Comparative epidemiology of late blight and early blight of potato under different environmental conditions and fungicide application programs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1805Keywords:
Alternaria grandis, Disease control, Foliar disease, Phytophthora infestans, Solanum tuberosum.Abstract
Three experiments were carried out in an experimental field from Viçosa city, Minas Gerais, Brazil, to compare late blight (LB) (Phytophthora infestans) and early blight (EB) (Alternaria grandis) epidemics under different environmental conditions and fungicide application programs. Each experiment consisted of two side-by-side trials that were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five replications. At 30 days after planting the potato (‘Ágata’ cultivar) plants in plots of trials 1 and 2 were inoculated with an isolate of P. infestans (A2 mating type) and four isolates of A. grandis, respectively. Fungicide applications were initiated at seven days after inoculation and repeated at 7- or 15-day intervals. The severity of LB and EB was assessed every two days, and the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for both diseases. The yield was quantified by weighing the tubers of all the plants from each plot after their maturation. Yield data were converted into kg ha-1 and the percentage of loss was calculated for each treatment. Based on the AUDPC, the LB severity was greater than the EB severity under all three environmental conditions, and this was reflected in the yield. LB and EB caused yield losses as high as of 82 and 45%, respectively. The fungicide effects on both LB and EB and the associated yield losses changed according to the environmental conditions, therefore, indicating the importance of using tools such as a forecast system to help farmers to decide the best time for fungicide application.Downloads
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References
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JOHNSON, K. B.; TENG, P. S. Coupling a disease progress model for early-blight to model of potato growth. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v. 80, n. 1, p. 416-425, 1990. DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-80-416
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RODRIGUES, T. T. M. S.; BERBEE, M. L.; SIMMONS, E. G.; CARDOSO, C. R.; REIS, A.; MAFFIA, L. A.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. First report of Alternaria tomatophila and A. grandis causing early blight on tomato and potato in Brazil. New Disease Report, v. 22. n. 28, p. 28-28, 2010. DOI: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2010.022.028
ROTEM, L. The genus Alternaria: biology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. Saint Paul: APS Press, 1994, 326 p.
SHANER, G.; FINNEY, R. E. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow-mildewing resistance in knox wheat. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v. 67, n. 8, p. 1051-1056, 1977. DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-67-1051
SHTIENBERG, D.; BLACHINSKY, D.; BEN-HADOR, G.; DINOOR, A. Effects of growing season and fungicide type on the development of Alternaria solani and on potato yield. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 80, n. 9, p. 994-998, 1996. DOI: 10.1094/PD-80-0994
SHUMAN, J. L.; CHRIST, B. J. Integrating a host-resistance factor into the Fast system to forecast early blight of potato. American Journal of Potato Research, v. 82, n. 9, p. 9-19, 2005. DOI: 10.1007/BF02894915
SIMMONS, E. G. Alternaria themes and variations (244-286) species on solanaceae. Mycotaxon, v. 75, n. 1, p. 1-115, 2000.
SUASSUNA, N. D.; MAFFIA, L. A.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. Aggressiveness and host specificity of Brazilian isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Pathology, Chichester, v. 53, n. 4, p. 405-413, 2004. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01043.x
TÖFOLI, J. G.; DOMINGUES, R. J.; GARCIA JUNIOR, O.; KUROZAWA, C. Controle da pinta preta do tomateiro por fungicidas e seus impactos na produção. Summa Phytopathologica, Botucatu, v. 29, n. 3, p. 225-233, 2003.
ZAMBOLIM, L.; DUARTE, H. S. S.; ZAMBOLIM, E. M. Medidas integradas de controle das doenças fúngicas da batata. In: ZAMBOLIM, L. Produção integrada da batata. Visconde do Rio Branco: Suprema Gráfica, 2011. Cap. 11, p. 411-438.
ANDRADE-PIEDRA, J. L.; HIJMANS, R. J.; JUÁREZ, H. S.; FORBES, G. A.; SHTIENBERG, D.; FRY, W. E. Simulation of potato late blight in the Andes. II: validation of the LATEBLIGHT model. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v. 95, n. 10, p. 1200-1208, 2005. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-95-1200
ARANA, R. O. C.; ZAMBOLIM, L.; COSTA, L. C. Potato early blight epidemics and comparison of methods to determine its initial symptoms in a potato field. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía, Medellin, v. 60, n. 2, p. 3877-3890, 2007.
