Multivariate analysis to characterize flaxseed production environments in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6SUPL2p3685Keywords:
Agroecosystem, Edaphoclimate condition, Linun usitatissimum L., Principal components, Sustainable production.Abstract
The environments for flaxseed production and its soil-plant-atmosphere relationship, it is essential for distinguish and adapt them to the soil and crop management to obtain high sustainable yields and food diversification. Our goal was to characterize the main edaphoclimatic conditions for flaxseed production in South-Central, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in two locations representative of the edaphoclimatic conditions of South-Central, Brazil: 1 - Dourados, MS, with an Aw climate and LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico (Haplustox) and 2 - Curitibanos, SC, with a Cfb climate and CAMBISSOLO HÚMICO (Haplumbrept), both cultivated with four flaxseed varieties: Aguará and Caburé from Argentina, UFSC (reddish-brown color) and Golden (golden-yellow color) from Brazil, grown under no-tillage system and few resources. Data from weather (air temperature and rainfall), plant growth, soil chemical and physical-hydric attributes, and post-harvest quality of flaxseed were monitored. The data were submitted to Pearson’s correlation matrix (P < 0.05) and multivariate principal component analysis (PCA). PCA segregated edaphoclimatic environments and varieties into four distinct groups. Each edaphoclimatic condition there was specific attributes discriminated by PCA ( > 78%). The lowest plant height ( < 0.85m), shorter cycle length (120-142 days) and high yield ( =1.13 Mg ha-1), especially golden-yellow flaxseed, were found in Dourados. The soil organic carbon and rainfall acted directly in Curitibanos, while charge balance and air temperature responded in Dourados influence flaxseed production. Soil physical and grain attributes were similar between the environments investigated. Both agricultural environments showed feasibility for flaxseed sustainable production in Brazil, it is important to emphasize that these results are pioneers, especially the edaphoclimatic conditions from Dourados.Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Addinsoft (2014). Xlstat-Pro, core statistical software. Retrieved from http://www.xlstat.com
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Moraes, J. L. G. de, & Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711-728. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/201 3/0507
Bechlin, T. R., Granella, S. J., Christ, D., Coelho, S. R. M., & Viecelli, C. A. (2019). Evaluation of grain and oil quality of packaged and ozonized flaxseed. Journal of Stored Products Research, 83(4), 311-316. doi: 10.1016/j.jspr.2019.07.014
Bosco, L. C., Becker, D., Stanck, L. T., Carducci, C. E., & Harthmann, O. E. L. (2020). Linking meteorological conditions to linseed productivity and phenology in agroecosystems of Southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(5), 24838-24868. doi: 10.34117/bjdv6n5-077
Carducci, C. E., Bosco, L. C., Kohn, L. S., Barbosa, J. S., Regazolli, G. H. M., & Benevenute, P. A. N. (2017). Water dynamics in Humic Cambisol under linseed tillage in the Santa Catarina Plateau. Scientia Agraria, 18(1), 1-11. doi: 10.5380/rsa.v18i1.49885
Carducci, C. E., Schoeninger, V., Xavier, J. C., Ferreira, R. C., & Freitas, K. G. (2018). Soil and seed quality of flax grown in a conservation management system. Cadernos de Agroecologia, 13(2), 1-10. Recuperado de http://cadernos.aba-agroecologia.org.br/index.php/cadernos/article/view/2020
Casa, R., Russell, G., Cascio, B. L., & Rossini, F. (1999). Environmental effects on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield and growth of flax at different stand densities. European Journal of Agronomy, 11(3-4), 267-278. doi: 10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00037-4
Chen, Y. L., Zhang, Z. S., Zhao, Y., Hu, Y. G., & Zhang, D. H. (2018). Soil carbon storage along a 46-year revetation chronosequence in a desert are of northern China. Geoderma, 325(17), 28-36. doi: 10.10116 /j.geoderma.2018.03.024
Coskuner, Y., & Karababa, E. (2007). Some physical properties of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 78(3), 1067-1073. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.12.017
Darapuneni, M. K., Morgan, G. D., Ibrahim, A. M. H., & Ducan, R. W. (2014). Effect of vernalization and photoperiod on flax flowering time. Euphytica, 195(2), 279-285. doi: 10.1007/s10681-013-0996-x
Ebmeyer, H., Fiedler-Wiechers, K., & Hoffmann, C. M. (2021). Drought tolerance of sugar beet - evaluation of genotypic differences in yield potential and yield stability under varying environmental conditions. European Journal of Agronomy, 125(4), 126262. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2021.126262
Ferreira, M. M., Fernades, B., & Curi, N. (1999). Influência da mineralogia da fração argila nas propriedades físicas de Latossolos da região sudeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 23(3), 515-524. doi: 10.1590/S0100-06831999000300004
Figueiredo, D. B., Fº., & Silva, J. A., Jr. (2009). Desvendando os mistérios do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r). Revista Política Hoje, 18(1), 115-146. Recuperado de https://periodicos.ufpe.br/revistas/ politicahoje/article/view/3852/3156
Flax Council Canada (2020). Growing flax production, management & diagnostic guide. Retrieved from https://flaxcouncil.ca/
Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO. FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Production quantities of Linseed by country (2020). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/ en/#data/QC/visualize.
