Estratégias de hedging: um estudo comparativo entre o português brasileiro e o inglês
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1519-5392.2018v18n2p5Palavras-chave:
Hedges, Academic writing, Corpus Linguistics, Transfer.Resumo
O presente trabalho busca descrever o uso de hedges em artigos científicos escritos por brasileiros em português e em inglês e as possíveis transferências linguísticas provenientes de sua língua materna. Depois de um estudo teórico sobre a escrita acadêmica e uma breve explicação acerca do gênero artigo científico, abordamos as definições de hedges, assim como os seus usos e funções no texto acadêmico. Em seguida, descrevemos a metodologia baseada nos princípios da Linguística de Corpus. O corpus analisado é composto por 30 artigos de pesquisa: 10 artigos escritos em português brasileiro, 10 artigos escritos em inglês por falantes nativos de português e 10 artigos escritos em inglês por falantes nativos norte-americanos. Para a análise e discussão dos dados utilizamos as taxonomias de Hyland (1998, 2000). Os resultados mostraram diferenças nos corpora escritos por brasileiros em comparação ao corpus de inglês nativo, indicando possíveis transferências entre as línguas. Este trabalho contribui, portanto, para a área dos estudos do texto especializado, dos estudos contrastivos e do ensino de línguas para fins específicos.
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Referências
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BERBER-SARDINHA, Tony. Linguística de corpus. São Paulo: Manole, 2004.
BHATIA, Vijay. Applied genre analysis and ESP. In: MILLER, Tom (ed.). Functional approaches to written text: classroom applications. Washington: United States Information Agency, 1997.
BROWN, Penelope; LEVINSON, Stephen. C. Politeness: some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
CARVALHO, Ednúsia Pinto. Marcas de atenuação retórica: um estudo contrastivo. 2011. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011.
CLYNE, Michael. The sociocultural dimension: the dilemma of the German speaking scholar. In: SCHRODER, Hartmut (ed.). Subject-oriented texts. Languages for special purposes and text theory. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1991. p. 49-68.
CONNOR, Ulla. Contrastive rhetoric: cross-cultural aspects of second language writing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
GALTUNG, Johan. Deductive thinking and political practice: an essay of the teutonic intellectual style. In: GALTUNG, Johan (ed.). Papers on methodology, essays on methodology. Copenhagen: Ejlers, 1979. v. 2.
HINKEL, Eli. Indirectness in L1 and L2 academic writing. Journal of Pragmatics, Amsterdam, v. 27, n. 3, p. 360-386, 1997.
HYLAND, Ken. Disciplinary discourses: social interactions in academic writing. London: Longman/Ann Arbor, 2000.
HYLAND, Ken. English for academic purposes: an advanced resource book. New York: Routledge, 2006.
HYLAND, Ken. Hedging in academic writing and EAP textbooks. English for Specific Purposes, New York, v. 13, n. 3, p. 239-256, 1994.
HYLAND, Ken. Hedging in scientific research articles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998.
HYLAND, Ken. The author in the text: hedging scientific writing. Hong Kong Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching, Pokfulam, HK, v. 18, p. 33-42, 1995.
KADAR-FULOP, Judith. Culture, writing, and curriculum. In: PURVES, Alan C. (ed.). Writing across languages and cultures: issues in contrastive rhetoric. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988. p. 25-50.
KELLERMAN, Eric. The empirical evidence for the influence of the L1 in interlanguage. In: DAVIES, Alan; CRIPER, Clive; HOWATT, Anthony P. R. (ed.). Interlanguage. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1984. p. 98–122.
KROLL, Barbara. Considerations for teaching na ESL/EFL writing course. In: CELCE-MURCIA, Marianne (ed.). Teaching English as a second/foreign language. Boston: Heinle & Heinle, 2001. p. 219–232.
LACKSTROM, John E.; SELINKER, Larry; TRIMBLE, Louis. Grammar and technical english. English Teaching Forum, Washington, v. 10, n. 5, p. 3-14, 1972.
LAKOFF, George. Hedges: a study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts. Journal of Philosophical Logic, Dordrecht, NL, v. 2, p. 458-508, 1973.
MARKKANEN, Raija; SCHRODER, Hartmut. Hedging and its linguistic realizations in German, english and finnish philosophical texts: a case study. Vaasa: Vaasan Korkeakoulu, 1988a.
