Técnicas de amortecimento para conversores conectados à rede elétrica com filtro LCL: uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2021v42n2p227Palavras-chave:
Qualidade de energia, Filtros digitais, Controle de corrente, Fontes renováveis, Eletrônica de potênciaResumo
Sistemas de geração distribuída, baseados em fontes de energia renováveis, são tipicamente conectados a rede elétrica através de um inversor de frequência com um filtro passa-baixa. A necessidade de uma maior eficiência levou ao uso de filtros passa-baixa de terceira ordem, como a configuração LCL, que possui um comportamento ressonante. Para que seja possível atender as exigências para qualidade de energia e garantir a estabilidade do sistema é necessário suprimir a ressonância do filtro LCL através de técnicas de amortecimento. Portanto, este artigo apresenta um resumo de algumas estratégias de amortecimento encontradas na literatura e considerações de projeto, aplicado a um inversor monofásico conectado à rede elétrica simulado. A comparação das características de cada metodologia de amortecimento apresentada é descrita, com a análise de vantagens e desvantagens para cada caso.Referências
BALASUBRAMANIAN, A. K.; JOHN, V. Analysis and design of split-capacitor resistive inductive passive damping for LCL filters in grid-connected inverters. IET Power Electron, [s. l.], v. 6, p. 1822–1832, 2013. DOI: 10.1049/ietpel.2012.0679.
BARBOSA, A. U.; ALMEIDA, B. R.; GUIMARÃES, J. S.; OLIVEIRA, D. S. Distributed generation system using renewable energy sources and a new converter topology. In: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS -INDUSCON, 12., 2016, Curitiba. Proceedings [. . . ]. Curitiba: IEEE, 2016. p. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/INDUSCON.2016.7874583.
BASSO, C. P. Transfer Functions. In: BASSO, C. P. (ed.). Linear circuit transfer functions: an introduction to fast analytical techniques. [New York]: John Wiley & Sons, 2016. p. 41-115. DOI: 10.1002/9781119236344.ch02.
BERES, R. N.; WANG, X.; BLAABJERG, F.; LISERRE, M.; BAK, C. L. Optimal design of high-order passivedamped filters for grid-connected applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 31, n. 3, p. 2083-2098, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2441299.
CALZO, G. L.; LEGA, M.; LIDOZZI, A.; SOLERO, L.; CRESCINBINI, F. Single-phase three-level transformerless inverter for residential distributed generation. In: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION, 2012, Florence. Proceedings [. . . ]. Florence: IEEE, 2012. p. 7–12. DOI: 10.1109/Energy-Con.2012.6348260.
CHA, H.; VU, T. Comparative analysis of low-pass output filter for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. In: ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION - APEC, 2010, Palm Springs. Conference [. . . ].Palm Springs: IEEE, 2010. p. 1659-1665. DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2010.5433454.
CHANNEGOWDA, P.; JOHN V. Filter optimization for grid interactive voltage source inverters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, New York, v. 57, n. 12, p. 4106- 4114, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2042421.
CIOBOTARU, M.; ROSSÉ, A.; BEDE, L.; KARANAYIL, B.; AGELIDIS, V. G. Adaptive Notch filter based active damping for power converters using LCL filters. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER ELECTRONICS FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS -PEDG, 7., 2016, Vancouver. Symposium [. . . ].Vancouver: IEEE, 2016. p. 1-7. DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2016.7527081.
DANNEHL, J.; LISERRE, M.; FUCHS, F. W. Filter based active damping of voltage source converters with lcl filter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, New York, v. 58, n. 8, p. 3623-3633, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2081952.
GOMES, C. C.; CUPERTINO, A. F.; PEREIRA, H. A. Damping techniques for grid-connected voltage source converters based on LCL filter: An overview, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 81, p. 116-135, 2018. ISSN 1364-0321, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.050.
GUO, X.; WU, W.; GU, H. Modeling and simulation of direct output current control for LCL-interfaced gridconnected inverters with parallel passive damping, Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory, v. 18, p. 946–956, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2010.02.010.
IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. IEEE, New York, p. 1-138, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8332112.
KANG, Y.; DAI. K.; DUAN. K.; KANG, Y. Application of a C-Type filter based LCFL output filter to shunt active power filters. Journal of Power Electronics, Stevenson Ranch, v. 13, n. 6, p. 1058–1069, 2013. DOI: 10.6113/JPE.2013.13.6.1058.
KAURANIEMI, J.; LAAKSO, T. I.; HARTIMO, I.; OVASKA, S. J. Delta operator realizations of directform IIR filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: analog and digital signal processing, Piscataway, v. 45, n. 1, p. 41-52, 1998. DOI: 10.1109/82.659455.
