Diurnal variations in canine hematological parameters after commercial feed feeding
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2219Palabras clave:
Complete blood count, Dog, Food.Resumen
Complete blood count (CBC) is the evaluation of blood cells, which provides resourceful information. Considering that inadequate fasting time is the most common pre-analytical error in laboratory diagnosis and is associated with lipemia in blood samples, which has not yet been adequately investigated in dogs, this study aimed to assess diurnal postprandial changes in the CBC of healthy dogs fed with industrialized feed. Eighteen clinically healthy dogs aged 2-6 years and weighing over 6 kg were enrolled in the study. All dogs received “Premium” industrialized feed every 12 hours. Blood was collected after a 12-hour fasting period at 6:00 am (baseline), followed by feeding and new blood samples collected hourly for the next 11 consecutive hours. Red blood cell (RBC) counts, red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cell (WBC) counts, platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV) and hemoglobin were obtained using an automated veterinary cell counter. Hematocrit (HTC) was determined by Strumia's microcapillary method, differential leukocyte count was performed on hematological dye-stained blood smears and total plasma protein (TPP) was determined using refractometry. Variables were tested for normality and differences were considered significant when p < 0.05. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the erythrogram from 2 h for RBC and hemoglobin, from 3 h for HTC and from 4 h for MCV, persisting until the end of 11 hours. There was no change in MCHC and RDW. Regarding the leukogram, a significant increase in WBC was observed from 2 to 7 h, due to the increase in segmented neutrophils 2 to 8 h following feeding. Lymphocyte counts decreased significantly at 2 and 6 h following feeding. No alteration was observed in eosinophil, basophil, monocyte and platelet counts, as well as in MPV. From 5 h to 11 h after feeding, a significant decrease was seen on TPP. However, changes in hematological parameters did not exceed reference ranges for the canine species. Feeding dogs with industrialized feed caused statistically significant changes in erythrogram, leukogram and plasma protein content. While these changes do not seem to exceed reference values for the species in healthy animals, caution is warranted for sick animals with borderline values, in which these changes might be clinically important depending on the pathologic process.Citas
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Andrade, N. N. N., Oliveira, M. V., & Souza, C. L. (2016). Procedures to minimize interference of hypertriglyceridemia in laboratory exams of lipemic samples in acute pancreatitis: a case report. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 52(2), 103-106. doi: 10.5935/1676-2444.20160022
Behling-Kelly, E., & Collins-Cronkright, R. (2014). Increases in beta-lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic and dyslipidemic dogs are associated with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 43(3), 405-415. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12155
Cheng, Y. C., Kao, W. H. L., Mitchell, B. D., Sharrett, A. R., Ryan, K. A., Vogel, R. A.,… Pollin, T. I. (2010). Genetic effects on postprandial variations of inflammatory markers in healthy individuals. Obesity, 18(7), 1417-1422. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.416
Grotto, H. Z. W. (2009). O hemograma: importância para a interpretação da biópsia. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, 31(3), 178-182. doi: 10.1590/S1516-84842009005000045
Guidi, G. C., Simundic, A. M., Salvagno, G. L., Aquino, J. L., & Lima-Oliveira, G. (2014). To avoid fasting time, more risk than benefits. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 53(10), e261-4. doi: 10. 1515/cclm-2014-1013
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Jain, N. C. (1986). Hematologic Techniques. In: N. C. Jain (Ed.), Schalm´s Veterinary Hematology, (2nd ed., pp. 20-86). Philadelphia: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kackov, S., Simundic, A. M., & Gatti-Drnic, A. (2013). Are patients well informed about the fasting requirements for laboratory blood testing? Biochemia Medica, 23(3), 326-331. doi: 10.11613/BM. 2013.040
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Klop, B., Vandegeijn, G. J. M., Njo, T. L., Janssen, H. W., Rietveld, A. P., Van Miltenburg, A.,… Cabezas, M. C. (2013). Leukocyte cell population data (volume conductivity scatter) in postprandial leukocyte activation. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 35(6), 644-651. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12103
Korbonits, M., Blaine, D., Elia, M., & Powell-Tuck, J. (2007). Metabolic and hormonal changes during the refeeding period of prolonged fasting. European Journal of Endocrinology, 157(6), 157-166. doi: 10. 1111/ijlh.12103
Krüger, R. L., Farinha, B. J., Teixeira, B. C., & Oliveira, A. R. (2015). Oxidative stress and endothelial function: effects of physical exercise on results of postprandial lipemia. Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, 14(4), 328-340. doi: 10.1590/1677-5449.01715
Laflamme, D. (1997). Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Canine Practice, 22(5-6), 10-15.
