Effects of the types of sealing on chemical-fermentation characteristics of corn silage from the feed out face of trench silos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1891Keywords:
Bromatology, Dry matter digestibility, Fermentation process, Nutrient loss, Nutritional composition.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of different types of sealing on the physical losses of dry matter, chemical and fermentation characteristics and in situ digestibility of the dry matter of corn silage stored in the feed out face (ramp) of trench silos. The experimental design used randomized blocks, composed of three treatments, namely: T1 - corn silage preserved with double-sided polyethylene of 110 µm thickness (conventional seal); T2 - corn silage preserved with double-sided polyethylene of 200 µm thickness (double-sided); and T3 - corn silage preserved with oxygen-impermeable film composed of double-sided polyethylene of 80 µm thickness on a translucent vacuum polyamide film of 20 µm thickness (double sealing), with four repetitions each. The use of double-sided polyethylene with 200 µm thickness (double-sided) and oxygen impermeable film composed of double-sided polyethylene and polyamide (double sealing), were effective in preserving the chemical composition, fermentation profile, raw protein composition and fiber quality, in addition, the use of these polymers resulted in greater ruminal digestibility of dry matter and reduced the pH, temperature, temperature gradient and physical losses of corn silage from the feed out face (ramp) of trench silos compared to the conventional sealing.Metrics
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References
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Bernardes, T. F., Nussio, L. G., & Amaral, R. C. (2012). Top spoilage losses in maize silage sealed with plastic films with different permeabilities to oxygen. Grass and Forage Science, 67(1), 34-42. doi: 10. 1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00823.x
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Borreani, G., Dolci, P., Tabacco, E., & Cocolin, L. (2013). Aerobic deterioration stimulates out growth of spore-forming Paenibacillus in corn silage store dunder oxygen-barrier or polyethylene films. Journal Dairy Science, 96(8), 5206-5216. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6649
Borreani, G., & Tabacco, E. (2010). The relationship of silage temperature with the microbiological status of the face of corn silage bunkers. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(6), 2620-2629. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2919
Borreani, G., & Tabacco, E. (2014). Improving corn silage quality in the top layer of farm bunker silos through the use of a next generation barrier film with high impermeability to oxygen. Journal Dairy Science, 97(4), 2415-2426. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7632
Borreani, G., & Tabacco, E. (2017). Plastics in animal production. In: M. D. Orzole (Ed.), A guide to the manufacture, performance, and potential of plastics in agriculture (pp. 145-185). Oxford: Elsevier.
Cavallarin, L., Tabacco, E., Antoniazzi, S., & Borreani, G. (2011). Aflatoxin accumulation in whole crop maize silage as a result of aerobic exposure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(13), 2419-2425. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4481
Cherney, J. H., & Cherney, D. J. R. (2003). Assessing silage quality. In D. R. Buxton, R. E. Muck, & J. H. Harrison (Eds.), Silage science and technology (pp. 141-198). Madison, Wisconsin: American Dairy Science Association.
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Gallo, A., Guibert, G., Frisvad, J. C., Bertuzzi, T., & Nielsen, K. F. (2015). Review on mycotoxin issues in ruminants: occurrence in forages, effects of mycotoxin ingestion on health status and animal performance and practical strategies to counteract their negative effects. Toxins, 7(8), 3057-3111. doi: 10.3390/toxins7083057
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Manual de adubação de calagem para o Estado do Paraná (2017). Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Curitiba: SBCS/NEPAR.
Neumann, M., Leão, G. F. M., Askel, E. J., Marafon, F., Figueira, D. N., & Poczynek, M. (2017). Sealing type effect on corn silage quality in bunker silos. Ciência Rural, 47(5), 1-6. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr 20160643
Neumann, M., Oliveira, M., Zanette, P., Ueno, R., Marafon, F., & Souza, M. (2011). Aplicação de procedimentos técnicos na ensilagem do milho visando maior desempenho animal. Anais do Simpósio Produção e Utilização de Forragens Conservadas, Maringá, PR, Brasil, 4.