Gu, F., Zheng, Y., Zhang, W., Yao, X., Panc, D., Wong, A. S. M.,… Sharmin, N. (2018). Can bamboo fibres be an alternative to flax fibres as materials for plastic reinforcement? A comparative life cycle study on polypropylene/flax/bamboo laminates. Industrial Crops and Products, 121(11), 372-387. doi: 10.1016/ j.indcrop.2018.05.025
Heller, K., Sheng, Q. C., Guan, F., Alexopoulou, E., Hua, L. S., Wu, G. W., Jankauskiene, Z., & Fu, W. Y. (2015). A comparative study between Europe and China in crop management of two types of flax: flaxseed and fibre flax. Industrial Crops and Products, 68(6), 24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.01 0
Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008). Normas analíticas do instituto Adolfo Lutz. Métodos químicos e físicos para análise de alimentos. (4nd ed.). Brasília: ANVISA. Recuperado de http://www.ial.sp.gov.br/ial/ publicacoes/livros/
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2020). Censo Agropecuário 2017 - Linho fibra. Recuperado de https://censos.ibge.gov.br/agro/2017/templates/censo_agro/resultadosagro/agricultura.html? localidade =41&tema=76490
IUSS Working Group WRB. (2014). World reference base for soil resources. World Soil Resources Report (v. 106). Rome: Fao. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/soil-classification/world-reference-base/en/
Kohn, L. S., Carducci, C. E., Barbosa, J. S., Bosco, L. C., & Rossoni, D. F. (2020). Effect of flaxseed root performance on the structural quality of a Haplumbrept under conservationist management system, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6), 2523-2540. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2020 v41 n6p2523
Kohn, L. S., Carducci, C. E., Silva, K. C. R., Barbosa, J. S., Fucks, J. S., & Benevenute, P. A. N. (2016). Development of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) roots in two years tillage in Inceptsol. Scientia Agraria, 17(1), 36-41. doi: 10.5380/rsa.v17i1.46191
Magalhães, C. A. S., Pedreira, B. C., Tonini, H., & Farias, A. L., Neto. (2019). Crop, livestock and forestry performance assessment under different production systems in the north of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Agroforestry System, 93(10), 2085-2096. doi: 10.1007/s10457-018-0311-x
Manly, B. J. F. (2008). Métodos estatísticos multivariados: uma introdução (3a ed.) Porto Alegre: Bookman.
MAPA (2009). Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. In. Regras para análise de sementes. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária. Brasília, DF, Brazil: Mapa/ACS, 2009. Recuperado de https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/laboratorios/ arquivos-publicacoes-laboratorio/regras-para-analise-de-sementes.pdf/view
Milisich, H. J. (2017). Se obtuvieron dos nuevos cultivares de liño. Entre Ríos, Argentina: Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Retrieved from http://inta.gob.ar/noticias/se-obtuvieron-dos-nuevos-cultivares-de-lino (In Espanish)
Mohsenin, N. N. (1970). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc.
