Effect of particle size on storage time of hydrated corn grain

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1189

Keywords:

Granulometry, Fermentation time, Microbiology, Deterioration.

Abstract

Dry ground corn kernels are widely used as sources of energy readily available for microbial synthesis in the rumen. The objective of the present study was to measure the effect of particle size on the storage length of rehydrated and ensiled corn grain. Commercial corn was milled in 2-, 4-, 6-, 8-, and 10-mm sieves, rehydrated until reaching 65% DM, and ensiled for 14, 28, and 56 days, in a completely randomized design with a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement, with six replications per treatment. PVC mini-silos were used, with dimensions of 25 cm height x 10 cm of diameter. The variables DM, MM, CP, NDF, ADF, pH, molds and yeasts count, fermentative losses, in vitro degradability and aerobic stability were subjected to analysis of variance. The Tukey test was used to compare means. LAB counts was subjected to Wilcoxon's non-parametric test, considering significance at p < 0.05. Rehydrated corn silages with smaller particles (2 and 4 mm) showed higher LAB and mold counts, higher levels of CP and EE and higher density at opening silos than that of coarser particles. However, they showed lower percentages of DM, and were susceptible to microbial attack and faster temperature increases than were coarse particles during the chosen storage times. Silage subjected to 56 days of fermentation showed lower contents of NDF, ADF and CP, lower gas losses and lower pH values in aerobiosis, and increased levels of soluble protein (A + B1 fractions), losses by effluents, number of hours to reach maximum temperature, and time to break aerobic stability. Coarse-grind silages subjected to 56 days of storage showed better chemical composition, lower LAB and mold counts, and less susceptibility to microbial degradation when exposed to air.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Wilson Nei Zacaron, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina -UNOESC

Student of the Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, UNOESC, Xanxerê, SC, Brazil.

Clovisnei Basi, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Student of the Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, UNOESC, Xanxerê, SC, Brazil.

Cintiamara Baggio, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Student of the Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina, UNOESC, Xanxerê, SC, Brazil.

Gabriela Solivo, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Student of Animal Science, UNOESC, Xanxerê, SC, Brazil.

Liziane Schittler Moroni, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Prof. Dr., Department of Microbiology, UDESC, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil.

Ana Luiza Bachmann Schogor, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Prof. Dr., Postgraduate Program in Animal Science, UDESC, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.

Claiton André Zotti, Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina

Prof. Dr., Postgraduate Program in Animal Health and Production, UNOESC, Xanxerê, SC, Brazil.

References

Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1991). Official methods of analysis. (15a ed.). Washington DC.

Arcari, M. A., Martins, C. M. de M. R., Tomazi, T., & Santos, M. V. dos. (2016). Efeito do tempo de ensilagem do milho moído hidratado sobre a composição da silagem e degradabilidade in situ do amido. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 53(1), 60-71. doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v53i1 p60-71

Bernardes, T. F., & Chizzotti, F. H. M. (2012). Technological innovations in silage production and utilization. Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal, 13(3), 629-641. doi: 10.1590/S1519-99402012000300 004

Bitencourt, L. L. (2012). Substituição de milho moido por milho reidratado e ensilado ou melaço de soja em vacas leiteiras. Tese de doutorado, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

Carvalho, P. de A. (2014). Influência do genótipo e maturidade na diversidade microbiológica em milho grão para silagem. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.

Denardin, C. C., & Silva, L. P. da. (2009). Starch granules structure and its regards with physicochemical properties. Ciencia Rural, 39(3), 945-954. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782009005000003

Ferraretto, L. F., Crump, P. M., & Shaver, R. D. (2013). Effect of cereal grain type and corn grain harvesting and processing methods on intake, digestion, and milk production by dairy cows through a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(1), 533-550. doi: 10.3168/jds.2012-5932

Ferraretto, L. F., Taysom, K., Taysom, D. M., Shaver, R. D., & Hoffman, P. C. (2014). Relationships between dry matter content, ensiling, ammonia-nitrogen, and ruminal in vitro starch digestibility in high-moisture corn samples. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(5), 3221-3227. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7680

Firkins, J. L., Eastridge, M. L., St-Pierre, N. R., & Noftsger, S. M. (2001). Effects of grain variability and processing on starch utilization by lactating dairy cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 79(E-Suppl.), E218. doi: 10.2527/jas2001.79e-supple218x

Fredin, S. M., Ferraretto, L. F., Akins, M. S., Bertics, S. J., & Shaver, R. D. (2015). Effects of corn-based diet starch content and corn particle size on lactation performance, digestibility, and bacterial protein flow in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(1), 541-553. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8502

Holden, L. A. (1999). Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, 82(8), 1791-1794. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75409-3

Hwanhlem, N., Ivanova, T., Haertlé, T., Jaffrès, E., & Dousset, X. (2017). Inhibition of food-spoilage and foodborne pathogenic bacteria by a nisin Z-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis KT2W2L. LWT - Food Science and Technology, nº 82, 170-175. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.04.052

Instrução Normativa nº 62, de 26 de agosto de 2003. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento Diário Oficial da União. Brasília, 18 de setembro de 2003.