MARKKANEN, Raija; SCHRODER, Hartmut. Hedging as a translation problem in scientific texts. In: LAUREN, Christer; NORDMAN, Marianne (ed.). Special language: from human thinking to thinking machines. Clevedon, AV: Multilingual Matters, 1988b. p. 171-180.
MCENERY, Tom; HARDIE, Andrew. Corpus linguistics: method, theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
MOLSING, Karina Veronica; PERNA, Cristina Becker Lopes. The pronominal use of -se in brazilian portuguese academic writing. Unpublished Manuscript, 2014.
NEARY-SUNDQUIST, Colleen. The use of hedges in the speech of ESL learners. Elia: Estudios de Linguistica Inglesa Aplicada, Madrid, v. 13, p. 149, 2013.
ODLIN, Terence. Language transfer: cross-linguistic influence in language learning. New York: Cambridge U. P., 1989. OXFORD advanced learner’s dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
PURVES, Alan C. Introduction. In: PURVES, Alan C. (ed.). Writing across languages and cultures: issues in contrastive rhetoric. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988. p. 9-21.
REZENDE, Patrícia Almeida; HEMAIS, Bárbara. Análise comparativa de artigos científicos da área da saúde. The ESPecialist, São Paulo, v. 25, n. 2, p. 131-152, 2004.
ROUNDS, P. Hedging in written academic discourse: precision and flexibility. Michigan: University of Michigan, 1982. Mimeo.
SHARWOOD-SMITH, Michael A. On first language loss in the second language acquirer: problems of transfer. In: GASS, Susan M.; SELINKER, Larry (ed.). Language transfer in language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1983. p. 222–231.
SHEN, Fan. The classroom and the wider culture: identity as a key to learning English composition. College Composition and Communication, Urbana, v. 40, p. 459-66, 1988.
UYSAL, Hacer Hande. Argumentation across L1 and L2 writing: exploring cultural influences and transfer issues. VIAL: Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vigo, GZ, n. 9, p. 133-519, 2012.
VARTALLA, Teppo. Remarks on the communicative functions of hedging in popular scientific and specialist research articles on medicine. English for Specific Purposes, New York, v. 18, n. 2, p. 177-200, 1999.
ZUCK, Joyce G.; ZUCK, Louis V. Hedging in news writing. In: CORNU, AnneMarie VANPARIJS, Johan; BATEN, Lut (ed.). Beads or bracelet? How do we approach LSP? Oxford, OX: Oxford University Press, 1987. p. 172-181.
ANTHONY, Laurence. AntConc (Version 3.4.3) [Computer Software]. Tokyo: Waseda University, 2014. Disponível em: http://www.laurenceanthony.net/. Acesso em: 5 abr. 2019.
BERBER-SARDINHA, Tony. Linguística de corpus. São Paulo: Manole, 2004.
BHATIA, Vijay. Applied genre analysis and ESP. In: MILLER, Tom (ed.). Functional approaches to written text: classroom applications. Washington: United States Information Agency, 1997.
BROWN, Penelope; LEVINSON, Stephen. C. Politeness: some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
CARVALHO, Ednúsia Pinto. Marcas de atenuação retórica: um estudo contrastivo. 2011. Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011.
CLYNE, Michael. The sociocultural dimension: the dilemma of the German speaking scholar. In: SCHRODER, Hartmut (ed.). Subject-oriented texts. Languages for special purposes and text theory. Berlin: De Gruyter, 1991. p. 49-68.
CONNOR, Ulla. Contrastive rhetoric: cross-cultural aspects of second language writing. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
GALTUNG, Johan. Deductive thinking and political practice: an essay of the teutonic intellectual style. In: GALTUNG, Johan (ed.). Papers on methodology, essays on methodology. Copenhagen: Ejlers, 1979. v. 2.
HINKEL, Eli. Indirectness in L1 and L2 academic writing. Journal of Pragmatics, Amsterdam, v. 27, n. 3, p. 360-386, 1997.
HYLAND, Ken. Disciplinary discourses: social interactions in academic writing. London: Longman/Ann Arbor, 2000.
HYLAND, Ken. English for academic purposes: an advanced resource book. New York: Routledge, 2006.
HYLAND, Ken. Hedging in academic writing and EAP textbooks. English for Specific Purposes, New York, v. 13, n. 3, p. 239-256, 1994.
HYLAND, Ken. Hedging in scientific research articles. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1998.
