Evaluation of different transmission routes of Cystoisospora suis in a farm using prophylactic toltrazuril
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1695Keywords:
Anticoccidial, Coccidiosis, Pig.Abstract
Coccidiosis is an enteric disease caused by protozoa, especially Cystoisospora suis which can lead to large losses in production. Its transmission occurs through different routes, mainly affecting piglets in the first weeks of life and normally progressing with diarrhea unresponsive to antibiotic therapy. The objective of this work was to evaluate, in two seasons of the year, the occurrence of C. suis in piglets and sows, the transmission routes and source of infection and the influence of the preventive use of toltrazuril on these epidemiological parameters. Two experiments were carried out, the first being in winter; under the influence of prophylactic use of toltrazuril; and the second in the summer, six months after the suspension of the prophylactic use of toltrazuril. The study included 36 sows (18 controls, 18 treated toltrazuril). The following samples were collected: rest of the sows, water from the individual drinkers in each cage, organic swabs present in the keepers' shoes, environmental swabs pre and housing, present in the cages in the rooms and accumulations of the maternity cage. As were disclosed to coproparaological and PCR exams. The presence of C. bebe ocysts is the winter and summer control following samples: sow feces (2.84%) of the winter and summer control groups (7.60%) of the winter and summer treated groups and the treated group winter and summer, rectal swabs from litters (9.03%) in the control and treated groups in winter, collected from the environment (20.22%) from all groups. Like others, they were negative for the presence of the parasite. There was no difference between the control and toltrazuril groups and no positive samples were observed in the summer. The possible route of transmission of the agent in the present work was the water from the douros. Preventive therapy with toltrazuril in farms with low infection pressure is not necessary to control C. suis.References
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Spinosa, H. S., Górniak, S. L., & Bernardi, M. M. (2002). Farmacologia aplicada à medicina veterinária. Guanabara-Koogan.
Calderaro, F. F., Baccaro, M. R., Moreno, A. M., Ferreira, A. J. P., Jerez, A. J., & Pena, H. J. F. (2001) Frequência de agentes causadores de enterites em leitões lactentes provenientes de sistemas de produção de suínos do estado de São Paulo. Arquivo do Instituto Biológico, 68(1), 29-34.
D’Alencar, A. S., Faustina, M. A. G., Sousa, D. P., Lima, M. M., & Alves, L. C. (2006). Infecção por helmintos e coccídios em criação de suínos de sistema confinado localizado no município de Camaragibe-PE. Ciência Veterinária nos Trópicos, 9(2/3), 79-86.
León, J. C. P., & Borges, N. S. (2018). Aspectos de la dinámica de infección de Cystoisospora suis en lechones lactantes de una granja piloto del estado Carabobo, Venezuela. Revista Científica, 28(1), 42-51.
Linhares, G. F. C., Sobestiansky, J., Linhares, D., Barcellos, D., Moreno, A. M., & Matos, M. P. C. (2012). Doenças dos Suínos. Cânone Editorial.
Lippke, R. T., Borowski, S. M., Marques, S. M. T., Paesi, S. O., Almeida, L. L., Moreno, A. M., Corbellini, L. G., & Barcellos, D. E. S. N. (2011). Matched case-control study evaluating the frequency of the main agents associated with neonatal diarrhea in piglets. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 31(6), 505-510. doi: 10.1590/S0100-736X2011000600008
Maes, D., Vyt, P., Rabaes, P., & Gevaert, D. (2007). Effects of toltrazuril on the growth of piglets in herds without clinical isosporosis. The Veterinary Journal, 173(1), 197-199. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.07.002
Meyer, C., Joachim, A., & Daugschies, A. (1999). Ocurrence of Isospora suis in larger piglet production units and on specialized piglet rearing farms. Veterinary Parasitology, 82(4), 277-284. doi: 10.1016/S0304-40 17(99)00027-8
Mundt, H. C., Cohnen, A., Daugschies, A., Joachim, A., Prosl, H., Schmäschke, R., & Westphal, B. (2005). Ocurrence of Isospora suis in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. B, Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health, 52(2), 93-97. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.2005.00824.x
Mundt, H. C., Joaquim, A., Becka, M., & Daugschies, A. (2006). Isospora suis: an experimental model for mammalian intestinal coccidiosis. Parasitology Research, 98(2), 167-175. doi: 10.1007/s00436-005-003 0-x
Nishi, S. M., Gennari, S. M., Lisboa, M. N. T. S., Silvestrim, A., Caproni, L., Jr., & Humehara, O. (2000). Parasitas intestinais em suínos confinados nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 67(2), 199-203.
Paiva, D. P. de. (1996). Suinocultura dinâmica - Isosporose suína. (Periódico Técnico-Informativo). EMBRAPA-CNPSA.
Ruiz, V. L. A., Bersano, J. G., Carvalho, A. F., Catroxo, M. H. B., Chiebaod, P., Gregori, F., Miyashiro, S., Nassar, A. F. C., Oliveira, T. M. F. S., Ogata, R. A., Scarcelli, E. P., & Tonietti, P. O. (2016). Case-control study of pathogens involved in piglet diarrhea. BMC Research Notes, 9(22), 1-7. doi: 10.1186/s13104-01 5-1751-2
Samarasinghe, B., Johnson, J., & Ryan, U. (2008). Phylogenetic analysis of Cystoisospora species at the rRNA ITS1 locus and development of a PCR-RFLP assay. Experimental Parasitology, 118(4), 592-595. doi: 10. 1016/j.exppara.2007.10.015
Sartor, A. A., Bellato, V., Souza, A. P. de, & Cantelli, C. R. (2007). Prevalência das espécies de Eimeria Schneider, 1875 e Isospora Schneider, 1881 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) parasitas de suínos do município de Videira, SC, Brasil. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, 6(1), 38-43.
Sistema Meteorológico do Paraná (2019). Dados meteorológicos de Palotina - PR. SIMEPAR.
Sotiraki, S., Roepstorff, A., Nielsen, J. P., Maddox-Hyttel, C., Enoe, C., Boes, J., Murrell, K. D., & Thamsborg, S. M. (2008). Population dynamics and intra-litter transmission patterns of Isospora suis in suckling under on-farm conditions. Parasitology, 135(4), 395-405. doi: 10.1017/S0031182007003952
Spinosa, H. S., Górniak, S. L., & Bernardi, M. M. (2002). Farmacologia aplicada à medicina veterinária. Guanabara-Koogan.
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2022-05-10
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Lara, A. A., Bregonde, R. B., Candeias, A. P. M., Dahm, V., Alberton, G. C., Santos, A. L. dos, & Osaki, S. C. (2022). Evaluation of different transmission routes of Cystoisospora suis in a farm using prophylactic toltrazuril. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(4), 1695–1704. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1695
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