Urogenital Tuberculosis with Bladder Involvement: Case Report

Abstract

Urogenital tuberculosis is one of the most common forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and usually results from hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Involvement of the genitourinary tract may affect the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, with vesical involvement representing a frequently underdiagnosed manifestation, as it often presents with nonspecific urinary symptoms that hinder diagnosis. Early management is essential to prevent complications and disease progression, and treatment is based on first-line antitubercular drug regimens. Method: This is a descriptive observational study aiming to report a case of urogenital tuberculosis with bladder involvement. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 72-year-old male patient diagnosed with urogenital tuberculosis, manifesting in the rare form of bladder tuberculosis. The investigation included clinical, laboratory, and histopathological examinations. The diagnosis was confirmed by identifying inflammatory granulomas with caseous necrosis in bladder lesions and PCR detection in urine. Discussion: Urogenital TB, as reported in this case, is often underdiagnosed but ranks as the second or third most common extrapulmonary TB manifestation. It results from the hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a prior or concomitant pulmonary infection. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering urogenital tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis in cases of insidious genitourinary tract involvement.