Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii: seroprevalence and associated factors in cows from milk farms of Toledo, Parana, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1581Keywords:
Antibodies, Dairy Cattle, Neosporosis, Toxoplasmosis.Abstract
Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are important protozoa in cattle production. Neosporosis is responsible for reproductive failures in cattle, constituting one of the main causes of abortion and leading to significant economic losses in dairy farming. Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan disease of great importance in the context of public health and animal production. Considering the lack of available data on the subject for the studied region, the objective of the present study was to detect the seroprevalence of antibodies against N. caninum and T. gondii in dairy cows in the municipality of Toledo, Western Paraná, Brazil and to assess how to detect factors associated with risk or protection. Serology was performed with serum samples from 390 dairy cows from 58 farms by indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) reaction using cutoff point 100 for N. caninum and 64 for T. gondii. The analysis of associations between seropositivity and the variables detected in the properties was also performed. The seroprevalence for Neospora caninum was 15.4% (60/390; CI 95% 12.4-19.3) and for Toxoplasma gondii was 38.7% (151/390; CI 95% 34.0-43.6). The prevalence of co-infection was 8.72% (34/390; CI 95% 6.31-11.94). For N. caninum, the presence of abortion was observed as a risk factor (OR= 5.32). With T. gondii, the presence of abortion was found to be a risk factor (OR= 2.09) and properties with 10 or more lactating animals was found to be a protection factor (OR= 0.56). Abortion was also detected as a factor associated with the risk of co-infection (OR= 11.80). Through serological diagnosis, the present study showed that protozoa are widely distributed among dairy cattle in the region, and control and prophylaxis measures should be adopted in the studied animal population. Because abortion is a risk associated with N. caninum, T. gondii, and the two agents surveyed (co-infection), all reproductive disorders detected in cattle should include neosporosis and toxoplasmosis as a differential diagnosis.References
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Marana, E. R. M., Venturini, A. C. H., Freire, R. L., Vidotto, O., & Navarro, I. T. (1994). Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos de corte, abatidos em matadouros do Norte do Paraná - Brasil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 15(1), 38-40.
Mazuz, M. L., Fish, L., Reznikov, D., Wolkomirsky, R., Leibovitz, B., Savitzky, I., Shkap, V. (2014). Neosporosis in naturally infected pregnant dairy cattle. Veterinary Parasitology, 205(1-2), 85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.009
Meirelles, A. C. F., Locatelli-Dittrich, R., Castilhos, B., & Busch, A. P. B. (2014). Concordância na detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e anti-Neospora caninum no sangue e no leite bovino pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta. Ciência Rural, 44(12), 2204-2209. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20131613
Melo, D. P. G., Silva, A. C., Ortega-Mora, L. M., Bastos, S. A., & Boaventura, C. M. (2006). Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em bovinos das microrregiões de Goiânia e Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 15(3), 105-109.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2017). Projeções da política agrícola. Recuperado de http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/politica-agricola/todas-publicacoes-de-politica-agricola/ sumarios-executivos/leite-1.pdf/view
Moura, A. B., Osaki, S. C., Zulpo, D. L., Garcia, J. L., & Teixeira, E. B. (2010). Detecção de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos de corte abatidos em Guarapuava, PR, Brasil. Archives of Veterinary Science, 15(2), 94-99. doi: 10.5380/avs.v15i2.14779
Moura, A. B., Osaki, S. C., Zulpo, D. L., Garcia, J. L., & Teixeira, E. B. (2012). Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle of microrregion of Guarapuava, Paraná state, Brazil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 79(3), 419-422. doi: 10.1590/S1808-16572012000300014
Ogawa, L., Freire, R. L., Vidotto, O. Gondim, L. F. P., & Navarro, I. T. (2005). Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 57(3), 312-316. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352005000300006
Paré, J., Thurmond, M. C., & Hietala, S. K. (1997). Neospora caninum antibodies in cows during pregnancy as a predictor of congenital infection and abortions. Journal of Parasitology, 83(1), 82-87.
Rocha, J. X., Pivoto, F. L., Aires, A. R., Rocha, R. X., Ferreira, A. G. T., & Leal, M. L. R. (2015). Levantamento sorológico de Neospora caninum em vacas da raça holandesa da microrregião de Francisco Beltrão. Revista Veterinária e Zootecnia, 22(3), 396-399.
Snak, A., Garcia, F. G., Lara, A. A., Pena, H. F. J., & Osaki, S. C. (2018). Neospora caninum in properties in the west region of Paraná, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 27(1), 52-60. doi: 10.1590/S1984-2961201800
Thurmond, M. C., & Hietala, S. K. (1996). Culling associated with Neospora caninum infection in dairy cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57(11), 1559-1562.
Andreotti, R., Barros, J. C., Pereira, A. R., Oshiro, L. M., Cunha, R. C. & Figueiredo, L. F., Neto. (2010). Association between seropositivity for Neospora caninum and reproductive performance of beef heifers in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 19(2), 119-123. doi: 10.4322/rbpv.01902010
Camargo, M. E. (1974). Introdução as técnicas de imunofluorescência. Revista Brasileira de Patologia Clínica, 10(1), 143-171.