KRAEMER, R. A. S.; CARATI, E. G.; COSTA, J. P.; CARDOSO, R.; STEIN, C. M. O. Robust design of control structure for three-phase grid-tied inverters. In: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS -INDUSCON, 13., 2018, São Paulo. Proceedings [. . . ]. São Paulo: IEEE, 2018. p. 636-643. DOI: 10.1109/INDUSCON.2018.8627068.
LISERRE, M.; BLAABJERG, F.; HANSEN, S. Design and control of an LCL-filter-based three-phase active rectifier, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1281-1291, Sept.-Oct. 2005, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2005.853373.
LISTON, R. A.; CARATI; E. G.; CARDOSO, R.; COSTA, J. P.; STEIN, C. M. O. A Robust design of active damping with a current estimator for singlephase grid-tied inverters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, New York, v. 54, n. 5, p. 4672-4681, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2838074.
LIU, T., LIU, J., LIU, Z., LIU, Z. A Study of virtual resistor-based active damping alternatives for lcl resonance in grid-connected voltage source inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 35, n. 1, p. 247- 262, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2911163.
PARKER, S. G.; MCGRATH, B. P.; HOLMES, D. G. Regions of active damping control for LCL filters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, New York, v. 50, p. 424 - 432, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2266892.
PEÑA-ALZOLA, R.; LISERRE, M; BLAABJERG, F.; SEBASTIÁN, R.; DANNEHL, J.; FUCHS, F. W. Analysis of the passive damping losses in LCL-filter-based grid converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 28, n. 6, p. 2642-2646, 2013a. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2222931.
PEÑA-ALZOLA, R.; LISERRE, M.; BLAABJERG, F.; ORDONEZ, M.; YANG, Y. LCL-filter design for robust active damping in grid connected converters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Piscataway, v. 10, p. 2192 - 2203, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2014.2361604.
PEÑA-ALZOLA, R.; LISERRE, M.; BLAABJERG, F.; KEREKES, T. Self-commissioning notch filter for active damping in three phase LCL-filter based grid converters. In: CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS - EPE, 15., 2013b, Lille. Proceedings [. . . ]. Lille: IEEE, 2013. p. 1-9. DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2013.6631962.
ROCKHILL, A. A.; LISERRE, M.; TEODORESCU, R.; RODRIGUEZ, P. Grid-Filter design for a multimegawatt medium-voltage voltage-source inverter. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, New York, v. 58, n. 4, p. 1205- 1217, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2087293.
WANG, T. C. Y.; YE, Z.; SINHA, G.; YUAN, X. Output filter design for a grid-interconnected three-phase inverter. In: ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALIST, 34., 2003, Acapulco. Proceedings [. . . ]. Acapulco: IEEE, 2003. p. 779-784. DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218154.
XIN, Z.; LOH, P. C.; WANG, X.; BLAABJERG, F.; TANG, Y. Highly Accurate Derivatives for LCLfiltered grid converter with capacitor voltage active damping. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 31, n. 5, p. 3612-3625, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2467313.
YADAV, A.; SRIVASTAVA, L. Optimal placement of distributed generation: an overview and key issues. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER SIGNALS CONTROL AND COMPUTATIONS - EPSCICON, 2014,Thrissur. Proceedings [. . . ]. Thrissur: IEEE, 2014. p. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/EPSCICON.2014.6887517. 2014
YAGNIK, U. P.; SOLANKI, M. D. Comparison of L, LC and LCL filter for grid connected converter, 2017 International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI), 2017, pp. 455-458, DOI: 10.1109/ICOEI.2017.8300968.
YAO, W.; YANG, Y.; ZHANG, X.; BLAABJERG, F.; LOH, P. C. Design and analysis of robust active damping for lcl filters using digital notch filters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 32, n. 3, p. 2360-2375, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2565598.
YEPES, A. G.; FREIJEDO, F. D.; DOVAL-GANDOY, J.; LÓPEZ, Ó.; MALVAR, J.; FERNANDEZ-COMESAÑA, P. Effects of discretization methods on the performance of resonant controllers. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 25, n. 7, p. 1692-1712, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2041256.
YUAN, X.; MERK, W.; STEMMLER, H.; ALLMELING, J.; Stationary-frame generalized integrators for current control of active power filters with zero steady-state error for current harmonics of concern under unbalanced and distorted operating conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, New York, v. 38, n. 2, p. 523-532, 2002. DOI: 10.1109/28.993175.
BARBOSA, A. U.; ALMEIDA, B. R.; GUIMARÃES, J. S.; OLIVEIRA, D. S. Distributed generation system using renewable energy sources and a new converter topology. In: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS -INDUSCON, 12., 2016, Curitiba. Proceedings [. . . ]. Curitiba: IEEE, 2016. p. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/INDUSCON.2016.7874583.
