Economic viability of implementing an infrastructure for recycling bedding sand from a free-stall facility for dairy cows
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p361Keywords:
Scenario analysis, Dairy cattle farming, Profitability indicators, Reuse, Sustainability.Abstract
This study proposes to examine the economic viability of implementing the necessary infrastructure for the recycling of bedding sand from a free-stall facility in a milk production system in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. In specific terms, the total production cost (TC), total operating cost (TOC) and effective operating cost (EOC) of a cubic meter of recycled sand were estimated in order to estimate the total sand consumption for the free-stall system and per bed year-1 as well as the equilibrium point of the amount of recycled sand, in cubic meters. The experiment was carried out on a farm located in the south of Minas Gerais from January 2016 to December 2017. Three scenarios were analyzed by the tree-point estimation method (MOP - most likely, optimistic, and pessimistic). Utilization of 85%, 95% and 75% of the recycled sand was considered for scenarios 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In all of them, the value charged per cubic meter of sand by a supplier close to the farm was considered. Monte Carlo simulation was also carried out with hurdle rates (HR) of up to 90%. Under the studied conditions, sand recycling showed to be economically viable in all scenarios, with positive net present values (NPV), internal rates of return above the HR, simple and discounted payback below the 10-year horizon, and satisfactory cost benefit-1 ratios (greater than 1). The EOC of one cubic meter of recycled sand was estimated at R$5.04, R$4.51 and R$5.72 for scenarios 1, 2 and 3, respectively, whereas the average TC, considering all scenarios, was R$6.84 (+0.81), which is less than the acquisition price of R$28.57 at the sand extraction site. The TC was R$37,219.51 and R$34,637.74 for the scenarios with HR of 8.50 and 6.99%, respectively, whereas TOC was R$22,572.08 in all analyzed scenarios. The estimated total annual sand consumption by the free-stall system was 526.44 m³, with an estimated average of 1.23 m³ (+0.28) bed-1 year-1. All Monte Carlo simulation models showed positive NPV as well as HR of up to 90%, which reflect a high probability of positive NPV.References
Banco Central do Brasil (2018). Dólar americano. Recuperado de http://www4.bcb.gov.br/pec/taxas/port/ ptaxnpesq.asp?id=t xcotacao.
Barbari, M., Monti, M., Rossi, G., Simonini, S., & Guerri, F. S. (2014a). Proposal for a simple method of structural calculation for ordinary earthen buildings in rural areas. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 12(2), 897-903. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275291723_ Proposal_for_a_simple_method_of_structural_calculation_for_ordinary_earthen_buildings_in_rural_areas
Barbari, M., Monti, M., Rossi, G., Simonini, S., & Guerri, F. S. (2014b). Simple methods and tools to determine the mechanical strength of adobe in rural areas. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 12(2), 904-909. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275292515_Simple_methods_ and_tools_to_determine_the_mechanical_strength_of_adobe_in_rural_areas
Bradley, A. J., Leach, K. A., Green, M. J., Gibbons, J., Ohnstad, I. C., Black, D. H.,… Breen, J. E. (2018). The impact of dairy cows’ bedding material and its microbial content on the quality and safety of milk: a cross sectional study of UK farms. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 269, 36-45. doi: 10. 1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.12.022
Brondino, O. C., Silva, J. P. G., & Brondino, N. C. M. (2014). O problema do descarte da areia de fundição: ensino para o desenvolvimento sustentável. Anais da Engenharia: Múltiplos Saberes e Atuações, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil. Recuperado de http://www.abenge.org.br/cobenge/arquivos/5/Artigos/129851.pdf
Chenço, E. C. (2016). Fundamentos em finanças. Curitiba: IESDE Brasil AS.
