Energy valorization matrices for dietary carbohydrases and their effects on the behavior of grower and finisher pigs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2025v46n3p789Keywords:
Alpha-amylase, Beta-mannanase, Closed-circuit video camera, Generalized linear model, Pig behavioral frequency.Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of exogenous carbohydrases (α-amylase or β-mannanase) in diets with reduced levels of metabolizable energy (ME) containing or not xylanase-phytase on the behavioral traits of grower and finisher pigs. In the first experiment, 42 crossbred male pigs (Landrace × Large White), initially weighing 25.81± 0.20 kg, were allotted to a completely randomized design with six treatments, seven replications, and one pig per pen as the experimental unit (UE). The treatments consisted of the combination of two classes of a-amylase (no enzyme and enzyme-added at 100 g α-amylase ton-1 diet) and three levels of ME reduction (0, 50, and 100 kcal of ME kg-1). In the second experiment, 40 crossbred male pigs (Landrace × Large White), initially weighing 26.0 ± 0.9 kg, were allotted to a randomized block design with four treatments, ten replications, and one animal per EU. The experimental treatments containing xylanase and valued at 40 kcal ME kg-1 were: reference diet (RD) with no β-mannanase supplementation and RD containing 300 g β-mannanase t-1 and reduced by 30, 45 and 60 kcal of ME kg-1, comprising a total energy reduction (β-mannanase and xylanase) as follows: 0 + 40 (RD40), 30 + 40 (RD70), 45 + 40 (RD85), and 60 + 40 (RD100). The behavioral observations of grower and finisher pigs were recorded via closed-circuit video cameras installed in the upper part of the shed. In experiment I, an interaction between amylase enzyme (ENZ) and dietary ME reduction (ENZ*ME) was observed (P < 0.05) on the frequency (%) of standing, idleness, sleeping, and interactive behaviors in grower I pigs. Similarly, an interaction between ENZ and ME was observed for standing, lying down, feeding, and interactive behaviors in grower II pigs. There was an effect of ENZ*EM (P < 0.05) on lying down and interactive behavior in finisher I pigs and on standing, feeding, drinking, and sleeping behaviors in finisher II pigs. In the second experiment, there was an effect (P < 0.05) of energy valorization matrix (EVM) for β-mannanase in the idleness behavior of grower II pigs and on standing, lying down, idleness, and feeding behaviors in finisher II pigs. Including 100 g α-amylase t-1 in diets reduced by up to 50 kcal of ME kg-1 increases the feed intake frequency of grower II pigs. Including 300 g β-mannanase and 400 g xylanase t-1 in diets reduced by 70 and 85 kcal ME per kg increases the percentage of feed intake of finisher II pigs.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Glaiton Ricardo Martins, Jansller Luiz Genova , Paulo Evaristo Rupolo, Andressa Luana Gorzelanski Trenkel, Amanda Gabriela Bickel , Aline Carolina Tillmann , Angela Rocio Poveda-Parra, Silvana Teixeira Carvalho , Paulo Levi de Oliveira Carvalho, Newton Tavares Escocard de Oliveira
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