HYLAND, Ken. The author in the text: hedging scientific writing. Hong Kong Papers in Linguistics and Language Teaching, Pokfulam, HK, v. 18, p. 33-42, 1995.
KADAR-FULOP, Judith. Culture, writing, and curriculum. In: PURVES, Alan C. (ed.). Writing across languages and cultures: issues in contrastive rhetoric. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988. p. 25-50.
KELLERMAN, Eric. The empirical evidence for the influence of the L1 in interlanguage. In: DAVIES, Alan; CRIPER, Clive; HOWATT, Anthony P. R. (ed.). Interlanguage. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1984. p. 98–122.
KROLL, Barbara. Considerations for teaching na ESL/EFL writing course. In: CELCE-MURCIA, Marianne (ed.). Teaching English as a second/foreign language. Boston: Heinle & Heinle, 2001. p. 219–232.
LACKSTROM, John E.; SELINKER, Larry; TRIMBLE, Louis. Grammar and technical english. English Teaching Forum, Washington, v. 10, n. 5, p. 3-14, 1972.
LAKOFF, George. Hedges: a study in meaning criteria and the logic of fuzzy concepts. Journal of Philosophical Logic, Dordrecht, NL, v. 2, p. 458-508, 1973.
MARKKANEN, Raija; SCHRODER, Hartmut. Hedging and its linguistic realizations in German, english and finnish philosophical texts: a case study. Vaasa: Vaasan Korkeakoulu, 1988a.
MARKKANEN, Raija; SCHRODER, Hartmut. Hedging as a translation problem in scientific texts. In: LAUREN, Christer; NORDMAN, Marianne (ed.). Special language: from human thinking to thinking machines. Clevedon, AV: Multilingual Matters, 1988b. p. 171-180.
MCENERY, Tom; HARDIE, Andrew. Corpus linguistics: method, theory and practice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
MOLSING, Karina Veronica; PERNA, Cristina Becker Lopes. The pronominal use of -se in brazilian portuguese academic writing. Unpublished Manuscript, 2014.
NEARY-SUNDQUIST, Colleen. The use of hedges in the speech of ESL learners. Elia: Estudios de Linguistica Inglesa Aplicada, Madrid, v. 13, p. 149, 2013.
ODLIN, Terence. Language transfer: cross-linguistic influence in language learning. New York: Cambridge U. P., 1989. OXFORD advanced learner’s dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
PURVES, Alan C. Introduction. In: PURVES, Alan C. (ed.). Writing across languages and cultures: issues in contrastive rhetoric. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988. p. 9-21.
REZENDE, Patrícia Almeida; HEMAIS, Bárbara. Análise comparativa de artigos científicos da área da saúde. The ESPecialist, São Paulo, v. 25, n. 2, p. 131-152, 2004.
ROUNDS, P. Hedging in written academic discourse: precision and flexibility. Michigan: University of Michigan, 1982. Mimeo.
SHARWOOD-SMITH, Michael A. On first language loss in the second language acquirer: problems of transfer. In: GASS, Susan M.; SELINKER, Larry (ed.). Language transfer in language learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1983. p. 222–231.
SHEN, Fan. The classroom and the wider culture: identity as a key to learning English composition. College Composition and Communication, Urbana, v. 40, p. 459-66, 1988.
UYSAL, Hacer Hande. Argumentation across L1 and L2 writing: exploring cultural influences and transfer issues. VIAL: Vigo International Journal of Applied Linguistics, Vigo, GZ, n. 9, p. 133-519, 2012.
VARTALLA, Teppo. Remarks on the communicative functions of hedging in popular scientific and specialist research articles on medicine. English for Specific Purposes, New York, v. 18, n. 2, p. 177-200, 1999.
ZUCK, Joyce G.; ZUCK, Louis V. Hedging in news writing. In: CORNU, AnneMarie VANPARIJS, Johan; BATEN, Lut (ed.). Beads or bracelet? How do we approach LSP? Oxford, OX: Oxford University Press, 1987. p. 172-181.
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30-12-2018
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SCHEPERS, Bruna Milano. Estratégias de hedging: um estudo comparativo entre o português brasileiro e o inglês. Entretextos, Londrina, v. 18, n. 2, p. 5–25, 2018. DOI: 10.5433/1519-5392.2018v18n2p5. Disponível em: https://ojs.uel.br/revistas/uel/index.php/entretextos/article/view/30346. Acesso em: 25 dez. 2024.
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