Conti, L., Goli, G., Monti, M., Pellegrini, P., Rossi, G., & Barbari, M. (2017). Simplified method for the characterization of Rectangular Straw Bales (RSB) thermal conductivity. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 245(5), 052035. doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052035
Cook, S., Weitzman, M., Auinger, P., Nguyen, M., & Dietz, W. H. (2003). Prevalence of a metabolic syndrome phenotype in adolescents: findings from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 157(8), 821-827. doi: 10.1001/ archpedi.157.8.821
Espejo, L. A., Endres, M. I., & Salfer, J. A. (2006). Prevalence of lameness in high-producing Holstein cows housed in freestall barns in Minnesota. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(8), 3052-3058. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0 022-0302(06)72579-6
Haack, S. C., & Oliveira, G. G. de. (2013). Análise de viabilidade econômica e financeira de projetos sustentáveis no setor energético: estudo de caso para implantação de biodigestores no semiárido baiano. Revista Econômica do Nordeste, 44(Supl.), 363-382. Recuperado de https://ren.emnuvens.com.br/ren/ article/view/36/18
Haraguchi, M., Siddiqi, A., & Narayanamurti, V. (2019). Stochastic cost-benefit analysis of urban waste-to-energy systems. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224(3), 751-765. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.099
Kristula, M. A., Rogers, W., Hogan, J. S., & Sabo, M. (2005). Comparison of bacteria populations in clean and recycled sand used for bedding in dairy facilities. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(12), 4317-4325. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)73118-0
Kumar, P., Elsaidi, H., Zorniak, B., Laurens, E., Yang, J., Bacchu, V.,… Wiebe, L. (2016). Synthesis and biological evaluation of iodoglucoazomycin (I-GAZ), an azomycin-glucose adduct with putative applications in diagnostic imaging and radiotherapy of hypoxic tumors. ChemMedChem, 11(15), 1638-1645. doi: 10.1002/cmdc.201600213
Lage, L. A., Lopes, M. A., Lopes, F. C. F., Gama, M. A. S., Ribeiro, C. G. S., Rodríguez, N. M., & Demeu, F. A. (2016). Economic feasibility of adding sunflower oil to elephant grass-based diets of lactating dairy cows. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(4, Supl. 1), 2313-2320. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37 n4Supl1p2313
Laponni, J. (2007). Projetos de investimento na empresa. Rio de Janeiro: Elsevier Brasil.
Lelles, L. C., Silva, E., Griffith, J. J., & Martins, S. V. (2005). Perfil ambiental qualitativo da extração de areia em cursos d’água. Revista Árvore, 29(3), 439-444. doi: 10.1590/S0100-67622005000300011
Leso, L., Conti, L., Rossi, G., & Barbari, M. (2018). Criteria of design for deconstruction applied to dairy cows housing: a case study in Italy. Agronomy Research, 16, 794-805. doi: 10.15159/AR.18.085
Lopes, M. A., Junqueira, L. V., Bruhn, F. R. P., Demeu, A. A., & Silva, M. das D. (2017). Technical efficiency and economic viability of different cattle identification methods allowed by the Brazilian traceability system. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 38(1), 467-480. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n1 p467
Lopes, M. A., Moraes, F. de, Bruhn, F. R. P., Carvalho, F. de M., Lima, A. L. R., Reis, B. E. M., & Viafara, J. A. S. (2019). Análisis de la rentabilidad de la actividad lechera de propriedades participantes del programa “Balde Cheio”. Revista de Medicina Veterinaria, 38(1), 15-27. doi: 10.19052/mv.vol1.iss38.2
Lopes, M. A., Reis, E. M. B., Demeu, F. A., Mesquita, A. A., Rocha, A. G. F., Pelegrini, D. F.,... Teixeira, F. E. P., Jr. (2016). Uso de ferramentas de gestão na atividade leiteira: um estudo de caso no sul de Minas Gerais. Revista Científica de Produção Animal, 18(1), 26-44. doi: 10.25066/agrotec.v39i1.34302
Lopes, M. A., Vieira, J. A., Lima, F. H. S. de, Demeu, F. A., Bruhn, F. R. P., Pereira, A.,… Casas, P. S. (2018). Technical and economic efficiency of bovine weighing methods. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 39(3), 1167-1180. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n3p1167
Moraes, F., Lopes, M. A., Carvalho, F. M., Peres, A. A. C., Bruhn, F. R. P., Lima, A. L. R., & Cardoso, M. G. (2018). Effect of the scale of production on the cost-effectiveness of milk production systems belonging to the “Balde Cheio” program. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 39(3), 1211-1224. doi: 10.5433/ 1679-0359.2018v39n3p1211
Norring, M., Manninen, E., Passille, A. M. de, Rushen, J., Munksgaard, L., & Saloniemi, H. (2008). Effects of sand and straw bedding on the lying behavior, cleanliness, and hoof and hock injuries of dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 91(2), 570-576. doi: 10.3168/jds.2007-0452
Oliveira, A. D., & Macedo, R. L. G. (1996). Sistemas agroflorestais: considerações técnicas e econômicas. (Projeto de Consultoria). Lavras: Ed. UFLA.
