Yield and nutritive value of mechanically processed corn silage from an integrated crop-livestock system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p845Keywords:
Harvest height, Kernel processing, Maturity stage.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the yield and nutritional value of silage made from corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) in an integrated crop-livestock system. The corn was harvested at different maturity stages and cutting heights and was processed or not before ensiling. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications in a 2x2x2+1 factorial scheme. The treatments were composed of silage corn intercropped with marandu palisadegrass harvested at two cutting heights (20 or 45 cm) and two stages of maturity (1/4 of the kernel milk line or kernel physiological maturity) and subjected to two methods of processing (crushing or not crushing). A control treatment composed of conventionally grown corn silage was also included. The total dry matter yields of both crops did not differ significantly among treatments, demonstrating the viability of the intercropping system for both forage species. Although the dry matter content of the corn plants was higher at the time of ensiling, the fermentative and nutritive quality of the silages was not affected. Increasing the cutting height increased the grain content of the forage mass and also avoided harming the development of the intercropped grass. The silages from the physiological maturity treatment and from the processed treatment had the best quality.Downloads
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References
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Pariz, C. M., Andreotti, M., Bergamaschine, A. F., Buzetti, S., Costa, N. R., Cavallini, M. C.,... Luiggi, F. G. (2011). Yield, chemical composition and chlorophyll relative content of Tanzania and Mombaça grasses irrigated and fertilized with nitrogen after corn intercropping. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(4), 728-738. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000400005
Pariz, C. M., Costa, C., Crusciol, C. A. C., Meirelles, P. R. D. L., Castilhos, A. M. D., Andreotti, M.,... Martello, J. M. (2017). Silage production of corn intercropped with tropical forages in an integrated crop-livestock system with lambs. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 52(1), 54-62. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2017000100007
Rezende, A. V. D., Watanabe, D. J., Silveira Rabelo, F. H., Silveira Rabelo, C. H., & Nogueira, D. A. (2015). Características agronômicas, bromatológicas e econômicas de alturas de corte para ensilagem da cultura do milho. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 36.(2), 961-970. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n2p961
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Souza, W. F., Costa, K. A. P., Guarnieri, A., Severiano, E. C., Silva, J. T., Teixeira, D. A. A.,... Dias, M. B. C. (2019). Production and quality of the silage of corn intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in different forage systems and maturity stages. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 4(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1590/ rbz4820180222
Buso, W. H. D., Machado, A. S., Ribeiro, T. B., & Silva, L. O. (2018). Produção e composição bromatológica da silagem de híbridos de milho sob duas alturas de corte. Journal of Neotropical Agriculture, 5(4), 74-80. doi: 10.32404/rean.v5i4.2682
Caetano, H., Oliveira, M. D. S. D., Freitas, J. E. D., Jr., Rêgo, A. C. D., Rennó, F. P., & Carvalho, M. V. D. (2011). Avaliação de cultivares de milho colhido em duas alturas de corte para ensilagem. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(1), 12-19. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000100003
Cantarella, H., Raij, B. Van., Camargo, C. E. O. (1997). Cereais. In B. van RAIJ, H Cantarella, J. A. Quaggio, & A. M. C. Furlani (Eds.), Recomendação de adubação e calagem para o Estado de São Paulo (2a ed., pp. 43-71). (Boletim Técnico, 100). Campinas: Instituto Agronômico; IAC.
Costa, N. R., Andreotti, M., Crusciol, C. A. C., Lima, C. G. D. R., Castilhos, A. M. D., Souza, D. M. D.,... Pariz, C. M. (2017). Yield and nutritive value of the silage of corn intercropped with tropical perennial grasses. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 52(1), 63-73. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2017000100008
Dunière, L., Sindou, J., Chaucheyras-Durand, F., Chevallier, I., & Thévenot-Sergentet, D. (2013). Silage processing and strategies to prevent persistence of undesirable microorganisms. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 182(1-4), 1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.04.006
Ferraretto, L. F., Shaver, R. D., & Luck, B. D. (2018). Silage review: recent advances and future technologies for whole-plant and fractionated corn silage harvesting. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 3937-3951. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13728
Ferreira, D. F. (2015). SISVAR: Sistema de análise de variância para dados balanceados. Versão 5.6, Lavras: DEX/UFLA.
