How canopy structural and morphological characteristics, and forage chemical composition affect a pasture-based dairy system?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3379Palabras clave:
Cynodon, Forage chemical composition, Grazing management, Megathyrsus, Urochloa.Resumen
Pasture-based systems are prevalent among small-scale family farms. Many farmers consider that the nutritional value of the plant is more relevant than the canopy structure. This study aimed to analyze the various factors related to plant structure and chemical composition that most influence milk yield per hectare under rotational stocking. The experiment was performed at the Animal Husbandry Experimental Station of the Extreme South of Bahia. Three rotational stocking systems with three forage species [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Tifton 85, Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Xaraés, and Megathyrsus maximus Jacq. cv. Mombasa] were evaluated. Nine crossbred Holstein x Gyr cows were allocated to a balanced 3 x 3 Latin square design. The cows were rotated in three pastures every 14 days. The experimental period consisted of seven evaluation cycles of 42 days each. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and multivariate linear regression were the statistical techniques used to evaluate plant structure and morphological characteristics, and animal performance. Xaraés palisadegrass and Mombasa guinea grass were similar for all evaluated characteristics (P > 0.05), whereas Tifton 85 was different from them in terms of structural, morphological, and chemical composition characteristics (P < 0.05). In the PCA, 59.1% of the total variance was explained by components 1 and 2 for the structural and morphological characteristics, and forage chemical composition. Forage structural and morphological variables showed better results in the multivariate linear regression analysis for milk yield per hectare. Structural and morphological characteristics were more correlated with Mombasa guinea grass than Xaraés palisadegrass and Tifton 85. The structural and morphological characteristics of forages were the main factors determining milk yield per hectare in exclusively pasture-based systems with animals of low production.Citas
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Fonseca, L., Mezzalira, J. C., Bremm, C., Arruda, R. S., Fº., Gonda, H. L., & Carvalho, P. C. F. (2012). Management targets for maximising the short-term herbage intake rate of cattle grazing in Sorghum bicolor. Livestock Science, 145(1-3), 205-211. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.02
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Geremia, E. V., Pereira, L. E., Paiva, A. J., Oliveira, L. P., & Silva, S. C. (2014). Intake rate and nutritive value of elephant grass cv. Napier subjected to strategies of rotational stocking management. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales, 2(1), 51-52. doi: 10.17138/tgft(2)51-52
Gomes, F. K., Oliveira, M. D. B. L., Homem, B. G. C., Boddey, R. M., Bernardes, T. F., Gionbelli, M. P.,... Casagrande, D. R. (2018). Effects of grazing management in brachiaria grass-forage peanut pastures on canopy structure and forage intake. Journal of Animal Science, 96(9), 3837-3849. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky 236
Gregorini, P., Gunter, S. A., Bowman, M. T., Caldwell, J. D., Masino, C. A., Coblentz, W. K., & Beck, P. A. (2011). Effect of herbage depletion on short-term foraging dynamics and diet quality of steers grazing wheat pastures. Journal of Animal Science, 89(11), 3824-3830. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3725
Guzatti, G. C., Duchini, P. G., Sbrissia, A. F., Mezzalira, J. C., Almeida, J. G. R., Carvalho, P. C. F., & Ribeiro, H. M. N., Fº. (2017). Changes in the short‐term intake rate of herbage by heifers grazing annual grasses throughout the growing season. Grassland Science, 63(4), 255-264. doi: 10.1111/grs.12 170
Hack, E. C., Bona, A., Fº., Moraes, A., Carvalho, P. C. F., Martinichen, D., & Pereira, T. N. (2007). Características estruturais e produção de leite em pastos de capim-mombaça (Panicum maximum Jacq.) submetidos a diferentes alturas de pastejo. Ciência Rural, 37(1), 218-222. doi: 10.1590/S0103-8478200 7000100035
Holden, L. A. (1999). Comparison of methods of in vitro dry matter digestibility for ten feeds. Journal of Dairy Science, 82(8), 1791-1794. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75409-3
Homem, B. G. C., Lima, I. B. G., Spasiani, P. P., Borges, L. P., Boddey, R. M., Dubeux, J. C. B., Jr.,... Casagrande, D. R. (2021b). Palisadegrass pastures with or without nitrogen or mixed with forage peanut grazed to a similar target canopy height. 2. Effects on animal performance, forage intake and digestion, and nitrogen metabolism. Grass and Forage Science, 76(3), 1-13. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12533
Homem, B. G. C., Lima, I. B. G., Spasiani, P. P., Ferreira, I. M., Boddey, R. M., Bernardes, T. F.,... Casagrande, D. R. (2021a). Palisadegrass pastures with or without nitrogen or mixed with forage peanut grazed to a similar target canopy height. 1. Effects on herbage mass, canopy structure and forage nutritive value. Grass and Forage Science, 76(3), 1-14. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12532
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatísticas (2018). Censo agropecuário. Recuperado de https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/3093/agro_2017_resultados_preliminares.pdf
Jank, L., Barrios, S. C., Valle, C. B. do, Simeão, R. M., & Alves, G. F. (2014). The value of improved pastures to Brazilian beef production. Crop and Pasture Science, 65(11), 1132-1137. doi: 10.1071/CP1 3319
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2021-08-12
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Rezende, C. de P., Pereira, J. M., Magalhães, A. F., Ferreira, I. M., Homem, B. G. C., & Casagrande, D. R. (2021). How canopy structural and morphological characteristics, and forage chemical composition affect a pasture-based dairy system?. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(6), 3379–3398. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n6p3379
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