The effect of chewing gum on salivary pH and volume
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/anh.2022v4.id44034Keywords:
Saliva, Salivary Glands, Alkalinization, Chewing Gum, Menthol, Thirst.Abstract
Objective: to assess the hydrogenic potential and salivary volume before and after using menthol chewing gum in healthy volunteers. Method: this is a quantitative, quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test study, carried out with 45 healthy volunteers between 18 and 60 years old. The saliva sample was collected in a non-stimulated manner, following the spitting method. Volunteers were asked to accumulate saliva in their mouths and spit it out into a millimeter flask, every minute, before and after receiving the menthol chewing gum, for ten minutes at each step. Results: in the first stage of collection, the mean hydrogenic potential was 7.06, increasing to 7.42 (p<0.001) after the second stage. Salivary volume increased from 5.95 mL to 23.13 mL (p<0.001). Conclusion: chewing gum after eight hours of fasting caused an increase in the hydrogenic potential and salivary volume. This increase in salivary volume has no clinical relevance for bronchoaspiration.
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Referências
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9. Garcia AKA, Fonseca LF, Furuya RK, Rabelo PD, Rossetto EG. Efeito da goma de mascar sobre a sede: revisão integrativa. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018 Apr;72(2):484-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0132.
10. Garcia AKA, Furuya RK, Conchon MF, Rosseto EG, Dantas RAS, Fonseca LF. Goma de mascar mentolada no manejo da sede pré-operatória: ensaio clínico randomizado. Rev Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2019;27:e3180. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3070.3180
11. Bots CP, Brand HS, Veerman ECI, Korevaar JC, Valentijn-Benz M, Bezemer PD, et al. Chewing gum and a saliva substitute alleviate thirst and xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Mar;20(3):578-84. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfh675.
12. Oyakawa EHR, Harumi E, Contreras SJS. Tasa de flujo salival y nivel de confort al emplear saliva artificial y caramelos de menta sin azúcar en adultos mayores con xerostomía. Rev Estomatol Herediana [Internet]. 2006 [citado 2020 dic 3];16(2):103-9. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=421539346006.
13. Poulton TJ. Gum chewing during pre-anesthetic fasting. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Mar;22(3):288-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03751.x.
14. Navazesh M. Methods for Collecting Saliva. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1993. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x
15. Vantipalli UK, Avula SSJ, Enuganti S, Bandi S, Kakarla P, Kuravadi RV. Effect of three commercially available chewing gums on salivary flow rate and pH in caries-active and caries-free children: An in vivo study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. Jul-Sep 2017;35(3):254-9. doi: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_256_16
16. Said H, Mohammed H. Effect of chewing gum on xerostomia, thirst and interdialytic weight gain in patients on hemodialysis. Life Sci J [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2019 nov 20];10(2):1767-77. Available from: http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life1002/249_17533life1002_1767_1777.pdf.
17. Conchon MF, Nascimento LA, Fonseca LF, Aroni P. Perioperative thirst: an analysis from the perspective of the Symptom Management Theory. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2015 Feb;49(1):122-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420150000100016
18. Silva RPJ, Rampazzo ARP, Nascimento LA, Fonseca LF. Desconfortos esperados e vivenciados por pacientes no pós-operatório imediato. Rev. baiana enferm. [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2019 nov 20]. Disponível em: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-990531
19. Bisinotto FMB, Naves AA, Lima HM, Peixoto ACA, Maia GC, Resende Junior PC, et al. Uso da ultrassonografia para avaliação do volume gástrico após ingestão de diferentes volumes de solução isotônica. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2017;67(4):376-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2016.07.003.
20. Ouanes JPP, Bicket MC, Togioka B, Garcia Tomas V, Wu CL, Murphy JD. The role of perioperative chewing gum on gastric fluid volume and gastric pH: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2015 March;27(2):146-52. doi: 10.1016 / j.jclinane.2014.07.005.
21. Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, Smith A, O’Sullivan G, Søreide E, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Aug;28(8):556-69. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283495ba1.
22. Pierotti I, Nakaya TG, Garcia AKA, Nascimento LA, Conchon MF, Fonseca LF. Avaliação do tempo de jejum e sede no paciente cirúrgico. Rev baiana enferm. 2018;32:e27679. http://dx.doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v32.27679
23. Diógenes DH, Costa CS, Rivanor RLC. Tempo de Jejum no Pré-Operatório de Cirurgias Eletivas em um Hospital de Referência em Trauma no Município de Fortaleza - CE. Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde [Internet]. 2019 [citado 2020 jan 20];23(2):191-6. Disponível em: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-1015127
1. Perlas A, Mitsakakis N, Liu L, Cino M, Haldipur N, Davis L, et al. Validation of a Mathematical Model for Ultrasound Assessment of Gastric Volume by Gastroscopic Examination. Anesth Analg. 2013 Feb; 116(2):357-63. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e318274fc19.
2. Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration. Anesthesiology. 2017 March;126(3):376-93. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001452
3. Poulton TJ. Gum chewing during pre-anesthetic fasting. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Mar;22(3):288-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03751.x
4. Xu F, Laguna L, Sarkar A. Aging-related changes in quantity and quality of saliva: Where do we stand in our understanding? J. Texture Stud. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1111/jtxs.12356.
