Herbicide Paraquat: concepts, mode of action and related diseases

Abstract

Paraquat is a no selective contact herbicide with function to combat weeds, which operates through mechanisms of induction of oxidative stress by increased production of free radicals associated with depletion of antioxidant systems of the body. This herbicide can cause physiological changes and death in animals and humans. This literature review sought to discuss the mode of action of paraquat in plants, approach studies related to their effects on pests and beneficial insects, humans and other animals. The Paraquat plays a causal role in neurotoxicity, because the brain has low levels of antioxidant enzymes and high lipid content, making it susceptible to attack by reactive oxygen species. The free radicals are formed by incomplete reduction of oxygen, generating reactive oxygen species that have high reactivity to other molecules, particularly lipids, cell membrane proteins and DNA. Ecologically sustainable agricultural systems is important that control methods take into account the preservation of biological diversity, low environmental impact, and reducing populations of non-beneficial organisms, causing the least effect on other beneficial agents.