Butter fatty acid composition as a function of soybean oil supplementation and time of milking, and performance of Holstein x Gyr cows fed with chopped elephant grass-based diets
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2025Keywords:
Conjugated linoleic acid, Milk composition, Pennisetum purpureum.Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of cows fed with a total mixed ration composed of elephant grass and a concentrate containing 0.0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0% or 4.5% soybean oil on a dry matter basis. The effect of milking time (morning versus afternoon) on butter fatty acid composition was also evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein x Gyr cows with an average milk production of 18.0±4.6 kg day-1 and 90±25 days in milk were used in a triplicated 4 x 4 Latin square experimental design with 15-day periods. Data were analyzed using mixed models. There was no effect of soybean oil supplementation on dry matter or neutral detergent fiber intake (P > 0.05). The fat-corrected milk yield linearly decreased (P=0.0109) and the milk protein yield linearly increased (P=0.0023) in response to soybean oil supplementation. The butterfat trans-9 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, trans-10 C18:1, trans-11 C18:1, cis-9, trans-11 CLA and trans-10, cis-12 CLA content linearly increased (P < 0.05), whereas the C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 content linearly decreased (P < 0.001) as the level of soybean oil in the diet increased. The butter produced from afternoon milk had a lower content of C16:0 and a higher content of cis-9 C18:1 (P < 0.05). The supplementation of elephant grass-based-diets with soybean oil and, to a small extent, the selective segregation of milk obtained from afternoon milking sessions are strategies that can be used to improve the fatty acid composition of butterfat.Metrics
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References
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COUVREUR, S.; HURTAUD, C.; LOPEZ, C.; DELABY, L.; PEYRAUD, J. L. The linear relationship between the proportion of fresh grass in the cow diet, milk fatty acid composition, and butter properties. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 89, n. 6, p. 1956-1969, 2006. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72263-9
DETMANN, E.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; BERCHIELLI, T. T.; CABRAL, L. S.; LADEIRA, M. M.; SOUZA, M. A.; QUEIROZ, A. C.; SALIBA, E. O. S.; PINA, D. P.; AZEVEDO, J. A. G. Métodos para análise de alimentos. Visconde do Rio Branco: Suprema, 2012. 214 p.
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FERLAY, A.; MARTIN, B.; LERCH, S.; GOBERT, M.; PRADEL, P.; CHILLIARD, Y. Effects of supplementation of maize silage diets with extruded linseed, vitamin E and plant extracts rich in polyphenols, and morning v. evening milking on milk fatty acid profiles in Holstein and Montbeliárde cows. Animal, Cambridge, v. 4, n. 4, p. 627-640, 2010. DOI: 10.1017/S1751731109991224
GAMA, M. A. S.; GARNSWORTHY, P. C.; GRIINARI, J. M.; LEME, P. R.; RODRIGUES, P. H. M.; SOUZA, L. W. O.; LANNA, D. P. D. Diet-induced milk fat depression: association with changes in milk fatty acid composition and fluidity of milk fat. Livestock Science, Amsterdan, v. 115, n. 2-3, p. 319-331, 2008. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2007.08.006
GONZALEZ, S.; DUNCAN, S. E.; O’KEEFE, S. F.; SUMNER, S. S.; HERBEIN, J. H. Oxidation and textural characteristics of butter and ice cream with modified fatty acid profiles. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 86, n. 1, p. 70-77, 2003. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)73585-1
HARTMAN, L.; LAGO, R. C. A. Rapid preparation of fatty acid methyl esters from lipids. Laboratory Practice, London, v. 22, n. 6, p. 475-476, 494, 1973. Available at: <https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 18441624_Rapid_preparation_of_fatty_acid_methyl_esters>. Accessed at: 11 apr. 2019.
JENKINS, T. C. Lipid metabolism in the rumen. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 76, n. 12, p. 3851-3863, 1993. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(93)77727-9
JENKINS, T. C.; HARVATINE, K. J. Lipids feeding and milk fat depression. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, Amsterdan, v. 30, n. 3, p. 623-642, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.cvfa.2014.07.006
KADEGOWDA, A. K. G.; BIONAZ, M.; PIPEROVA, L. S.; ERDMAN, R. A.; LOOR, J. J. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ activation and long-chain fatty acids alter lipogenic gene networks in bovine mammary epithelial cells to various extents. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 92, n. 9, p. 4276-4289, 2009. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2008-1932
KLIEM, K. E.; SHINGFIELD, K. J. Manipulation of milk fatty acid composition in lactating cows: Opportunities and challenges. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, Weinheim, v. 118, n. 11, p. 1661-1683, 2016. DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400543
LESKINEN, H.; VIITALA, S.; MUTIKAINEN, M.; KAIRENIUS, P.; TAPIO, I.; TAPONEN, J.; BERNARD, L.; VILKKI, J.; SHINGFIELD, K. J. Ruminal infusions of Cobalt EDTA modify milk fatty acid composition via decreases in fatty acid desaturation and altered gene expression in the mammary gland of lactating cows. The Journal of Nutrition, Oxford, v. 146, n. 5, p. 976-985, 2016. DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.226100
LIN, M. P.; SIMS, C. A.; STAPLED, C. R.; O’KEEFE, S. F. Flavor quality and texture of modified fatty acid high monoene, low saturate butter. Food Research International, Amsterdan, v. 29, n. 3-4, p. 367-371, 1996. DOI: 10.1016/0963-9969(96)00017-8
LOPES, F. C. F.; SILVA, B. C. M.; ALMEIDA, M. M.; GAMA, M. A. S. da. Lácteos naturalmente enriquecidos com ácidos graxos benéficos à saúde. In: MARTINS, P. C.; PICCININI, G. A.; KRUG, E. E. B.; MARTINS, C. E.; LOPES, F. C. F. Sustentabilidade ambiental, social e econômica da cadeia produtiva do leite: desafios e perspectivas. Brasília: Embrapa, 2015. p. 237-309. Available at: https://ainfo.cnptia. embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/128155/1/Cap-13-Lv-2015-Sustentabilidade-Lacteos.pdf. Accessed at: 16 aug. 2018.
