Peptídeos bioativos da cartilagem e da mucosa intestinal de bovinos como substitutos do plasma bovino desidratado em dietas para leitões em fase de creche
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2026v47n1p145Palavras-chave:
Desempenho pós-desmame, Eficiência alimentar, Leitões desmamados, Perfil de peptídeos funcionais, Substituição do plasma bovino.Resumo
Peptídeos solúveis da mucosa intestinal e da cartilagem de bovinos (Peptipro®) são obtidos por hidrólise enzimática, sendo coprodutos da extração de heparina e condroitina. Esta hidrólise libera componentes bioativos e resulta em um produto de alta digestibilidade. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os peptídeos bioativos contidos no Peptipro®, e avaliar o efeito da sua inclusão na dieta sobre o desempenho e a saúde intestinal de leitões desmamados, comparado com dietas contendo plasma bovino desidratado fornecidas na creche. Uma amostra de Peptipro® foi submetida a sequenciamento de peptídeos por espectrometria de massa. O experimento de desempenho foi realizado em delineamento de blocos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 3 x 2 com dez repetições. Os fatores foram a dieta e o sexo dos leitões, e os blocos foram definidos com base no peso corporal (PC) inicial. As dietas experimentais foram Plasma bovino (PBov): 6% e 3% de plasma bovino desidratado nas fases Pré-inicial I (primeira semana) e II (segunda semana); Substituição parcial do PBov por Peptipro® (PBov-Pep): 3% de PBov desidratado e 3% de Peptipro® na fase Pré-inicial I, e 1,5% de cada ingrediente na fase Pré-inicial II; e Peptipro®: 3% e 1.5% de Peptipro® nas fases Pré-inicial I e II, respectivamente. Nas fases Inicial I (terceira semana) e Inicial II (últimos 18 dias), a mesma dieta foi fornecida para todos os grupos experimentais. O total de 120 leitões (6,92 ± 0,77 kg PC), sendo 60 machos imunocastrados e 60 fêmeas, foram distribuídos em 30 baias com quatro animais por baia e alimentados à vontade por 39 dias. Um total de 176 peptídeos foram identificados no Peptipro®, dos quais 71 possuem funções bioativas relacionadas à regulação do metabolismo energético (74,6%), regulação da pressão arterial (63,4%), ação antioxidante (8,4%), imunomoduladora (2,8%) e outros processos metabólicos (4,2%). A permeabilidade intestinal, avaliada com o marcador isotiocianato de fluoresceína-dextran (FITC-dextran), não foi influencia pela dieta (P = 0,308). Na fase Pré-inicial II, a dieta Peptipro® aumentou o ganho médio diário em 12,8% em relação a dieta PBov-Pep (0,397 vs. 0,352 kg animal-1 dia-1; P = 0,044) sem afetar o consumo de ração (média de 0,444 kg animal-1 dia-1; P = 0,198), resultando em melhor conversão alimentar (1,08 vs. 1,25 kg de ração kg-1 ganho de peso; P = 0,001). O escore de fezes não foi influenciado pela dieta, pelo sexo ou pela interação entre ambos (P>0,05), apresentando valores médios de 51,5; 35,5 e 13,0% para frequência relativa de fezes normais, pastosas e aquosas. Devido ao bom perfil de aminoácidos, ao amplo espectro de peptídeos bioativos e seu efeito positivo no desempenho animal, o Peptipro® pode substituir o Pbov desidratado em dietas pré-iniciais de leitões na creche.
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