Jobim, C. C., Nussio, L. G., Reis, R. A., & Schmidt, P. (2007). Avanços metodológicos na avaliação da qualidade da forragem conservada. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(Suppl.), 101-119. doi: 10.1590/s 1516-35982007001000013

Junges, D. (2014). Tempo de armazenamento e manejo do painel no valor nutritivo de silagens de milho.. Tese de doutorado, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.

Kung, L., Schmidt, R. J., Ebling, T. E., & Hu, W. (2007). The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of ground and whole high-moisture corn. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(5), 2309-2314. doi: 10.3168/jds.2006-713

Kung, L., Windle, M. C., & Walker, N. (2014). The effect of an exogenous protease on the fermentation and nutritive value of high-moisture corn. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(3), 1707-1712. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7469

Licitra, G., Hernandez, T. M., & Soest, P. J. Van. (1996). Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 57, 347-358. doi: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3

Mcallister, T. A., Rode, M., Major, D. J., Cheng, K., & Smith, J. G. B. (1990). Effect of ruminal microbial colonization on cereal grain digestion. Canadá Journal of Animal Science. 579, 571-579.

Mendes, I. A. P. (2013). Consumo, digestibilidade, produção e composição do leite de vacas alimentadas com silagem de grão de milho moído reidratado substituindo milho seco moído do concentrado. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

Neumann, M., Mühlbach, P. R. F., Nörnberg, J. L., Ost, P. R., Restle, J., Sandini, I. E., & Romano, M. A. (2007). Características da fermentação da silagem obtida em diferentes tipos de silos sob efeito do tamanho de partícula e da altura de colheita das plantas de milho. Ciência Rural, 37(3), 847-854. doi: 10.1590/s0103-84782007000300038

Owens, F. (2015). Corn grain processing and digestion. Minnesota Nutrition Conference, 1-21.

Pereira, M. L. R. (2012). Degradabilidade ruminal in vitro de grão reidratado e ensilado de milho e sorgo com diferentes granulometrias. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brasil. Retrieved from https://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/bitstream/tde/869/1/DissertacaoMarcela L R Pereira.pdf

Reis, R. B., Moura, A. M., & Malacco, V. M. R. (2014). Processamento de amido do concentrado para vacas em pastejo. Anais do Simpósio Internacional Em Formulação de Dietas Para Gado Leiteiro, Lavras, MG, Brasil.

Rezende, A. V., Rabelo, C. H. S., Veiga, R. M., Andrade, L. P., Härter, C. J., Rabelo, F. H. S.,… Reis, R. A. (2014). Rehydration of corn grain with acid whey improves the silage quality. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 197, 213-221. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.07.009

Saylor, B. A., Casale, F., Sultana, H., & Ferraretto, L. F. (2019). Effect of microbial inoculation and particle size on fermentation profile, aerobic stability, and ruminal in situ starch degradation of high-moisture corn ensiled for a short period. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(1), 379-395. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16831

Silva, B. de C. (2018). Efeito da ensilagem de grãos de milho e sorgo reidratados sobre os locais de digestão e estimação da digestibilidade in vivo através de procedimentos de incubação ruminal in situ e in vitro em bovinos Nelore. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brasil.

Silva, C. M., Amaral, P. N. C. do, Baggio, R. A., Tubin, J. S. B., Conte, R. A., Dal Pivo, J. C.,… Paiano, D. (2016). Estabilidade de silagens de grãos úmidos de milho e milho reidratado. Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal, 17(3), 331-343. doi: 10.1590/S1519-99402016000300001

Tres, T. T., Jobim, C. C., Rossi, R. M., Silva, M. S. da, & Poppi, E. C. (2014). Silagem de grãos de milho, com adição de soja: Estabilidade aeróbia e desempenho de vacas leiteiras. Revista Brasileira de Saude e Producao Animal, 15(1), 248-260. doi: 10.1590/S1519-99402014000100002

Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2

Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science, 68(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x

Downloads

Published

2021-03-19

How to Cite

Zacaron, W. N., Basi, C., Baggio, C., Solivo, G., Moroni, L. S., Schogor, A. L. B., & Zotti, C. A. (2021). Effect of particle size on storage time of hydrated corn grain. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3), 1189–1208. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1189

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.