Effects of whipped cream addition on fermentation quality and relative feed value of alfalfa silage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6SUPL2p4115Keywords:
Alfalfa, Fermentation quality, Silage, Whipped cream.Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of whipped cream addition to alfalfa on fermentation quality and relative feed value (RFV). Alfalfa harvested at the beginning of blooming (5th cutting) was withered under laboratory conditions for 48 hours. In the study, 4 different levels of whipped cream were used, and no additives were added to the control group. A total of 20 packages of silage were left for fermentation in a closed storage (16±2 °C) for 90 days, 4 repetitions for each group. As a results of this study dry matter (DM) contents of silages increased due to the increase in the level of whipped cream addition. pH of silages was decreased significantly in the groups that participated in 20 ve 30 g kg-1 of whipped cream compared to the control (P < 0.01). In these groups, crude protein (CP) amount was higher (P < 0,01), and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was lower (P < 0.01) than control and other whipped cream groups. The water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) contents increased in parallel with the increase in the whipped cream level added to the alfalfa, and lactic acid (LA), as for that, was determined to be the highest (80.40 g kg-1 DM) level in the group with 30 g kg-1 whipped cream. In the same group, neutral detergent fiber (NDF: 383.1 g kg-1 DM) and acid detergent fiber (ADF: 245.4 g kg-1 DM) were observed to be at the lowest level, yeast numbers decreased similarly, enterobacter and mold did not develop, and RFV increased. According to the results obtained from the study, it was demonstrated that by adding 20 or 30 mg kg-1 of whipped cream to alfalfa, quality alfalfa silage could be obtained, and the waste whipped cream can be used as a silage additive and can be recycled to the economy.Downloads
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References
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Canbolat, Ö., Kalkan, H., & Filya, İ. (2013). The use of honey locust pods as a silage additive for alfalfa forage. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 19(2), 291-297. doi: 10.9775/ kvfd.2012.7710
Close, W., & Menke, K. H. (1986). Selected topics in animal nutrition university. A Manuel Prepared for the 3rd Hohenheim Course on Animal Nutrition in the Tropics and Semi-Tropics. (2nd ed.), University of Hohenhiem, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Playne, M. J., & McDonald, P. (1966). The buffering constituent of herbage and silage. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 17, 264-268. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740170609
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Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (2009). PASW Statistics for windows, version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
Şakalar, B. (2015). Ensiling process of high moisture oak nuts silage using mollasses. Master thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institutu of Science, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
Turan, A., & Soycan Önenç, S. (2018). Effect of cumin essential oil usage on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 31(8), 1252-1258. doi: 10.5713/ajas.17.0834
Türkşeker Sector Report. (2020). Türkşeker 2019 Sector Report, May, 2020. Retrieved from https://www. turkseker.gov.tr/data/dokumanlar/2020_Sektor_Raporu.pdf
Van Dyke, N. J., & Anderson, P. M. (2000). Interpreting a forage analysis. (Circular ANR-890). Alabama: Alabama Cooperative Extension.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Method for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: Key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science, 68, 1-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Yayla, D., & Soycan Önenç, S. (2021). The effects of waste jam mixture on silage fermentation, and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 9(2), 301-307. doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v9i2.301-307.3869
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1990). Official methods of analysis of the association of afficial analytical chemistry (15nd ed.). Arlington. VA: AOAC.
Barker, S. B., & Summerson, W. H. (1941). The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in biological material. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 138(2), 535-554. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)51379-X
Belyea, R. L., Steevens, B., Garner, G., Whittier, J. C., & Sewell, H. (1993).Using NDF and ADF to balance diet. Columbia: University of Missouri Extension.
Besharatı, M., Palangı, V., Nekoo, M., & Ayaşan, T. (2021). Effects of lactobacillus buchneri ınoculation and fresh whey addition on alfalfa silage quality and fermentation properties. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Journal Agriculture and Nature, 24(3), 671-678. doi: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.7770 31
Bostan, M. (2016). The effects of different natural additives on the quality of alfalfa silage. Master thesis, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Turkey.
Canbolat, Ö., Kalkan, H., & Filya, İ. (2013). The use of honey locust pods as a silage additive for alfalfa forage. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, 19(2), 291-297. doi: 10.9775/ kvfd.2012.7710
Close, W., & Menke, K. H. (1986). Selected topics in animal nutrition university. A Manuel Prepared for the 3rd Hohenheim Course on Animal Nutrition in the Tropics and Semi-Tropics. (2nd ed.), University of Hohenhiem, Stuttgart, Germany.
Dumlu Gül, Z., Tan, M., Fayetörbay Kaynar, D., & Kharazmi, K. (2015). Effects of some additives, harvest stage and wilting on quality characteristics of alfalfa silage. Atatürk University Journal of the Agricultural Faculty, 46(2), 113-118. Recovered from https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ataunizfd/issue/ 27763/293460
Efe, E., Bek, Y., & Şahin, M. (2000). Statistical methods with solutions in SPSS. Kahramanmaraş, Turkey: Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University Pub.
