The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties

Authors

  • Diego Viscovini de Carvalho Sallas Universidade Estadual de Londrina
  • Bianca Akemi Kawata Universidade Estadual de Londrina
  • Olívio Fernandes Galão Universidade Estadual de Londrina
  • Luciana Gomes Chagas Johnson Matthey, Blount’s Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, United Kingdom http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8416-3226
  • Paulo Rogério Catarini da Silva Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL
  • Maria Gabriella Detone Guaita Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL
  • Alexandre Urbano Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5057-1982

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2019v40n2p115

Keywords:

Lithium batteries, Sol-gel synthesis, LiCoO2, Crystallography, Crystallite size, Micro-strain.

Abstract

Much of the success of cobalt-based lithium-ion batteries is due to the easy synthesis of HT-LiCoO2 achieved with sol-gel routes. Many sol-gel routes reduced the synthesis temperature from 900 °C - for solid state routes - to 600 °C. However, to obtain the HT-LCO compound by a chemical route at moderate calcinations temperatures, the heating rate at the early stage of the synthesis should be high. However, at high heating rates, a high concentration of energy develops due to the combustion of chelating agents, causing an undesirable great volumetric expansion. Therefore, as a way of minimizing the volumetric expansion effects the heating rate in the synthesis was investigated. X-ray diffraction results showed that using a low heating rate the HT-LCO phase formation requires more than the energy available at 600 °C to be pure and to crystallize in the desired space group. However, for the calcination temperature of 800 °C, only 20 min was sufficient to synthesize a high ordered crystallographic HT-LCO phase. The reduced synthesis time is possibly associated with a high homogenization of the metallic ions since the gel expansion is radically reduced. The LCO synthesized at 800 C for only 20 min showed electrochemical charge capacity of about 140 mAh g-1. It was concluded that by controlling the kinetics during the heating step, in the early stage of the synthesis, the HT-LCO is obtained with high ordered crystallography, although the synthesis time is reduced, therefore enabling a more economically attractive synthesis process.

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Author Biographies

Diego Viscovini de Carvalho Sallas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina

Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Brazil

Bianca Akemi Kawata, Universidade Estadual de Londrina

Department of Physics, State University of Londrina, Brazil

Olívio Fernandes Galão, Universidade Estadual de Londrina

Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Brazil

Luciana Gomes Chagas, Johnson Matthey, Blount’s Court, Sonning Common, Reading, RG4 9NH, United Kingdom

PhD Student in Chemistry at Münster Electrochemical Energy Technology (MEET) at Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany

Paulo Rogério Catarini da Silva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL

Department of Physics, State University of Londrina, Brazil

Maria Gabriella Detone Guaita, Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL

Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, Brazi

Alexandre Urbano, Universidade Estadual de Londrina -UEL

Department of Physics, State University of Londrina, Brazil

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Published

2019-12-18

How to Cite

Sallas, D. V. de C., Kawata, B. A., Galão, O. F., Chagas, L. G., Silva, P. R. C. da, Guaita, M. G. D., & Urbano, A. (2019). The influence of synthesis temperature on the HT-LiCoO2 crystallographic properties. Semina: Ciências Exatas E Tecnológicas, 40(2), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2019v40n2p115

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