Thoracic evaluation and cardiac measurement using radiography in opossums (Didelphis albiventris)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1629Keywords:
Cardiology, Marsupials, X-Ray, Wild animals.Abstract
Cardiac measurement by chest X-ray is very important in the cardiac characterization of dogs and cats, however, the wild animal clinic has a different reality. Opossums (Didelphis albiventris) are part of the Brazilian fauna and are frequently referred for clinical and radiographic evaluation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the thorax of skunks and establish the average of VHS and VLAS for these animals. Chest radiographs were performed in lateral and ventrodorsal projections to measure the VHS and VLAS, thoracic depth and tracheal diameter. The mean VHS was 7.85 (± 0.3) for males and 8.12 (± 0.5) for females and the measured VLAS was 1.19 (± 0.2) for both sexes. The mean value for thoracic depth was 1.13 (± 0.03) and the ratio between the diameter of the chest inlet and the diameter of the trachea was 0.25 (± 0.02), with no significant differences between the sexes. This is the first study that addresses the thoracic evaluation by tracheal and cardiac measurements of skunks through radiographic examination.Downloads
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References
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Tappin, S. W. (2016). Canine tracheal collapse. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 57(1), 9-17. doi: 10.1111/ jsap.12436
Vezzosi, T., Puccinelli, C., Tognetti, R., Pelligra, T., & Citi, S. (2020). Radiographic vertebral left atrial size: A reference interval study in healthy adult dogs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 61(5), 507-511. doi: 10.1111/vru.12896
Werther, K. (2014). Semiologia de animais silvestres. In F. L. F. Feitosa (Ed.), Semiologia veterinária: a arte do diagnóstico (3a ed., pp. 723-792). São Paulo.
Zecca, I. B., Hodo, C. L., Slack, S., Auckland, L., & Hamer, S. A. (2020). Trypanosoma cruzi infections and associated pathology in urban-dwelling Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 11, 287-293. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.03.004
Bertassoli, B. M., Santos, A. C., Oliveira, F. D. D., Oliveira, D. M. D., Assis, A. C., Neto, & Carvalho, A. F. (2013). Morfologia da laringe e traqueia de gambás (Didelphis sp.). Ciência Animal Brasileira, 14(2), 222-229. doi: 10.5216/cab.v14i2.17044
Buchanan, J. W., & Bucheler, J. (1995). Vertebral scale system to measure canine heart size in radiographs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 206(2), 194-199.
Cáceres, N. C. (2002). Food habits and seed dispersal by the white-eared opossum, Didelphis albiventris, in southern Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 37(2), 97-104. doi: 10.1076/snfe.37.2. 97.8582
Carnevali, V., Nogueda-Torres, B., Villagran-Herrera, M. E., Diego-Cabrera, J. A. de, Rocha-Chavez, G., & Martinez-Ibarra, J. A. (2017). Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi and organ alterations in Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) from western Mexico - short communication. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 65(4), 505-509. doi: 10.1556/004.2017.048
Castro, M., Tôrres, R., Araújo, R., Muzzi, R., & Silva, E. (2011). Avaliação radiográfica da silhueta cardíaca pelo método vertebral heart size em cães da raça Yorkshire Terrier clinicamente normais. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 63(4), 850-857. doi: 10.1590/S0102-093520110004000 09
Cavalcanti, E. A. N. L. D., Santos, T. C., Passini, Y., Sá, M. L., Bandarra, P. M., Cavalcanti, G. A. O., & França, R. T. (2021). Casuistry of radiographic examinations of wild animals in the southern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from 2017 to 2020. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 73(6), 1-5. doi: 10.1590/1678-4162-12414
Ghadiri, A., Avizeh, R., Rasekh, A., & Yadegari, A. (2008). Radiographic measurement of vertebral heart size in healthy stray cats. Journal of Feline Medical Surgery, 10(1), 61-65. doi: 10.1016/j.jfms.2007.06.015
Harvey, C. E., & Fink, E. A. (1982). Tracheal diameter: analysis of radiographic measurements in brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. Journal American Animal Hospital Association, 18(4), 570-576.
