Retrospective study of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis occurrence in São João do Itaperiú, Santa Catarina, Brazil (2013–2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2026v47n1p187Keywords:
Animal health surveillance, Animal transit, Zoonoses.Abstract
Brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis are zoonoses of significant sanitary and economic relevance, making their control a priority within animal health and epidemiological surveillance frameworks. This study aimed to analyze the influence of inter- and intra-municipal cattle transit on the occurrence of these diseases in the municipality of São João do Itaperiú, Santa Catarina, Brazil, between 2013 and 2022. The research was based on official data extracted from the Santa Catarina Agricultural Defense Management System (SIGEN+) and the Brazilian System for Veterinary Surveillance and Emergencies (SISBRAVET), including records of animal movement, diagnostic tests, slaughter, and notifications of positive cases. A total of 1,026 cattle had a length of stay exceeding the average age at slaughter, suggesting their use for reproduction. Of these, 834 had not undergone mandatory sanitary examinations. Among the 157 cattle that tested positive, 135 were diagnosed with brucellosis and 22 with tuberculosis; of these, 131 (83.4%) had entered the municipality without prior testing. Animals without prior testing had a 17.83-fold higher risk of testing positive for brucellosis than previously tested animals. For tuberculosis, animals intended for fattening also showed an increased risk, with an approximately 2.57-fold higher likelihood of testing positive. An incongruity was found between the purpose declared in the Animal Transit Guide (GTA) and the actual use of the animals, revealing regulatory gaps and failures in enforcement. It is recommended that the criteria for issuing GTAs be reassessed, including the requirement for diagnostic testing of uncastrated males and improved monitoring of animals’ residence time on properties. The results reinforce the importance of integrated sanitary policies focused on prevention, traceability, and sanitary education to mitigate the risk of zoonotic disease transmission.
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