AYLOR, D. E.; FRY, W. E.; MAYTON, H.; ANDRADE PIEDRA, J. L. Quantifying the rate of release and escape of Phytophthora infestans sporangia from a potato canopy. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v. 91, n. 12, p. 1189-1196, 2001. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO.2001.91.12.1189
CARDOSO, C. R. Agressividade de Alternaria tomatophila, A. grandis e A. solani em Batateira e Tomateiro. 2010. Dissertação (Mestrado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.
CASTRO, M. E. A.; ZAMBOLIM, L.; CHAVES, G. M.; CRUZ, C. D.; MATSUOKA, K. Variabilidade patogênica de Alternaria solani, agente causal da pinta-preta do tomateiro. Summa Phytopathologica, Botucatu, v. 26, n. 1, p. 24-28, 2000.
DITA-RODRIGUEZ, M. A.; BROMMONSCHENKEL, S. H.; MATSUOKA, K.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. Components of resistance to early blight in four potato cultivars: effect of leaf position. Journal of Phytopathology, Berlin, v. 154, n. 4, p. 230-235, 2006. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0434.2006.01089.x
DUARTE, H. S. S.; ZAMBOLIM, L.; CAPUCHO, A. S.; NOGUEIRA JUNIOR, A. F.; ROSADO, A. W. C.; CARDOSO, C. R.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G.; PAUL, P. A. Development and validation of a set of standard area diagrams to estimate severity of potato early blight. European Journal of Plant Pathology, v. 137, n. 2, p. 249-257, 2013. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-013-0234-3
DUARTE, H. S. S.; ZAMBOLIM, L.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G.; PADUA, J. G.; RIBEIRO JUNIOR, J. I.; CARMO, E. L.; NOGUEIRA JUNIOR, A. F. The field resistance of potato cultivars to foliar late blight and its relationship with foliage maturity type and skin type in Brazil. Australasian Plant Pathology, v. 41, n. 2, p. 139-155, 2012. DOI: 10.1007/s13313-011-0102-6
DUARTE, H. S. S.; ZAMBOLIM, L.; RODRIGUES, F. A.; PAUL, P. A.; PADUA, J. G.; RIBEIRO JUNIOR, J. I.; NOGUEIRA JUNIOR, A. F.; ROSADO, A. W. Field resistance of potato cultivars to foliar early blight and its relationship with foliage maturity and tuber skin types. Tropical Plant Pathology, Brasília, v. 39, n. 4, p. 294-306, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/S1982-56762014000400004
DUARTE, H. S. S.; ZAMBOLIM, L.; RODRIGUES, F. Á.; RIOS, J. Á. Efeito do silicato de potássio isoladamente ou em mistura com fungicida no controle da requeima da batateira. Summa Phytopathologica, Botucatu, v. 34, n. 1, p. 68-70, 2008. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-54052008000100014
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION - FAO. 2018. Available at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC. Acessed at: 26 mar. 2018.
FRY, W. E. Integrated control of potato late blight: effects of polygenic resistance and techniques of timing fungicide applications. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v. 67, n. 1, p. 415-420, 1977. DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-67-415
GLEASON, M. L.; MACNAB, A. A.; PITBLADO, R. E.; RICKER, M. D.; EAST, D. A.; LATIN, R. X. Disease-warning systems for processing tomatoes in eastern North America: are we there yet? Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 79, n. 2, p. 113-121, 1995. DOI: 10.1094/PD-79-0113
GUENTHNER, J. F.; WIESE, M. V.; PAVLISTA, A. D.; SIECZKA, J. B.; WYMAN, J. Assessment of pesticide use in the US potato industry. American Journal of Potato Research, v. 76, n. 1, p. 25-29, 1999. DOI: 10.1007/BF02853554
JAMES, W. C. An illustrated series of assessment keys for plant disease, their preparation and usage. Canadian Plant Disease Survey, v. 51, n. 2, p. 39-65, 1971.
JOHNSON, K. B.; TENG, P. S. Coupling a disease progress model for early-blight to model of potato growth. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v. 80, n. 1, p. 416-425, 1990. DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-80-416
KRANZ, J. The methodology of comparative epidemiology. In: KRANZ, J.; ROTEM, J. Experimental techniques in plant disease epidemiology. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1988. Cap. 20, p. 279-290.