Moncada, M. P., Ball, B. C., Gabriels, D., Lobo, D., & Cornelis, W. M. (2015). Evaluation of soil physical quality index s for some tropical and temperate medium-textured soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 79(1), 9-19. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2014.06.0259
R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
Santos, H. G., Jacomine, P. K. T., Anjos, L. H. C., Oliveira, V. A., Lumbreras, J. F., Coelho, M. R.,… Cunha, T. J. F. (2018). Brazilian soil classification (5nd ed. rev. and exp.). Brasília, DF: EMBRAPA. Retrieved from https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1094001/brazilian-soil-classification-system
Serafim, M. E., Oliveira, G. C., Lima, J. M., Silva, B. M., Zeviani, W. M., & Lima, V. M. P. (2013). Water availability and landscape distinction for coffee cultivation. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 17(4), 362-370. doi: 10.1590/S1415-43662013000400002
Severiano, E. C., Oliveira, G. C., Dias, M. S., Jr., Curi, N., Costa, K. A. P., & Carducci, C. E. (2013). Preconsolidation pressure, soil water retention characteristics, and texture of Latosols in the Brazilian Cerrado. Soil Research, 51(1), 193-202. doi: 10.1071/SR12366
Singh, K. K., Mridula, D., Rehal, J., & Barnwal, P. (2011). Flaxseed: a potential source of food, feed and fiber. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(3), 210-222. doi: 10.1080/10408390903537 241
Smith, J. M., & Froment, M. A. (2008). A growth stage key for winter linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Annals of Applied Biology, 133(2), 297-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1998.tb05829.x
Soil Survey Staff (2014). Keys to soil taxonomy (12nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved from https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/soils/survey/class/taxonomy/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Stanck, L.T., Becker, D., & Bosco, L. C. (2017). Flaxseed growth and productivity. Agrometeoros, 25(1), 249-256. doi: 10.31062/agrom.v25i1.26285
Teixeira, P. C., Donagemma, G. K., Fontana, A., & Teixeira, W. G. (2017). Manual de análise de solo (3a ed. rev. e ampl.). Brasília, DF: EMBRAPA. Recuperado de https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1085209/manual-de-metodos-de-analise-de-solo
Troshchynska, Y., Bleha, R., Kumbarová, L., Sluková, M., Sinica, A., & Štětina, J. (2019). Discrimination of flax cultivars based on visible diffusion reflectance spectra and colour parameters of whole seeds. Czech Journal of Food Science, 37(3), 199-204. doi: 10.17221/202/2018-CJFS
Zająç, T., Oleksy, A., Stoktosa, A., Klimek-Kopyra, A., & Kulig, B. (2013). The development competition and productivity of linseed and pea-cultivars grown in a pure sowing or in a mixture. European Journal of Agronomy, 44(1), 22-31. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2012.08.001
Zinn, Y. L., Lal, R., Bigham, J. M., & Resck, D. V. S. (2007). Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon retention in the Brazilian Cerrado: texture and mineralogy. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 71(4), 1204-1214. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2006.0014
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Moraes, J. L. G. de, & Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen's climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711-728. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/201 3/0507
Bechlin, T. R., Granella, S. J., Christ, D., Coelho, S. R. M., & Viecelli, C. A. (2019). Evaluation of grain and oil quality of packaged and ozonized flaxseed. Journal of Stored Products Research, 83(4), 311-316. doi: 10.1016/j.jspr.2019.07.014
Bosco, L. C., Becker, D., Stanck, L. T., Carducci, C. E., & Harthmann, O. E. L. (2020). Linking meteorological conditions to linseed productivity and phenology in agroecosystems of Southern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Development, 6(5), 24838-24868. doi: 10.34117/bjdv6n5-077
Carducci, C. E., Bosco, L. C., Kohn, L. S., Barbosa, J. S., Regazolli, G. H. M., & Benevenute, P. A. N. (2017). Water dynamics in Humic Cambisol under linseed tillage in the Santa Catarina Plateau. Scientia Agraria, 18(1), 1-11. doi: 10.5380/rsa.v18i1.49885
Carducci, C. E., Schoeninger, V., Xavier, J. C., Ferreira, R. C., & Freitas, K. G. (2018). Soil and seed quality of flax grown in a conservation management system. Cadernos de Agroecologia, 13(2), 1-10. Recuperado de http://cadernos.aba-agroecologia.org.br/index.php/cadernos/article/view/2020
Casa, R., Russell, G., Cascio, B. L., & Rossini, F. (1999). Environmental effects on linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) yield and growth of flax at different stand densities. European Journal of Agronomy, 11(3-4), 267-278. doi: 10.1016/S1161-0301(99)00037-4