BASSO, C. P. Transfer Functions. In: BASSO, C. P. (ed.). Linear circuit transfer functions: an introduction to fast analytical techniques. [New York]: John Wiley & Sons, 2016. p. 41-115. DOI: 10.1002/9781119236344.ch02.
BERES, R. N.; WANG, X.; BLAABJERG, F.; LISERRE, M.; BAK, C. L. Optimal design of high-order passivedamped filters for grid-connected applications. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 31, n. 3, p. 2083-2098, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2441299.
CALZO, G. L.; LEGA, M.; LIDOZZI, A.; SOLERO, L.; CRESCINBINI, F. Single-phase three-level transformerless inverter for residential distributed generation. In: INTERNATIONAL ENERGY CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION, 2012, Florence. Proceedings [. . . ]. Florence: IEEE, 2012. p. 7–12. DOI: 10.1109/Energy-Con.2012.6348260.
CHA, H.; VU, T. Comparative analysis of low-pass output filter for single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic inverter. In: ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION - APEC, 2010, Palm Springs. Conference [. . . ].Palm Springs: IEEE, 2010. p. 1659-1665. DOI: 10.1109/APEC.2010.5433454.
CHANNEGOWDA, P.; JOHN V. Filter optimization for grid interactive voltage source inverters, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, New York, v. 57, n. 12, p. 4106- 4114, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2042421.
CIOBOTARU, M.; ROSSÉ, A.; BEDE, L.; KARANAYIL, B.; AGELIDIS, V. G. Adaptive Notch filter based active damping for power converters using LCL filters. INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON POWER ELECTRONICS FOR DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS -PEDG, 7., 2016, Vancouver. Symposium [. . . ].Vancouver: IEEE, 2016. p. 1-7. DOI: 10.1109/PEDG.2016.7527081.
DANNEHL, J.; LISERRE, M.; FUCHS, F. W. Filter based active damping of voltage source converters with lcl filter. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, New York, v. 58, n. 8, p. 3623-3633, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2081952.
GOMES, C. C.; CUPERTINO, A. F.; PEREIRA, H. A. Damping techniques for grid-connected voltage source converters based on LCL filter: An overview, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, v. 81, p. 116-135, 2018. ISSN 1364-0321, DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.07.050.
GUO, X.; WU, W.; GU, H. Modeling and simulation of direct output current control for LCL-interfaced gridconnected inverters with parallel passive damping, Simulation Modeling Practice and Theory, v. 18, p. 946–956, 2010. DOI: 10.1016/j.simpat.2010.02.010.
IEEE Standard for Interconnection and Interoperability of Distributed Energy Resources with Associated Electric Power Systems Interfaces. IEEE, New York, p. 1-138, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2018.8332112.
KANG, Y.; DAI. K.; DUAN. K.; KANG, Y. Application of a C-Type filter based LCFL output filter to shunt active power filters. Journal of Power Electronics, Stevenson Ranch, v. 13, n. 6, p. 1058–1069, 2013. DOI: 10.6113/JPE.2013.13.6.1058.
KAURANIEMI, J.; LAAKSO, T. I.; HARTIMO, I.; OVASKA, S. J. Delta operator realizations of directform IIR filters. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: analog and digital signal processing, Piscataway, v. 45, n. 1, p. 41-52, 1998. DOI: 10.1109/82.659455.
KRAEMER, R. A. S.; CARATI, E. G.; COSTA, J. P.; CARDOSO, R.; STEIN, C. M. O. Robust design of control structure for three-phase grid-tied inverters. In: IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS -INDUSCON, 13., 2018, São Paulo. Proceedings [. . . ]. São Paulo: IEEE, 2018. p. 636-643. DOI: 10.1109/INDUSCON.2018.8627068.
LISERRE, M.; BLAABJERG, F.; HANSEN, S. Design and control of an LCL-filter-based three-phase active rectifier, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 1281-1291, Sept.-Oct. 2005, DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2005.853373.
LISTON, R. A.; CARATI; E. G.; CARDOSO, R.; COSTA, J. P.; STEIN, C. M. O. A Robust design of active damping with a current estimator for singlephase grid-tied inverters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, New York, v. 54, n. 5, p. 4672-4681, 2018. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2838074.
LIU, T., LIU, J., LIU, Z., LIU, Z. A Study of virtual resistor-based active damping alternatives for lcl resonance in grid-connected voltage source inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 35, n. 1, p. 247- 262, 2020. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2019.2911163.
PARKER, S. G.; MCGRATH, B. P.; HOLMES, D. G. Regions of active damping control for LCL filters. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, New York, v. 50, p. 424 - 432, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2013.2266892.