Hara, S., & Tanigawa, T. (2010). Effects of length of cut and mechanical processing on utilization of corn silage harvested at the black line stage of maturity by lactating dairy cows. Animal Science Journal, 81(2), 187-193. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2009.00719.x
Hristov, A. N., Harper, M. T., Roth, G., Canale, C., Huhtanen, P., Richard, T. L., & DiMarco, K. (2020). Effects of ensiling time on corn silage neutral detergent fiber degradability and relationship between laboratory fiber analyses and in vivo digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(3), 2333-2346. doi: 10. 3168/jds.2019-16917
Jobim, C. C., Nussio, L. G., Reis, R. A., & Schmidt, P. (2007). Avanços metodológicos na avaliação da qualidade da forragem conservada. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 36(1), 101-119. doi: 10.1590/S1516 -35982007001000013
Junges, D., Schmidt, P., Novinski, C. O., & Daniel, J. L. P. (2013). Additive containing homo and heterolactic bacteria on the fermentation quality of maize silage. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 35(4), 371-377. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v35i4.18833
Khan, N. A., Yu, P., Ali, M., Cone, J. W., & Hendriks, W. H. (2015). Nutritive value of maize silage in relation to dairy cow performance and milk quality. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(2), 238-252. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6703
Kung, L., Jr., Shaver, R. D., Grant, R. J., & Schmidt, R. J. (2018). Silage review: interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4020-4033. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13909
Kung, L., & Shaver, R. (2001). Interpretation and use of silage fermentation analysis reports. Focus on Forage, 3(13), 1-5. Retrieved from https://fyi.extension.wisc.edu/forage/files/2016/10/Fermentation2. pdf
Lynch, J. P., Baah, J., & Beauchemin, K. A. (2015). Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(2), 1214-1224. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-8768
Marquardt, F. I., Jobim, C. C., Bueno, A. V. I., & Ribeiro, M. G. (2017). Altura de corte e adição de inoculante enzimo-bacteriano na composição químico-bromatológica e digestibilidade de silagens de milho avaliada em ovinos. Ciência Animal Brasileira, 18(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1590/1089-6891v18e-42888
Moraes, A., Carvalho, P. C. D. F., Crusciol, C. A. C., Lang, C. R., Pariz, C. M., Deiss, L., & Sulc, R. M. (2019). Integrated crop-livestock systems as a solution facing the destruction of Pampa and Cerrado biomes in South America by intensive monoculture systems. In G. Lemaire, P. C. F. Carvalho, S. Kronberg, & S. Recous (Eds.), Agroecosystem diversity (pp. 257-273). London: Academic Press.
Muck, R. E., Nadeau, E. M. G., McAllister, T. A., Contreras-Govea, F. E., Santos, M. C., & Kung, L., Jr. (2018). Silage review: recent advances and future uses of silage additives. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 3980-4000. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13839
National Research Council (2001). Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle (7nd ed). Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Neumann, M., Venancio, B. J., Horst, E. H., Cristo, F. B., Petkowicz, K., Pontarolo, G. B.,… Martins, M. B. A. (2020). Corn hybrid silage quality according to harvesting time. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(2), 369-382. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n2p369
Pariz, C. M., Andreotti, M., Bergamaschine, A. F., Buzetti, S., Costa, N. R., Cavallini, M. C.,... Luiggi, F. G. (2011). Yield, chemical composition and chlorophyll relative content of Tanzania and Mombaça grasses irrigated and fertilized with nitrogen after corn intercropping. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(4), 728-738. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000400005
Pariz, C. M., Costa, C., Crusciol, C. A. C., Meirelles, P. R. D. L., Castilhos, A. M. D., Andreotti, M.,... Martello, J. M. (2017). Silage production of corn intercropped with tropical forages in an integrated crop-livestock system with lambs. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 52(1), 54-62. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2017000100007
Rezende, A. V. D., Watanabe, D. J., Silveira Rabelo, F. H., Silveira Rabelo, C. H., & Nogueira, D. A. (2015). Características agronômicas, bromatológicas e econômicas de alturas de corte para ensilagem da cultura do milho. Semina: Ciencias Agrarias, 36.(2), 961-970. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2015v36n2p961
Santos, H. G., Jacomine, P. K. T., Anjos, L. H. C., Oliveira, V. A., Oliveira, J. B., Coelho, M. R.,... Cunha, T. J. F. (2006). Sistema brasileiro de classificação de solos. Rio de Janeiro: EMBRAPA Solos.
Silveira, T. F., Nardi, G. N. Jr., Silveira, J. P. F., & Costa, C. (2014). Desempenho produtivo de novilhos Nelore confinados alimentados com silagem de milho processada. Boletim de Indústria Animal, 71(1), 39-46. doi: 10.17526/bia.v71n1
Souza, W. F., Costa, K. A. P., Guarnieri, A., Severiano, E. C., Silva, J. T., Teixeira, D. A. A.,... Dias, M. B. C. (2019). Production and quality of the silage of corn intercropped with Paiaguas palisadegrass in different forage systems and maturity stages. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 4(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1590/ rbz4820180222
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2021-02-24
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Oliveira, M. H. de, Costa, C., Pariz, C. M., Meirelles, P. R. de L., Andreotti, M., Castilhos, A. M. de, … Ulian, N. de A. (2021). Yield and nutritive value of mechanically processed corn silage from an integrated crop-livestock system. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(2), 845–860. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n2p845
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