Camillo, G., Cadore, G., Cezar, A. S., Toscan, G., Bräunig, P., Sangioni, L. A. & Vogel, F. S. F. (2010). Anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em bovinos de leite do sudoeste do estado do Paraná. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(6), 1511-1513. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352010000600033
Cardoso, J. M. S., Amaku, M., Araújo, A. J. U. S., & Gennari, S. M. (2012). A longitudinal study of Neospora caninum infection on three dairy farms in Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, Amsterdam, 187(3-4), 553-557. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.01.019
Cerqueira-Cézar, C. K., Calero-Bernal, R., Dubey, J. P., & Gennari, S. M. (2017). All about neosporosis in Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 26(3), 253-279. doi: 10.1590/S1984-29612017045
Conrad, P. A., Barr, B. C., Sverlow, K. W., Anderson, M., Daft, B., Kinde, H.,… Ardans, A. (1993). In vitro isolation and characterization of a Neospora sp. from aborted bovine foetuses. Parasitology, 106(3), 239-249.
Corbellini, L. G., Driemeier, D., Cruz, C. F. E., Gondim, L. F. P., & Wald, V. (2002). Neosporosis as a cause of obortion in dairy cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 103(3), 195-202. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00600-8
Dubey, J. P., & Schares, G. (2011). Neosporosis in animals - the last five years. Veterinary Parasitology, 180(1-2), 90-108. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.031
Dubey, J. P. (1986). A review of toxoplasmosis in cattle. Veterinary Parasitology, 22(3-4), 177-202.
Dubey, J. P. (2010). Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Dubey, J. P., Hemphill, A., Calero-Bernal, R., & Schares, G. (2017). Neosporosis in animals. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Frigotto, T. A., Genz, T. A. S., Nino, B. S. L., Zulpo, D. L. & Garcia, J. L. (2018). Association of abortion history with the presence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 39(6), 2443-2448. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2443
Galvão, A. L. B., Vaconcellos, A. L., Navarro, I. T., & Bresciani, K. D. S. (2014). Aspectos da toxoplasmose na clínica de pequenos animais. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 35(1), 393-410. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n1p393
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (2016). Estatística da produção pecuária. Recuperado de http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp
Locatelli-Dittrich, R., Machado, P. C., Jr., Fridlund-Plugge, N., Richartz, R. R., Montiani-Ferreira, F., Patrício, L. F., Pieppe, M. (2008). Determination and correlation of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle and dogs from Paraná, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 1(1), 191-196.
Marana, E. R. M., Venturini, A. C. H., Freire, R. L., Vidotto, O., & Navarro, I. T. (1994). Ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos de corte, abatidos em matadouros do Norte do Paraná - Brasil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 15(1), 38-40.
Mazuz, M. L., Fish, L., Reznikov, D., Wolkomirsky, R., Leibovitz, B., Savitzky, I., Shkap, V. (2014). Neosporosis in naturally infected pregnant dairy cattle. Veterinary Parasitology, 205(1-2), 85-91. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.06.009
Meirelles, A. C. F., Locatelli-Dittrich, R., Castilhos, B., & Busch, A. P. B. (2014). Concordância na detecção de anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii e anti-Neospora caninum no sangue e no leite bovino pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta. Ciência Rural, 44(12), 2204-2209. doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20131613
Melo, D. P. G., Silva, A. C., Ortega-Mora, L. M., Bastos, S. A., & Boaventura, C. M. (2006). Prevalência de anticorpos anti-Neospora caninum em bovinos das microrregiões de Goiânia e Anápolis, Goiás, Brasil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 15(3), 105-109.
Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (2017). Projeções da política agrícola. Recuperado de http://www.agricultura.gov.br/assuntos/politica-agricola/todas-publicacoes-de-politica-agricola/ sumarios-executivos/leite-1.pdf/view
Moura, A. B., Osaki, S. C., Zulpo, D. L., Garcia, J. L., & Teixeira, E. B. (2010). Detecção de anticorpos contra Toxoplasma gondii em bovinos de corte abatidos em Guarapuava, PR, Brasil. Archives of Veterinary Science, 15(2), 94-99. doi: 10.5380/avs.v15i2.14779
Moura, A. B., Osaki, S. C., Zulpo, D. L., Garcia, J. L., & Teixeira, E. B. (2012). Occurrence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in beef cattle of microrregion of Guarapuava, Paraná state, Brazil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, 79(3), 419-422. doi: 10.1590/S1808-16572012000300014
Ogawa, L., Freire, R. L., Vidotto, O. Gondim, L. F. P., & Navarro, I. T. (2005). Occurrence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dairy cattle from the northern region of the Paraná State, Brazil. Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 57(3), 312-316. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352005000300006
Paré, J., Thurmond, M. C., & Hietala, S. K. (1997). Neospora caninum antibodies in cows during pregnancy as a predictor of congenital infection and abortions. Journal of Parasitology, 83(1), 82-87.
Rocha, J. X., Pivoto, F. L., Aires, A. R., Rocha, R. X., Ferreira, A. G. T., & Leal, M. L. R. (2015). Levantamento sorológico de Neospora caninum em vacas da raça holandesa da microrregião de Francisco Beltrão. Revista Veterinária e Zootecnia, 22(3), 396-399.
Snak, A., Garcia, F. G., Lara, A. A., Pena, H. F. J., & Osaki, S. C. (2018). Neospora caninum in properties in the west region of Paraná, Brazil: prevalence and risk factors. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 27(1), 52-60. doi: 10.1590/S1984-2961201800
Thurmond, M. C., & Hietala, S. K. (1996). Culling associated with Neospora caninum infection in dairy cows. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 57(11), 1559-1562.
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2020-06-17
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Santos, J. R. dos, Grando, L., Nino, B. de S. L., Langoni, H., Cunha, I. A. L. da, Barros, L. D. de, … Zulpo, D. L. (2020). Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii: seroprevalence and associated factors in cows from milk farms of Toledo, Parana, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(5), 1581–1590. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n5p1581
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