Lippi, G., Chance, J. J., Church, S., Dazzi, P., Fontana, R., Giavarina, D.,… Simundic, A. M. (2011). Preanalytical quality improvement: from dream to reality. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 49(7), 1113-1126. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.600
Lippi, G., Lima-Oliveira, G., Salvagno, G. L., Montagnana, M., Gelati, M., Picheth, G.,... Guidi, G. C. (2010). Influence of a light meal on routine haematological tests. Blood Transfusion, 8(2), 94-99. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.600
Lopes, S. T. A., Biondo, A. W., & Santos, A. P. (2007). Manual de patologia clínica veterinária. Santa Maria: UFRGS.
Nikolac, N. (2014). Lipemia: causes, interference mechanisms, detection and management. Biochemia Medica, 24(1), 57-67. doi: 10.11613/BM.2014.008
Pavlishchuk, S. A., Petrik, G. G., & Nikol’skaya, L. F. (2004). Relationships between platelets and blood cells in postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals. Human Physiology, 30(3), 349-352. doi: 10.1023/ B:HUMP.0000029185.12999.da
Rizzi, T. E., Meinkoth, J. H., & Clinkenbeard, K. D. (2010). Normal hematology of the dog. In D. J. Weiss, K. J. Wardrop (Eds.), Schalm’s veterinary hematology (6th ed., pp. 799-810). Philadelphia: Wiley-Blackwell.
Silva, N. L. T., Bonatto, N. C. M., Oliveira, P. L., Vieira, G. C., Floriano, B. P., Barros, L. D.,... Almeida, B. F. M. (2019). Post-prandial lipemia and glycemia in dogs fed with industrialized pet food. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 28(1), 253-258. doi: 10.1007/s00580-018-2824-0
Thrall, M.A., Weiser, G., Allison, R. W., & Campbell, T. W. (2012). Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry (2nd ed.). Ames: John Wiley & Sons.
Van Oostrom. A. J., Rabelink, T. J., Verseyden, C., Sijmonsma, T. P., Plokker, H. W., De Jaegere, P. P., & Cabezas, M. C. (2004). Activation of leukocytes by postprandial lipemia in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis, 177(1), 175-182. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.004
Van Oostrom, A. J., Sijmonsma, T. P., Rabelink, T. J., van Asbeck, T. J., & Cabezas, M. C. (2003). Postprandial leukocyte increase in healthy subjects. Metabolism, 52(2), 199-202. doi: 10.1053/ meta.2003.50037
Van Oostrom, A. J., Sijmonsma, T. P., Verseyden, C., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Koning, E. J. P., Rabelink, T. J., & Cabezas, M.C. (2002). Postprandial recruitment of neutrophils may contribute to Endothelial dysfunction. Journal of Lipid Research, 44(3), 576-583. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M200419-JLR200
Weiss, D. J., & Wardrop, J. (2010). Schalm’s veterinary hematology (6nd ed.). Ames: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Almeida, B. F. M., Zucatto, A. S., Vieira, R. F. C., Soeiro, C. S., Viol, M. A., Bomfim, S. R. M., & Ciarlini, P. C. (2011). Effect of hemolysis on canine, bovine and equine serum chemistry. Medicina Veterinária, 5(1), 12-17.
Andrade, N. N. N., Oliveira, M. V., & Souza, C. L. (2016). Procedures to minimize interference of hypertriglyceridemia in laboratory exams of lipemic samples in acute pancreatitis: a case report. Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial, 52(2), 103-106. doi: 10.5935/1676-2444.20160022
Behling-Kelly, E., & Collins-Cronkright, R. (2014). Increases in beta-lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic and dyslipidemic dogs are associated with increased erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 43(3), 405-415. doi: 10.1111/vcp.12155
Cheng, Y. C., Kao, W. H. L., Mitchell, B. D., Sharrett, A. R., Ryan, K. A., Vogel, R. A.,… Pollin, T. I. (2010). Genetic effects on postprandial variations of inflammatory markers in healthy individuals. Obesity, 18(7), 1417-1422. doi: 10.1038/oby.2009.416
Grotto, H. Z. W. (2009). O hemograma: importância para a interpretação da biópsia. Revista Brasileira de Hematologia e Hemoterapia, 31(3), 178-182. doi: 10.1590/S1516-84842009005000045
Guidi, G. C., Simundic, A. M., Salvagno, G. L., Aquino, J. L., & Lima-Oliveira, G. (2014). To avoid fasting time, more risk than benefits. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 53(10), e261-4. doi: 10. 1515/cclm-2014-1013
Hansen, K., Sickelmann, F., Pietrowsky, R., Fehm, H. L., & Born, J. (1997). Systemic immune changes following meal intake in humans. American Journal of Physiology, 273(2), 548-553. doi: 10.1152/ ajpregu.1997.273.2.R548
Jain, N. C. (1986). Hematologic Techniques. In: N. C. Jain (Ed.), Schalm´s Veterinary Hematology, (2nd ed., pp. 20-86). Philadelphia: Wiley-Blackwell.