Nocek, J. E. 1988. In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility. A review. Journal Dairy Science, 71(8), 2051-206. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79781-7
Orskov, E. R., & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-508. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600063048
Pott, C. A., Müller, M. M. L., & Bertelli, P. B. (2007). Adubação verde como alternativa agroecológica para recuperação da fertilidade do solo. Revista Ambiência, 3(1), 51-63.
Price, J. D. A. (1969). Modification of the barker - summer son method for the determination of lactic acid. Afialyst, 94(1125), 1151-1152. doi: 10.1039/AN9699401151
Statistical Analysis System Institute (1993). SAS language reference. Version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2009). Análise de alimentos, métodos químicos e biológicos (3ª reimp.). Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Tabacco, E., Ferrero, F., & Borreani, G. (2020). Feasibility of utilizing biodegradable plastic film to cover corn silage under farm conditions. Applied Sciences, 10(8), 2803. doi: 10.3390/app10082803
Tabacco, E., Righi, F., Quarantelli, A., & Borreani, G. (2011). Dry matter and nutritional losses during aerobic deterioration of corn and sorghum silages as influenced by different lactic acid bacteria inocula. Journal Dairy Science, 94(3), 1409-1419. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3538
Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science, 68(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Wilkinson, J. M., & Fenlon, J. S. (2014). A meta-analysis comparing standard polyethylene and oxygen barrier film in terms of losses during storage and aerobic stability of silage. Grass Forage Science, 69(3), 385-392. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12087
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1995). Official methods of analysis (16a ed.). Washington, D.C.: AOAC.
Bernardes, T. F. (2016). Advances in silage sealing. In T. Silva, & E. M. Santos (Eds.), Advances in silage production and utilization (pp. 53-62). London: InTech.
Bernardes, T. F., Nussio, L. G., & Amaral, R. C. (2012). Top spoilage losses in maize silage sealed with plastic films with different permeabilities to oxygen. Grass and Forage Science, 67(1), 34-42. doi: 10. 1111/j.1365-2494.2011.00823.x
Bolsen, K. K., Ashbell, G., & Weinberg, Z. G. (1996). Silage fermentation and silage additives-Review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 9(5), 483-494. doi: 10.5713/ajas.1996.483
Borreani, G., Dolci, P., Tabacco, E., & Cocolin, L. (2013). Aerobic deterioration stimulates out growth of spore-forming Paenibacillus in corn silage store dunder oxygen-barrier or polyethylene films. Journal Dairy Science, 96(8), 5206-5216. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-6649
Borreani, G., & Tabacco, E. (2010). The relationship of silage temperature with the microbiological status of the face of corn silage bunkers. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(6), 2620-2629. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2919
Borreani, G., & Tabacco, E. (2014). Improving corn silage quality in the top layer of farm bunker silos through the use of a next generation barrier film with high impermeability to oxygen. Journal Dairy Science, 97(4), 2415-2426. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7632
Borreani, G., & Tabacco, E. (2017). Plastics in animal production. In: M. D. Orzole (Ed.), A guide to the manufacture, performance, and potential of plastics in agriculture (pp. 145-185). Oxford: Elsevier.
Cavallarin, L., Tabacco, E., Antoniazzi, S., & Borreani, G. (2011). Aflatoxin accumulation in whole crop maize silage as a result of aerobic exposure. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 91(13), 2419-2425. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.4481
Cherney, J. H., & Cherney, D. J. R. (2003). Assessing silage quality. In D. R. Buxton, R. E. Muck, & J. H. Harrison (Eds.), Silage science and technology (pp. 141-198). Madison, Wisconsin: American Dairy Science Association.