Chen, Y. L., Zhang, Z. S., Zhao, Y., Hu, Y. G., & Zhang, D. H. (2018). Soil carbon storage along a 46-year revetation chronosequence in a desert are of northern China. Geoderma, 325(17), 28-36. doi: 10.10116 /j.geoderma.2018.03.024
Coskuner, Y., & Karababa, E. (2007). Some physical properties of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.). Journal of Food Engineering, 78(3), 1067-1073. doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.12.017
Darapuneni, M. K., Morgan, G. D., Ibrahim, A. M. H., & Ducan, R. W. (2014). Effect of vernalization and photoperiod on flax flowering time. Euphytica, 195(2), 279-285. doi: 10.1007/s10681-013-0996-x
Ebmeyer, H., Fiedler-Wiechers, K., & Hoffmann, C. M. (2021). Drought tolerance of sugar beet - evaluation of genotypic differences in yield potential and yield stability under varying environmental conditions. European Journal of Agronomy, 125(4), 126262. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2021.126262
Ferreira, M. M., Fernades, B., & Curi, N. (1999). Influência da mineralogia da fração argila nas propriedades físicas de Latossolos da região sudeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 23(3), 515-524. doi: 10.1590/S0100-06831999000300004
Figueiredo, D. B., Fº., & Silva, J. A., Jr. (2009). Desvendando os mistérios do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r). Revista Política Hoje, 18(1), 115-146. Recuperado de https://periodicos.ufpe.br/revistas/ politicahoje/article/view/3852/3156
Flax Council Canada (2020). Growing flax production, management & diagnostic guide. Retrieved from https://flaxcouncil.ca/
Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO. FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Production quantities of Linseed by country (2020). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/faostat/ en/#data/QC/visualize.
Gu, F., Zheng, Y., Zhang, W., Yao, X., Panc, D., Wong, A. S. M.,… Sharmin, N. (2018). Can bamboo fibres be an alternative to flax fibres as materials for plastic reinforcement? A comparative life cycle study on polypropylene/flax/bamboo laminates. Industrial Crops and Products, 121(11), 372-387. doi: 10.1016/ j.indcrop.2018.05.025
Heller, K., Sheng, Q. C., Guan, F., Alexopoulou, E., Hua, L. S., Wu, G. W., Jankauskiene, Z., & Fu, W. Y. (2015). A comparative study between Europe and China in crop management of two types of flax: flaxseed and fibre flax. Industrial Crops and Products, 68(6), 24-31. doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.07.01 0
Instituto Adolfo Lutz (2008). Normas analíticas do instituto Adolfo Lutz. Métodos químicos e físicos para análise de alimentos. (4nd ed.). Brasília: ANVISA. Recuperado de http://www.ial.sp.gov.br/ial/ publicacoes/livros/
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2020). Censo Agropecuário 2017 - Linho fibra. Recuperado de https://censos.ibge.gov.br/agro/2017/templates/censo_agro/resultadosagro/agricultura.html? localidade =41&tema=76490
IUSS Working Group WRB. (2014). World reference base for soil resources. World Soil Resources Report (v. 106). Rome: Fao. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/soils-portal/data-hub/soil-classification/world-reference-base/en/
Kohn, L. S., Carducci, C. E., Barbosa, J. S., Bosco, L. C., & Rossoni, D. F. (2020). Effect of flaxseed root performance on the structural quality of a Haplumbrept under conservationist management system, in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6), 2523-2540. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2020 v41 n6p2523
Kohn, L. S., Carducci, C. E., Silva, K. C. R., Barbosa, J. S., Fucks, J. S., & Benevenute, P. A. N. (2016). Development of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) roots in two years tillage in Inceptsol. Scientia Agraria, 17(1), 36-41. doi: 10.5380/rsa.v17i1.46191
Magalhães, C. A. S., Pedreira, B. C., Tonini, H., & Farias, A. L., Neto. (2019). Crop, livestock and forestry performance assessment under different production systems in the north of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Agroforestry System, 93(10), 2085-2096. doi: 10.1007/s10457-018-0311-x
Manly, B. J. F. (2008). Métodos estatísticos multivariados: uma introdução (3a ed.) Porto Alegre: Bookman.
MAPA (2009). Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. In. Regras para análise de sementes. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária. Brasília, DF, Brazil: Mapa/ACS, 2009. Recuperado de https://www.gov.br/agricultura/pt-br/assuntos/laboratorios/ arquivos-publicacoes-laboratorio/regras-para-analise-de-sementes.pdf/view
Milisich, H. J. (2017). Se obtuvieron dos nuevos cultivares de liño. Entre Ríos, Argentina: Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria. Retrieved from http://inta.gob.ar/noticias/se-obtuvieron-dos-nuevos-cultivares-de-lino (In Espanish)
Mohsenin, N. N. (1970). Physical properties of plant and animal materials. New York: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers Inc.