Hashem, M. A., Maetani, F., Kayesh, M. E. H., Eiei, T., Mochizuki, K., Ito, A., Sakurai, H., Asai, T., & Tsukiyama-Kohara, K. (2020). Transmission of Koala Retrovirus from Parent Koalas to a Joey in a Japanese Zoo. Journal of Virology, 94(11), e00019-20. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00019-20
Litster, A. L., & Buchanan, J. W. (2000). Vertebral scale system to measure heart size in radiographs of cats. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 216(2), 210-214. doi: 10.2460/javma.2000.216. 210
Machida, N., Hirose, M., Nakamura, T., & Kiryu, K. (1997). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a common wombat (Vombatus ursinus). Journal of Comparative Pathology, 117(1), 91-94. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9975 (97)80069-2
Marin, L. M., Brown, J., McBrien, C., Baumwart, R., Samii, V. F., & Couto, C. G. (2007). Vertebral heart size in retired racing Greyhounds. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 48(4), 332-334. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2007.00252.x
Mostafa, A. A., & Berry, C. R. (2017). Radiographic assessment of the cardiac silhouette in clinically normal large- and small-breed dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 78(2), 168-177. doi: 10.2460/ajvr. 78.2.168
Myer, C. W., & Bonagura, J. D. (1982). Survey radiography of the heart. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 12(2), 213-237.
Paiz, L. M., Donalisio, M. R., Richini-Pereira, V. B., Motoie, G., Castagna, C. L., & Tolezano, J. E. (2016). Infection by Leishmania spp. in free-ranging opossums (Didelphis albiventris) in an environmentally protected area inhabited by humans in southeastern Brazil. Vector Borne and Zoonotic Disease, 16(11), 728-730. doi: 10.1089/vbz.2016.2001
Rigueira, S. E., Valle, C. M. D. C., Varejão, J. B. M., Albuquerque, P. V. D., & Nogueira, J. C. (1987). Algumas observações sobre o ciclo reprodutivo anual de fêmeas do gambá Didelphis albiventris (Lund, 1841)(Marsupialia, Didelphidae) em populações naturais no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 4(2), 129-137. doi: 10.1590/S0101-81751987000200005
Schilliger, L., & Girling, S. (2019). 68 - Cardiology. In S. J. Divers, & S. J. Stahl (Eds.), Mader's reptile and amphibian medicine and surgery (3nd ed., pp. 669-698.e663). St. Louis (MO).
Souto, C. K., Martín, C. M., Ferrante, B., & Campos Fonseca, A. C. B. de. (2015). Métodos de diagnóstico por imagem para avaliação traqueal em pequenos animais. Revista Acadêmica Ciência Animal, 13(1), 111-123. doi: 10.7213/academica.13.FC.AO12
Stern, A. W., Smith, S., & Snider, T. A. (2009). Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in two captive Bennett's wallabies (Macropus rufogriseus rufogriseus). Jounal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 21(6), 889-892. doi: 10.1177/104063870902100623
Tappin, S. W. (2016). Canine tracheal collapse. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 57(1), 9-17. doi: 10.1111/ jsap.12436
Vezzosi, T., Puccinelli, C., Tognetti, R., Pelligra, T., & Citi, S. (2020). Radiographic vertebral left atrial size: A reference interval study in healthy adult dogs. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound, 61(5), 507-511. doi: 10.1111/vru.12896
Werther, K. (2014). Semiologia de animais silvestres. In F. L. F. Feitosa (Ed.), Semiologia veterinária: a arte do diagnóstico (3a ed., pp. 723-792). São Paulo.
Zecca, I. B., Hodo, C. L., Slack, S., Auckland, L., & Hamer, S. A. (2020). Trypanosoma cruzi infections and associated pathology in urban-dwelling Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana). International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 11, 287-293. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.03.004
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Published
2022-05-10
How to Cite
Cavalcanti, E. A. N. L. D., Cavalcanti, G. A. de O., & França, R. T. (2022). Thoracic evaluation and cardiac measurement using radiography in opossums (Didelphis albiventris). Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(4), 1629–1636. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n4p1629
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