Assessment of sedation and cardiorespiratory variables in sheep using different anesthetic protocols during artificial insemination
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n6p2483Keywords:
Artificial insemination, Sheep, Sedation protocols, Texel.Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is an important technique in sheep breeding. Since it is an invasive procedure, sedation and analgesia are essential. In the present study, 75 Texel sheep, standardized for weight (kg) and age (months) were used. The animals were randomly allocated to five groups: Acepromazine Group (AG); Acepromazine and Butorphanol Group (ABG); Acepromazine and Morphine Group (AMG); Acepromazine and Meperidine Group (AMRG) and Saline group (SG). The following parameters were assessed: sedation score, agitation level, heart rate (HR); respiratory rate (f), rectal temperature (T°R), latency time and time to perform artificial insemination (AI). Assessments times were M-20, M0, M1 and M2. Significant differences were considered when p˂0.05. There were no significant differences for weight and age. HR increased by 30.6, 34.2 and 42.5% from M-20 to M2 for the AG, ABG and AMRG, respectively. At M0, the AMRG obtained higher values, reaching 41.4% above the other groups. For f there was a decline of 21.8 and 26.9% in M1 in relation to M-20 for the AMRG and AMG, respectively, and a decrease of 20 and 25% between M-20 and M2. A comparison between SG f values showed an increase of 106.3 and 68.8% between M-20 and M1 and M2, respectively. The f values obtained at M1 and M2 for the SG were higher than those of the other groups. Although there were no intergroup differences in sedation level, the values obtained are clinically relevant. There were intergroup differences in agitation level, whereby at M1, AMRG and AMG obtained a score of 2 and SG 0, while at M2, AMG scored 2 and SG 0. There were no statistical differences for latency and AI times. Thus, under the conditions of the present study, the AMRG protocol was the least safe among the options assessed. The pre-anesthetic medication protocols promoted mild sedation and did not reduce the time required for AI.
Downloads
References
Aleixo, A. S. C., Alfonso, A., Oba, E., Souza, F. F. de, Cruz, R. K. S., Fillippi, M. G., Chiacchio, S. B., Tsunemi, M., & Lourenco, M. L. G. (2017). Scaling relationships among heart rate, electrocardiography parameters, and body weight. Topics in Companion Animal Medicine, 32(2), 66-71. doi: 10.1053/j.tcam.2017.06.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.tcam.2017.06.002
Alvares, C. T. G., Cruz, J. F., & Ferreira, M. L. (2015). Artificial insemination techniques and physiopathological implications in sheep. Pubvet, 9(5), 220-231. doi: 10.22256/pubvet.v9n5.220-23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22256/pubvet.v9n5.220-231
Auger, M., Fazio, C., Swarte, M., Bussières, G., Schaefer, D., & Springer, C. M. (2019). Administration of certain sedative drugs is associated with variation in sonographic and radiographic splenic size in healthy cats. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, 60(6), 717-728. doi: 10.1111/vru.12791 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/vru.12791
Damatto, R. L., Cezar, M. D. M., & Santos, P. P. (2019). Control of Body Temperature during Physical Exercise. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, 112(5), 543-544. doi: 10.5935/abc.20190081 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190081
Dippenaar, J. M., & Naidoo, S. (2015). Allergic reactions and anaphylaxis during anaesthesia. Current Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 28(1), 18-22. doi: 10.10520/EJC168688
Epstein, M. E. (2015). Opioids. In J. S. Gaynor, & W.W. Muir (Eds.), Handbook of veterinary pain management (pp. 161-195). Saint Loius, MO. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-08935-7.00009-0
Fantoni, D. T., & Garofalo, N. A. (2012). Fármacos analgésicos opioides. In Fantoni, D. T. (Ed.), Tratamento da dor na clínica de pequenos animais (pp. 109-126). Rio de Janeiro.