Moncada, M. P., Ball, B. C., Gabriels, D., Lobo, D., & Cornelis, W. M. (2015). Evaluation of soil physical quality index s for some tropical and temperate medium-textured soils. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 79(1), 9-19. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2014.06.0259
R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
Santos, H. G., Jacomine, P. K. T., Anjos, L. H. C., Oliveira, V. A., Lumbreras, J. F., Coelho, M. R.,… Cunha, T. J. F. (2018). Brazilian soil classification (5nd ed. rev. and exp.). Brasília, DF: EMBRAPA. Retrieved from https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1094001/brazilian-soil-classification-system
Serafim, M. E., Oliveira, G. C., Lima, J. M., Silva, B. M., Zeviani, W. M., & Lima, V. M. P. (2013). Water availability and landscape distinction for coffee cultivation. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 17(4), 362-370. doi: 10.1590/S1415-43662013000400002
Severiano, E. C., Oliveira, G. C., Dias, M. S., Jr., Curi, N., Costa, K. A. P., & Carducci, C. E. (2013). Preconsolidation pressure, soil water retention characteristics, and texture of Latosols in the Brazilian Cerrado. Soil Research, 51(1), 193-202. doi: 10.1071/SR12366
Singh, K. K., Mridula, D., Rehal, J., & Barnwal, P. (2011). Flaxseed: a potential source of food, feed and fiber. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 51(3), 210-222. doi: 10.1080/10408390903537 241
Smith, J. M., & Froment, M. A. (2008). A growth stage key for winter linseed (Linum usitatissimum). Annals of Applied Biology, 133(2), 297-306. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-7348.1998.tb05829.x
Soil Survey Staff (2014). Keys to soil taxonomy (12nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. Retrieved from https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/ detail/soils/survey/class/taxonomy/?cid=nrcs142p2_053580
Stanck, L.T., Becker, D., & Bosco, L. C. (2017). Flaxseed growth and productivity. Agrometeoros, 25(1), 249-256. doi: 10.31062/agrom.v25i1.26285
Teixeira, P. C., Donagemma, G. K., Fontana, A., & Teixeira, W. G. (2017). Manual de análise de solo (3a ed. rev. e ampl.). Brasília, DF: EMBRAPA. Recuperado de https://www.embrapa.br/busca-de-publicacoes/-/publicacao/1085209/manual-de-metodos-de-analise-de-solo
Troshchynska, Y., Bleha, R., Kumbarová, L., Sluková, M., Sinica, A., & Štětina, J. (2019). Discrimination of flax cultivars based on visible diffusion reflectance spectra and colour parameters of whole seeds. Czech Journal of Food Science, 37(3), 199-204. doi: 10.17221/202/2018-CJFS
Zająç, T., Oleksy, A., Stoktosa, A., Klimek-Kopyra, A., & Kulig, B. (2013). The development competition and productivity of linseed and pea-cultivars grown in a pure sowing or in a mixture. European Journal of Agronomy, 44(1), 22-31. doi: 10.1016/j.eja.2012.08.001
Zinn, Y. L., Lal, R., Bigham, J. M., & Resck, D. V. S. (2007). Edaphic controls on soil organic carbon retention in the Brazilian Cerrado: texture and mineralogy. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 71(4), 1204-1214. doi: 10.2136/sssaj2006.0014
Downloads
Published
2021-10-08
How to Cite
Carducci, C. E., Bosco, L. C., Schoeninger, V., Higashikawa, F. S., Ferreira, R. C., & Xavier, J. C. (2021). Multivariate analysis to characterize flaxseed production environments in Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6SUPL2), 3685–3706. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6SUPL2p3685
Issue
Section
Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adopts the CC-BY-NC license for its publications, the copyright being held by the author, in cases of republication we recommend that authors indicate first publication in this journal.
This license allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and develop the material, as long as it is not for commercial purposes. And due credit must be given to the creator.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
The magazine reserves the right to make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language and the credibility of the vehicle. However, it will respect the writing style of the authors. Changes, corrections or suggestions of a conceptual nature will be sent to the authors when necessary.