5. Ligtenberg AJM, Meuffels M, Veerman ECI. Effects of environmental temperature on saliva flow rate and secretion of protein, amylase and mucin 5B. Arch Oral Biol. 2020 Jan;109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104593
6. Conchon MF, Fonseca LF. Efficacy of an Ice Popsicle on Thirst Management in the Immediate Postoperative Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial . J Perianesth Nurs. 2018 Apr;33(2):153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2016.03.009
7. Aroni P, Fonseca LF, Ciol MA, Margatho AS, Galvão CM. The use of mentholated popsicle to reduce thirst during preoperative fasting: a randomised controlled trial. J Clin Nurs. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15138
8. Puntillo K, Arai SR, Cooper BA, Stotts NA, Nelson JE. A randomized clinical trial of an intervention to relieve thirst and dry mouth in intensive care unit patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Jun;40:1295-302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3339-z
9. Garcia AKA, Fonseca LF, Furuya RK, Rabelo PD, Rossetto EG. Efeito da goma de mascar sobre a sede: revisão integrativa. Rev Bras Enferm. 2018 Apr;72(2):484-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0132.
10. Garcia AKA, Furuya RK, Conchon MF, Rosseto EG, Dantas RAS, Fonseca LF. Goma de mascar mentolada no manejo da sede pré-operatória: ensaio clínico randomizado. Rev Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2019;27:e3180. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.3070.3180
11. Bots CP, Brand HS, Veerman ECI, Korevaar JC, Valentijn-Benz M, Bezemer PD, et al. Chewing gum and a saliva substitute alleviate thirst and xerostomia in patients on haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005 Mar;20(3):578-84. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfh675.
12. Oyakawa EHR, Harumi E, Contreras SJS. Tasa de flujo salival y nivel de confort al emplear saliva artificial y caramelos de menta sin azúcar en adultos mayores con xerostomía. Rev Estomatol Herediana [Internet]. 2006 [citado 2020 dic 3];16(2):103-9. Disponible en: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=421539346006.
13. Poulton TJ. Gum chewing during pre-anesthetic fasting. Paediatr Anaesth. 2012 Mar;22(3):288-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2011.03751.x.
14. Navazesh M. Methods for Collecting Saliva. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1993. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x
15. Vantipalli UK, Avula SSJ, Enuganti S, Bandi S, Kakarla P, Kuravadi RV. Effect of three commercially available chewing gums on salivary flow rate and pH in caries-active and caries-free children: An in vivo study. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. Jul-Sep 2017;35(3):254-9. doi: 10.4103/JISPPD.JISPPD_256_16
16. Said H, Mohammed H. Effect of chewing gum on xerostomia, thirst and interdialytic weight gain in patients on hemodialysis. Life Sci J [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2019 nov 20];10(2):1767-77. Available from: http://www.lifesciencesite.com/lsj/life1002/249_17533life1002_1767_1777.pdf.
17. Conchon MF, Nascimento LA, Fonseca LF, Aroni P. Perioperative thirst: an analysis from the perspective of the Symptom Management Theory. Rev Esc Enferm USP. 2015 Feb;49(1):122-8. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420150000100016
18. Silva RPJ, Rampazzo ARP, Nascimento LA, Fonseca LF. Desconfortos esperados e vivenciados por pacientes no pós-operatório imediato. Rev. baiana enferm. [Internet]. 2018 [citado 2019 nov 20]. Disponível em: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-990531
19. Bisinotto FMB, Naves AA, Lima HM, Peixoto ACA, Maia GC, Resende Junior PC, et al. Uso da ultrassonografia para avaliação do volume gástrico após ingestão de diferentes volumes de solução isotônica. Rev Bras Anestesiol. 2017;67(4):376-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjan.2016.07.003.
20. Ouanes JPP, Bicket MC, Togioka B, Garcia Tomas V, Wu CL, Murphy JD. The role of perioperative chewing gum on gastric fluid volume and gastric pH: a meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2015 March;27(2):146-52. doi: 10.1016 / j.jclinane.2014.07.005.
21. Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, Smith A, O’Sullivan G, Søreide E, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2011 Aug;28(8):556-69. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0b013e3283495ba1.
22. Pierotti I, Nakaya TG, Garcia AKA, Nascimento LA, Conchon MF, Fonseca LF. Avaliação do tempo de jejum e sede no paciente cirúrgico. Rev baiana enferm. 2018;32:e27679. http://dx.doi.org/10.18471/rbe.v32.27679
23. Diógenes DH, Costa CS, Rivanor RLC. Tempo de Jejum no Pré-Operatório de Cirurgias Eletivas em um Hospital de Referência em Trauma no Município de Fortaleza - CE. Rev. bras. ciênc. saúde [Internet]. 2019 [citado 2020 jan 20];23(2):191-6. Disponível em: https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/biblio-1015127
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Published
2022-06-24
How to Cite
Pickina, R., Korki Arrabal Garcia, A., Alves do Nascimento, L., Gonçalves Nakaya, T., & Fahl Fonseca, L. (2022). The effect of chewing gum on salivary pH and volume. Advances in Nursing and Health, 4. https://doi.org/10.5433/anh.2022v4.id44034
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