Feranti, J. P. S., Brun, M. V., Zanella, E., Messina, S. A., Schuh, R., Santos, F. R., & Brambatti, G. (2013). Viabilidade de duas novas técnicas para inseminação intrauterina laparoscópica em ovinos. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 65(3), 687-693. doi: 10.1590/s0102-09352013000300011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-09352013000300011
Gomes, V. H., Oliveira, R. L., Marques, J. L., Coelho, C. M., & Silva, M. F. (2018). Comparison of the sedative effects of nalbuphine and butorphanol, alone or in combination with acepromazine in dogs. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 45(1), 68-72. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2017.08.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaa.2017.08.003
Grasso, S. C., Ko, J. C., Weil, A. B., Paranjape, V., & Constable, P. D. (2015). Hemodynamic influence of acepromazine or dexmedetomidine premedication in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 246(7), 754-764. doi: 10.2460/javma.246.7.754 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.246.7.754
Jones, A. W. (2016). Perspectives in drug development and clinical pharmacology: the discovery of histamine H1and H2 Antagonists. Clinical Pharmacology in Drug Development, 5(1), 5-12. doi: 10.1002/cpdd.236 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpdd.236
Kästner, S. B. R., Wapf, P., Feige, K., Demuth, D., Bettschart- Wolfensberger, R., Akens, M. K., & Huhtinen, M. (2003). Pharmacokinetics and sedative effects of intramuscular medetomidine in domestic sheep. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 26(4), 271-276. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00492.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2885.2003.00492.x
Lemke, K. A. (2013). Anticolinérgicos e sedativos. In W. J. Tranquilli, J. C. Thurmon, & K. A. Grimm (Eds.), Lumb & Jones anestesiologia e analgesia veterinária (pp. 230-269). São Paulo.
Lizarraga, I., & Chambers, J. (2012). Use of analgesic drugs for pain management in sheep. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 60(2), 87-94. doi: 10.1080/00480169.2011.642772 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00480169.2011.642772
Murdoch, F. R., Maker, G. L., Nitsos, I., Polglase, G. R., & Musk, G. C. (2013). Intraperitoneal medetomidine: a novel analgesic strategy for postoperative pain management in pregnant sheep. Laboratory Animals, 47(1), 66-70. doi: 10.1177/0023677212473712 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0023677212473712
Musk, G. C., & Wilkes, G. J. (2018). Sedation of sheep following the administration of acepromazine with buprenorphine or morphine is similar. Research in Veterinary Science, 118(2018), 41-42. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.01.013
Nishimura, L. T., Villela, I. O. J., Carvalho, L. L., Borges, L. P. B., Silva, M. A. M., & Mattos, E., Jr. (2017). The effect of acepromazine alone or in combination with methadone, morphine, or tramadol on sedation and selected cardiopulmonary variables in sheep. Veterinary Medicine International, 2017(7507616), 1-6. doi: 10.1155/2017/7507616 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7507616
Padilha, R. T., Magalhães, D. M., Maia, A., Jr., Brasil, A. F., & Araújo, A. A. (2011). Efeito de diferentes dispositivos intravaginais na sincronização estral e taxa de gestação em ovelhas deslanadas submetidas à IATF via cervical superficial com sêmen refrigerado. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 6(3), 538-543. doi: 10.5039/agraria.v6i3a896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v6i3a896
Ramiro, V., Rodrigues, I., Correia, T. M., Sacoto, S., Azevedo, J., & Gomes, M. J. M. (2017). Maneio reprodutivo em ovinos e caprinos 7. Inseminação artificial em ovinos e caprinos. Agrotec, 3(20), 10-13. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/16023
Reece, W. O., Erickson, H. H., Goff, J. P., & Uemura, E. E. (2015). Dukes physiology of domestic animals. John Wiley & Sons.
Reis, A. C., Aptekmann, K. P., Egert, L., & Andrade, P. S. C., Jr. (2017). Parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis tratados com acepromazina, meperidina e sua associação. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 69(6), 1437-1442. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-8979 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8979
Sinclair, M. D., & Dyson, D. H. (2012). The impact of acepromazine on the efficacy of crystalloid, dextran or ephedrine treatment in hypotensive dogs under isoflurane anesthesia. Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 39(6), 563-573. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00766.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00766.x
Stanzani, G., & Otto, C. M. (2018). Shock. In S. A. Johnson, & K. M. Tobias, Veterinary surgery: small animal (pp. 73-94). St. Louis.
Tranquilli, W. J., Thurmon, J. C., & Grimm, K. A. (2013). Opióides, anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais e analgésicos adjuvantes. In Lumb & Jones (Ed.), Anestesiologia e analgesia veterinária (pp. 270-304). São Paulo.
Warne, L. N., Beths, T., Holm, M., & Bauquier, S. H. (2013). Comparison of perioperative analgesic efficacy between methadone and butorphanol in cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 243(6), 844-850. doi: 10.2460/javma.243.6.844 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.243.6.844
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adopts the CC-BY-NC license for its publications, the copyright being held by the author, in cases of republication we recommend that authors indicate first publication in this journal.
This license allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and develop the material, as long as it is not for commercial purposes. And due credit must be given to the creator.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
The magazine reserves the right to make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language and the credibility of the vehicle. However, it will respect the writing style of the authors. Changes, corrections or suggestions of a conceptual nature will be sent to the authors when necessary.