MAIA, M. R. G.; CHAUDHARY, L. C.; BESTWICK, C. S.; RICHARDSON, A. J.; MCKAIN, N.; LARSON, T. R.; GRAHAM, I. A.; WALLACE, R. J. Toxicity of unsaturated fatty acids to the biohydrogenating ruminal bacterium, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens. BMC Microbiology, London, v. 10, n. 52, p x-x, 2010. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-52.
MANNAI, H.; CHARBONNEAU, É.; FADUL-PACHECO, L.; PELLERIN, D.; CHOUINARD, P. Y. An appraisal of the concept of Rumen Unsaturated Fatty Acid Load and its relation to milk fat concentration using data from commercial dairy farms. The Professional Animal Scientist, Amsterdan, v. 32, n. 5, p. 665-671, 2016. DOI: 10.15232/pas.2016-01526
MÄNTYSAARI, P.; KHALILI, H.; SARIOLA, J. Effect of feeding frequency of a total mixed ration on the performance of high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 89, n. 11, p. 4312-4320, 2006. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72478-X
MARTIN, B.; VERDIER-METZ, I.; BUCHIN, S.; HURTAUD, C.; COULON, J. B. How do the nature of forages and pasture diversity influence the sensory quality of dairy livestock products? Animal Science, Cambridge, v. 81, n. 2, p. 205-212, 2005. DOI: 10.1079/ASC50800205
McKAIN, N.; SHINGFIELD, K. J.; WALLACE, R. J. Metabolism of conjugated linoleic acids and 18:1 fatty acids by ruminal bacteria: products and mechanisms. Microbiology, London, v. 156, n. 2, p. 579-588, 2010. DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.036442-0
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrients requirements of dairy cattle. 7. ed. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 2001. 381p.
PEREIRA, A. V.; MORENZ, M. J. F.; LEDO, F. J. S.; FERREIRA, R. P. Capim elefante: versatilidades de usos na pecuária de leite. In: VILELA, D.; FERREIRA, R. P.; FERNANDES, E. N.; JUNTOLLI, F. V. (Ed.). Pecuária de leite no Brasil: cenários e avanços tecnológicos. Brasília: Embrapa, 2016, p. 187-211.
PITTA, D. W.; INDUGU, N.; VECCHIARELLI, B.; RICO, D. E.; HARVATINE, K. J. Alterations in ruminal bacterial populations at induction and recovery from diet-induced milk fat depression in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 101, n. 1, p. 295-309, 2018. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12514
RABIEE, A. R.; BREINHILD, K.; SCOTT, W.; GOLDER, H. M.; BLOCK, E.; LEAN, I. J. Effect of fat additions to diets of dairy cattle on milk production and components: A meta-analysis and meta-regression. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 95, n. 6, p. 3225-3247, 2012. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4895
RIBEIRO, C. G. S.; LOPES, F. C. F.; GAMA, M. A. S.; MORENZ, M. J. F.; RODRIGUEZ, N. M. Desempenho produtivo e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas que receberam níveis crescentes de óleo de girassol em dietas à base de capim-elefante. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Belo Horizonte, v. 66, n. 5, p. 1513-1521, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/1678-6886
RIBEIRO, C. G. S.; LOPES, F. C. F.; GAMA, M. A. S.; RODRIGUEZ, N. M.; MORENZ, M. J. F. Ruminal fermentation and degradation, kinetic flow of the digesta and milk fatty acid composition of cows fed chopped elephantgrass supplemented with soybean oil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 39, n. 4, p. 1775-1794, 2018. DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1775
RICO, D. E.; MARSHALL, E. R.; CHOI, J.; KAYLEGIAN, K. E.; DECHOW, C. D.; HARVATINE, K. J. Within-milking variation in milk composition and fatty acid profile of Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, Champaign, v. 97, n. 7, p. 4259-4268, 2014. DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-7731
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2019-07-04
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Lopes, F. C. F., Ribeiro, C. G. S., Rodriguez, N. M., Gama, M. A. S. da, Morenz, M. J. F., Antoniassi, R., & Bizzo, H. R. (2019). Butter fatty acid composition as a function of soybean oil supplementation and time of milking, and performance of Holstein x Gyr cows fed with chopped elephant grass-based diets. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(5), 2025–2044. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p2025
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