Kackov, S., Simundic, A. M., & Gatti-Drnic, A. (2013). Are patients well informed about the fasting requirements for laboratory blood testing? Biochemia Medica, 23(3), 326-331. doi: 10.11613/BM. 2013.040
Kaneko, J. J., Harvey, J. W., & Bruss, M. L. (2008). Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals (6nd ed.). London: Academic Press.
Klop, B., Vandegeijn, G. J. M., Njo, T. L., Janssen, H. W., Rietveld, A. P., Van Miltenburg, A.,… Cabezas, M. C. (2013). Leukocyte cell population data (volume conductivity scatter) in postprandial leukocyte activation. International Journal of Laboratory Hematology, 35(6), 644-651. doi: 10.1111/ijlh.12103
Korbonits, M., Blaine, D., Elia, M., & Powell-Tuck, J. (2007). Metabolic and hormonal changes during the refeeding period of prolonged fasting. European Journal of Endocrinology, 157(6), 157-166. doi: 10. 1111/ijlh.12103
Krüger, R. L., Farinha, B. J., Teixeira, B. C., & Oliveira, A. R. (2015). Oxidative stress and endothelial function: effects of physical exercise on results of postprandial lipemia. Jornal Vascular Brasileiro, 14(4), 328-340. doi: 10.1590/1677-5449.01715
Laflamme, D. (1997). Development and validation of a body condition score system for dogs. Canine Practice, 22(5-6), 10-15.
Lippi, G., Chance, J. J., Church, S., Dazzi, P., Fontana, R., Giavarina, D.,… Simundic, A. M. (2011). Preanalytical quality improvement: from dream to reality. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 49(7), 1113-1126. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.600
Lippi, G., Lima-Oliveira, G., Salvagno, G. L., Montagnana, M., Gelati, M., Picheth, G.,... Guidi, G. C. (2010). Influence of a light meal on routine haematological tests. Blood Transfusion, 8(2), 94-99. doi: 10.1515/CCLM.2011.600
Lopes, S. T. A., Biondo, A. W., & Santos, A. P. (2007). Manual de patologia clínica veterinária. Santa Maria: UFRGS.
Nikolac, N. (2014). Lipemia: causes, interference mechanisms, detection and management. Biochemia Medica, 24(1), 57-67. doi: 10.11613/BM.2014.008
Pavlishchuk, S. A., Petrik, G. G., & Nikol’skaya, L. F. (2004). Relationships between platelets and blood cells in postprandial glycemia in healthy individuals. Human Physiology, 30(3), 349-352. doi: 10.1023/ B:HUMP.0000029185.12999.da
Rizzi, T. E., Meinkoth, J. H., & Clinkenbeard, K. D. (2010). Normal hematology of the dog. In D. J. Weiss, K. J. Wardrop (Eds.), Schalm’s veterinary hematology (6th ed., pp. 799-810). Philadelphia: Wiley-Blackwell.
Silva, N. L. T., Bonatto, N. C. M., Oliveira, P. L., Vieira, G. C., Floriano, B. P., Barros, L. D.,... Almeida, B. F. M. (2019). Post-prandial lipemia and glycemia in dogs fed with industrialized pet food. Comparative Clinical Pathology, 28(1), 253-258. doi: 10.1007/s00580-018-2824-0
Thrall, M.A., Weiser, G., Allison, R. W., & Campbell, T. W. (2012). Veterinary hematology and clinical chemistry (2nd ed.). Ames: John Wiley & Sons.
Van Oostrom. A. J., Rabelink, T. J., Verseyden, C., Sijmonsma, T. P., Plokker, H. W., De Jaegere, P. P., & Cabezas, M. C. (2004). Activation of leukocytes by postprandial lipemia in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis, 177(1), 175-182. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.07.004
Van Oostrom, A. J., Sijmonsma, T. P., Rabelink, T. J., van Asbeck, T. J., & Cabezas, M. C. (2003). Postprandial leukocyte increase in healthy subjects. Metabolism, 52(2), 199-202. doi: 10.1053/ meta.2003.50037
Van Oostrom, A. J., Sijmonsma, T. P., Verseyden, C., Jansen, E. H. J. M., Koning, E. J. P., Rabelink, T. J., & Cabezas, M.C. (2002). Postprandial recruitment of neutrophils may contribute to Endothelial dysfunction. Journal of Lipid Research, 44(3), 576-583. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M200419-JLR200
Weiss, D. J., & Wardrop, J. (2010). Schalm’s veterinary hematology (6nd ed.). Ames: Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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2020-08-07
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Costa, L. R., Silva, N. L. T. da, Oliveira, P. L. de, Bonatto, N. C. M., Vieira, G. C., Floriano, B. P., … Almeida, B. F. M. de. (2020). Diurnal variations in canine hematological parameters after commercial feed feeding. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5supl1), 2219–2230. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5supl1p2219
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