PEÑA-ALZOLA, R.; LISERRE, M; BLAABJERG, F.; SEBASTIÁN, R.; DANNEHL, J.; FUCHS, F. W. Analysis of the passive damping losses in LCL-filter-based grid converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 28, n. 6, p. 2642-2646, 2013a. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2012.2222931.
PEÑA-ALZOLA, R.; LISERRE, M.; BLAABJERG, F.; ORDONEZ, M.; YANG, Y. LCL-filter design for robust active damping in grid connected converters. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Piscataway, v. 10, p. 2192 - 2203, 2014. DOI: 10.1109/TII.2014.2361604.
PEÑA-ALZOLA, R.; LISERRE, M.; BLAABJERG, F.; KEREKES, T. Self-commissioning notch filter for active damping in three phase LCL-filter based grid converters. In: CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND APPLICATIONS - EPE, 15., 2013b, Lille. Proceedings [. . . ]. Lille: IEEE, 2013. p. 1-9. DOI: 10.1109/EPE.2013.6631962.
ROCKHILL, A. A.; LISERRE, M.; TEODORESCU, R.; RODRIGUEZ, P. Grid-Filter design for a multimegawatt medium-voltage voltage-source inverter. IEEE transactions on industrial electronics, New York, v. 58, n. 4, p. 1205- 1217, 2011. DOI: 10.1109/TIE.2010.2087293.
WANG, T. C. Y.; YE, Z.; SINHA, G.; YUAN, X. Output filter design for a grid-interconnected three-phase inverter. In: ANNUAL CONFERENCE ON POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALIST, 34., 2003, Acapulco. Proceedings [. . . ]. Acapulco: IEEE, 2003. p. 779-784. DOI: 10.1109/PESC.2003.1218154.
XIN, Z.; LOH, P. C.; WANG, X.; BLAABJERG, F.; TANG, Y. Highly Accurate Derivatives for LCLfiltered grid converter with capacitor voltage active damping. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 31, n. 5, p. 3612-3625, 2016. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2015.2467313.
YADAV, A.; SRIVASTAVA, L. Optimal placement of distributed generation: an overview and key issues. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON POWER SIGNALS CONTROL AND COMPUTATIONS - EPSCICON, 2014,Thrissur. Proceedings [. . . ]. Thrissur: IEEE, 2014. p. 1-6. DOI: 10.1109/EPSCICON.2014.6887517. 2014
YAGNIK, U. P.; SOLANKI, M. D. Comparison of L, LC and LCL filter for grid connected converter, 2017 International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICEI), 2017, pp. 455-458, DOI: 10.1109/ICOEI.2017.8300968.
YAO, W.; YANG, Y.; ZHANG, X.; BLAABJERG, F.; LOH, P. C. Design and analysis of robust active damping for lcl filters using digital notch filters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 32, n. 3, p. 2360-2375, 2017. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2016.2565598.
YEPES, A. G.; FREIJEDO, F. D.; DOVAL-GANDOY, J.; LÓPEZ, Ó.; MALVAR, J.; FERNANDEZ-COMESAÑA, P. Effects of discretization methods on the performance of resonant controllers. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, New York, v. 25, n. 7, p. 1692-1712, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/TPEL.2010.2041256.
YUAN, X.; MERK, W.; STEMMLER, H.; ALLMELING, J.; Stationary-frame generalized integrators for current control of active power filters with zero steady-state error for current harmonics of concern under unbalanced and distorted operating conditions. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, New York, v. 38, n. 2, p. 523-532, 2002. DOI: 10.1109/28.993175.
Downloads
Publicado
2021-12-02
Como Citar
Romão, A. de A., & da Silva, N. (2021). Técnicas de amortecimento para conversores conectados à rede elétrica com filtro LCL: uma revisão. Semina: Ciências Exatas E Tecnológicas, 42(2), 227–241. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0375.2021v42n2p227
Edição
Seção
Artigos de Revisão
Licença
Os Direitos Autorais para artigos publicados nesta revista são de direito do autor. Em virtude de aparecerem nesta revista de acesso público, os artigos são de uso gratuito, com atribuições próprias, em aplicações educacionais e não-comerciais. A revista se reserva o direito de efetuar, nos originais, alterações de ordem normativa, ortográfica e gramatical, com vistas a manter o padrão culto da língua e a credibilidade do veículo. Respeitará, no entanto, o estilo de escrever dos autores. Alterações, correções ou sugestões de ordem conceitual serão encaminhadas aos autores, quando necessário. Nesses casos, os artigos, depois de adequados, deverão ser submetidos a nova apreciação. As opiniões emitidas pelos autores dos artigos são de sua exclusiva responsabilidade.
Esta obra está licenciada com uma Licença Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial 4.0 Internacional.