Environment & Urban Ministry (2017). National waste management and action plan 2016-2023. Ministry of Environment and Urbanization of the Republic of Turkey. Recovered from https://yalova.csb. gov.tr/ulusal-atik-yonetimi-ve-eylem-plani-2016-2023-yayinlandi-haber-221261
Hashemzadeh-Cigari, F., Khorvash, M., Ghorbani, G. R., Ghasemi, E., Taghizadeh, A., Kargar, S., & Yang, W. Z. (2014). Interactive effects of molasses by homofermentative and heterofermentative inoculants on fermentation quality, nitrogen fractionation, nutritive value and aerobic stability of wilted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L) silage. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 98(2), 290-299. doi: 10.1111/jpn.12079
International Standard Organization [ISO], 4833. (2014). Microbiology-food and animal feeds-horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms. Colony count at 30 °C by the spreading plate technique. TS EN ISO 4833.
Ke, W. C., Yang, F. Y., Undersander, D. J., & Guo, X. S. (2015). Fermentation characteristics, aerobic stability, proteolysis and lipid composition of alfalfa silage ensiled with apple or grape pomace. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 202, 12-19. doi: 10.1016/J.ANIFEEDSCI.2015.01.009
Kılıç, A. (1986). Ensilage feed. İzmir: Bilgehan Press.
Kirchgessner, M., & Kellner, R. J. (1981). Estimation of the energetic feed value of green and forage feed through the cellulas method. Landwirtschschaftliche Forschung, 34, 276-281.
Kirchgessner, M., Kellner, R. J., Roth, F. X., & Ranfft, K. (1977). For estimating the feed value using crude fiber and the cell wall fractions of the detergent analysis. Landwirtschaftliche Forschung, 30 245-250.
Kurtoğlu, V. (2011). Silage and silage additives. Konya, Turkey: Aybil Press.
Liu, B., Yang, Z., Huan, H., Gu, H., Xu, N., & Ding, C. (2020). Impact of molasses and microbial inoculants on fermentation quality, aerobic stability, and bacterial and fungal microbiomes of barley silage. Scientific Reports, 10, 5342. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-62290-7
Malhatun-Çotuk, G., & Soycan-Önenç, S. (2017). Effect of wheat bran and pudding added to alfalfa silage on fermentation, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility. Animal Production, 58(1), 13-19. Recovered from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/issue-full-file/32630
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (1986). The analysis of agricultural materials. A manuel of analytical methods used by the agricultural development and advisory sevice. (4th ed.), (Reference Book, 427). London, U.K: Publications commitee:Jackson, E., Farrington, D. S. &Henderson, K.
Özaslan, A. (2016). The use of corn syrup in the production of alfalfa silage. Master thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institute of Science, Department of Animal Science, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
Playne, M. J., & McDonald, P. (1966). The buffering constituent of herbage and silage. Journal of Science Food Agriculture, 17, 264-268. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740170609
Redfearn, D., Zhang, H., & Caddel, J. (2012). Forage quality interpretations. Oklahoma: Oklahoma Cooperative, Extension Service F-2117. Retrieved from http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/ dsweb/Get/Document-2557/F-2117web.pdf
Seale, D. R., Pahlow, G., Spoelstra, S. F., Lindgren, S., Dellaglio, F., & Lowe, J. F. (1990). Methods for the Microbiological Analysis of Silage. Proceeding of the Eurobac Conference, Uppsala, Sweden.
Soycan Önenç, S., & Korkmaz Turgud, F. (2019). Effect of oregano, cumin and cinnamon essential oils on fermentation quality in alfalfa silages. Journal of the Agricultural Faculty of Ege University, 56(3), 367-373. doi: 10.20289/zfdergi.516234
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (2009). PASW Statistics for windows, version 18.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.
Şakalar, B. (2015). Ensiling process of high moisture oak nuts silage using mollasses. Master thesis, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Institutu of Science, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey.
Turan, A., & Soycan Önenç, S. (2018). Effect of cumin essential oil usage on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Science, 31(8), 1252-1258. doi: 10.5713/ajas.17.0834
Türkşeker Sector Report. (2020). Türkşeker 2019 Sector Report, May, 2020. Retrieved from https://www. turkseker.gov.tr/data/dokumanlar/2020_Sektor_Raporu.pdf
Van Dyke, N. J., & Anderson, P. M. (2000). Interpreting a forage analysis. (Circular ANR-890). Alabama: Alabama Cooperative Extension.
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Method for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74, 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: Key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science, 68, 1-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Yayla, D., & Soycan Önenç, S. (2021). The effects of waste jam mixture on silage fermentation, and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silages. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 9(2), 301-307. doi: 10.24925/turjaf.v9i2.301-307.3869
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2021-10-08
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Önenç, S. S., Yayla, D., & Serbetçi, M. I. (2021). Effects of whipped cream addition on fermentation quality and relative feed value of alfalfa silage. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6SUPL2), 4115–4132. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6SUPL2p4115
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