LIMA, M. A.; MAFFIA, L. A.; BARRETO, R. W.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. Phytophthora infestans in a subtropical region: survival on tomato debris, temporal dynamics of airborne sporangia and alternative hosts. Plant Pathology, Chichester, v. 58, n. 1 p. 87-99, 2009. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2008.01951.x
MAZIERO, J. M. N.; MAFFIA, L. A.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. Effects of temperature on events in the infection cycle of two clonal lineages of Phytophthora infestans causing late blight on tomato and potato in Brazil. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 93, n. 5, p. 459-466, 2009. DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-93-5-0459
MELO, P. C. T.; GRANJA, N. P.; MIRANDA FILHO, H. S.; SUGAWARA, A. C.; OLIVEIRA, R. F. Análise do crescimento da cultivar de batata Ágata. Batata Show, Itapetininga, v. 8, n. 8, p. 16-17, 2003.
MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. Requeima ou mela da batata e do tomate. In: LUZ, E. D. N.; SANTOS, A. F.; MATSUOKA, K.; BEZERRA, J. L. Doenças causadas por Phytophthora no Brasil. Campinas: Livraria Editora Rural, 2001. Cap. 8, p. 100-174.
OLIVEIRA, S. A. S. Genetic structure, aggressiveness and fungicide sensitivity of Phytophthora infestans populations from the south and southeast regions of Brazil. 2010. Tese (Doutorado em Fitopatologia) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG.
RODRIGUES, T. T. M. S.; BERBEE, M. L.; SIMMONS, E. G.; CARDOSO, C. R.; REIS, A.; MAFFIA, L. A.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. First report of Alternaria tomatophila and A. grandis causing early blight on tomato and potato in Brazil. New Disease Report, v. 22. n. 28, p. 28-28, 2010. DOI: 10.5197/j.2044-0588.2010.022.028
ROTEM, L. The genus Alternaria: biology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity. Saint Paul: APS Press, 1994, 326 p.
SHANER, G.; FINNEY, R. E. The effect of nitrogen fertilization on the expression of slow-mildewing resistance in knox wheat. Phytopathology, Saint Paul, v. 67, n. 8, p. 1051-1056, 1977. DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-67-1051
SHTIENBERG, D.; BLACHINSKY, D.; BEN-HADOR, G.; DINOOR, A. Effects of growing season and fungicide type on the development of Alternaria solani and on potato yield. Plant Disease, Saint Paul, v. 80, n. 9, p. 994-998, 1996. DOI: 10.1094/PD-80-0994
SHUMAN, J. L.; CHRIST, B. J. Integrating a host-resistance factor into the Fast system to forecast early blight of potato. American Journal of Potato Research, v. 82, n. 9, p. 9-19, 2005. DOI: 10.1007/BF02894915
SIMMONS, E. G. Alternaria themes and variations (244-286) species on solanaceae. Mycotaxon, v. 75, n. 1, p. 1-115, 2000.
SUASSUNA, N. D.; MAFFIA, L. A.; MIZUBUTI, E. S. G. Aggressiveness and host specificity of Brazilian isolates of Phytophthora infestans. Plant Pathology, Chichester, v. 53, n. 4, p. 405-413, 2004. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3059.2004.01043.x
TÖFOLI, J. G.; DOMINGUES, R. J.; GARCIA JUNIOR, O.; KUROZAWA, C. Controle da pinta preta do tomateiro por fungicidas e seus impactos na produção. Summa Phytopathologica, Botucatu, v. 29, n. 3, p. 225-233, 2003.
ZAMBOLIM, L.; DUARTE, H. S. S.; ZAMBOLIM, E. M. Medidas integradas de controle das doenças fúngicas da batata. In: ZAMBOLIM, L. Produção integrada da batata. Visconde do Rio Branco: Suprema Gráfica, 2011. Cap. 11, p. 411-438.
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2019-07-04
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Duarte, H. da S. S., Zambolim, L., Machado, F. J., Porto, H. R. P., & Rodrigues, F. A. (2019). Comparative epidemiology of late blight and early blight of potato under different environmental conditions and fungicide application programs. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(5), 1805–1818. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1805
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