Ferraretto, L. F., & Shaver, R. D. (2015). Effects of whole-plant corn silage hybrid type on intake, digestion, ruminal fermentation, and lactation performance by dairy cows through a meta-analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 98(4), 2662-2675. doi: 10.3168/jds.2014-9045
Fijałkowska, M., Pysera, B., Lipiński, K., & Strusińska, D. (2015). Changes of nitrogen compounds during ensiling of high protein herbages-a review. Annals of Animal Science, 15(2), 289-305. doi: 10.1515/ aoas-2015-0008
Gallo, A., Guibert, G., Frisvad, J. C., Bertuzzi, T., & Nielsen, K. F. (2015). Review on mycotoxin issues in ruminants: occurrence in forages, effects of mycotoxin ingestion on health status and animal performance and practical strategies to counteract their negative effects. Toxins, 7(8), 3057-3111. doi: 10.3390/toxins7083057
Goes, R. H. T. B., Souza, K. A., Patussi, R. A., Cornelio, T. C., Oliveira, E. R. de, & Brabes, K. C. S. (2010). Degradabilidade in situ dos grãos de crambe, girassol e soja, e de seus coprodutos em ovinos. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 32(3), 271-277. doi: 10.4025/actascianimsci.v32i3.7913
Goeser, J. P., & Combs, D. K. (2009). An alternative method to assess 24-h ruminal in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(8), 3833-3841. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1136
Junga, P., & Trávnícek, P. (2015). Surface temperature of the exposed silo face as quick indicator of the decomposition process of maize silage. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 16(1), 76-91. doi: 10. 5513/JCEA01/16.1.1544
Kung, L., Jr., Shaver, R. D., Grant, R. J., & Schmidt, R. J. (2018). Silage review: Interpretation of chemical, microbial, and organoleptic components of silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4020-4033. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13909 Lima, L. M., Santos, J. P. dos, Casagrande, D. R., Ávila, C. L. S., Lara, M. S., & Bernardes, T. F. (2017). Lining bunker walls with oxygen barrier film reduces nutriente losses in corn silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(6), 4565-4573. doi: 10.3168/jds.2016-12129
Manual de adubação de calagem para o Estado do Paraná (2017). Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Curitiba: SBCS/NEPAR.
Neumann, M., Leão, G. F. M., Askel, E. J., Marafon, F., Figueira, D. N., & Poczynek, M. (2017). Sealing type effect on corn silage quality in bunker silos. Ciência Rural, 47(5), 1-6. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr 20160643
Neumann, M., Oliveira, M., Zanette, P., Ueno, R., Marafon, F., & Souza, M. (2011). Aplicação de procedimentos técnicos na ensilagem do milho visando maior desempenho animal. Anais do Simpósio Produção e Utilização de Forragens Conservadas, Maringá, PR, Brasil, 4.
Nocek, J. E. 1988. In situ and other methods to estimate ruminal protein and energy digestibility. A review. Journal Dairy Science, 71(8), 2051-206. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(88)79781-7
Orskov, E. R., & McDonald, I. (1979). The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 92(2), 499-508. doi: 10.1017/S0021859600063048
Pott, C. A., Müller, M. M. L., & Bertelli, P. B. (2007). Adubação verde como alternativa agroecológica para recuperação da fertilidade do solo. Revista Ambiência, 3(1), 51-63.
Price, J. D. A. (1969). Modification of the barker - summer son method for the determination of lactic acid. Afialyst, 94(1125), 1151-1152. doi: 10.1039/AN9699401151
Statistical Analysis System Institute (1993). SAS language reference. Version 6. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2009). Análise de alimentos, métodos químicos e biológicos (3ª reimp.). Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Tabacco, E., Ferrero, F., & Borreani, G. (2020). Feasibility of utilizing biodegradable plastic film to cover corn silage under farm conditions. Applied Sciences, 10(8), 2803. doi: 10.3390/app10082803
Tabacco, E., Righi, F., Quarantelli, A., & Borreani, G. (2011). Dry matter and nutritional losses during aerobic deterioration of corn and sorghum silages as influenced by different lactic acid bacteria inocula. Journal Dairy Science, 94(3), 1409-1419. doi: 10.3168/jds.2010-3538
Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B., & Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science, 68(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Wilkinson, J. M., & Fenlon, J. S. (2014). A meta-analysis comparing standard polyethylene and oxygen barrier film in terms of losses during storage and aerobic stability of silage. Grass Forage Science, 69(3), 385-392. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12087
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2021-04-22
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Neumann, M., Cristo, F. B., Pontarolo, G. B., Silva, M. R. H. da, Heker Junior, J. C., Sidor, F. de S., Plodoviski, D. C., Czelusniak, C., & Machado, M. P. (2021). Effects of the types of sealing on chemical-fermentation characteristics of corn silage from the feed out face of trench silos. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3Supl1), 1891–1908. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3Supl1p1891
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