Oliveira, M. H. F., Almeida, M. R., & Rebelatto, D. A. N. (2009). Avaliação de investimentos sob condições de incerteza: a aplicação do método de Monte Carlo em um estudo de caso no setor sucroalcoleiro. Anais do Encontro Nacional de Engenharia de Produção. A Engenharia de Produção e o Desenvolvimento Sustentável: Integrando Tecnologia e Gestão, Salvador, BA, Brasil, 29.
Pelegrini, D. P., Lopes, M. A., Demeu, F. A., Rocha, A. G. F., Bruhn, F. R. P., & Casas, O. S. (2019). Effect of socioeconomic factors on the yields of family-operated milk production systems. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(3), 1199-1214. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1199
Portal Brasil (2017). Caderneta de poupança: índices mensais: rendimentos creditados no dia 1º de cada mês. Brasília, DF. Recuperado de http://www.portalbrasil.net/poupanca_mensal.htm
Rocha, Á. G. F., & Gaworski, M. (2017). Sand losses out the pens in barn with free-stall housing system. Agronomy Research, 15(2), 530-539. Recuperado de https://agronomy.emu.ee/wp-content/uploads/ 2017/04/Vol15nr2_Rocha.pdf#abstract-5154
Rossi, G., Conti, L., Bambi, G., Monti, M., & Barbari, M. (2018). Poultry farming solutions for a sustainable development of marshlands areas of South Iraq. Agronomy Research, 16(2), 574-581. doi: 10.15159/ AR.18.058
Tobias, A. C., Rocha, A. C., Ferreira, F., & Sousa, M. de M. (2010). Avaliação dos impactos ambientais causados pela extração de areia no leito do rio Piracanjuba, município de Silvania GO. Enciclopédia Biosfera, 6(11), 1-8. Recuperado de https://docplayer.com.br/6797088-Avaliacao-dos-impactos-ambientais-causados-pela-extracao-de-areia-no-leito-do-rio-piracanjuba-municipio-de-silvania-go.html
Torres, O. F. (2006). Fundamentos da engenharia econômica e da análise de projetos. São Paulo: Thomson Learning.
Zdanowicz, M., Shelford, J. A., Tucker, C. B., Weary, D., & Keyserlingk, M. (2004). Bacterial populations on teat ends of dairy cows housed in free stalls and bedded with either sand or sawdust. Journal of Dairy Science, 87(6), 1694-1701. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(04)73322-6
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adopts the CC-BY-NC license for its publications, the copyright being held by the author, in cases of republication we recommend that authors indicate first publication in this journal.
This license allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and develop the material, as long as it is not for commercial purposes. And due credit must be given to the creator.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
The magazine reserves the right to make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language and the credibility of the vehicle. However, it will respect the writing style of the authors. Changes, corrections or suggestions of a conceptual nature will be sent to the authors when necessary.