Lithium in Brazil: history, policies and industrial challenges

Abstract

Lithium, a lightweight metal with high electrochemical potential, plays a central role in the energy transition and decarbonization, being essential for the development of rechargeable batteries used in renewable energies, electronic devices, and electric mobility. With the growing global demand, there is a significant increase in the search for lithium, both in terms of its mining and in the control of the entire production chain, from mine extraction to battery manufacturing. This article analyzes the historical evolution of lithium in Brazil, from its initial exploitation to its industrialization. A qualitative methodology is employed, based on bibliographic and documentary analysis, including reports, scientific articles, and government publications. The analysis aims to build a contextualized narrative exploring the interactions between the lithium industry and social and political dynamics in Brazil. By systematizing the history of lithium exploitation and industrialization, the article contributes to the understanding of the role of this industry in the contemporary Brazilian context, providing a foundation for future studies on the social impacts and the importance of controlling this chain in the energy transition.