Growing Coffea canephora in agroforestry systems with Brazilian firetree, Brazil nut, and teak
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2024v45n1p49Keywords:
Amazon, Planting densities, Conilon, Schizolobium parahyba, Bertholletia excelsa, Tectona grandis.Abstract
Planting coffee in agroforestry systems (AFSs) provides diverse advantages to farmers interested in producing environmental services, such as increased local biodiversity, reduction in soil erosion, improvement in water infiltration into the soil, and regulation of climate extremes. It can also be economically attractive due to the possibility of serving alternative markets that have higher and more stable prices for coffees integrated into alternative systems and the generation of products complementary to coffee. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different planting densities of three forest species on the composition of AFSs with coffee plants under the conditions of the southwestern Amazon region. The study was conducted from November 2014 to June 2021 in the experimental field of Embrapa in Ouro Preto do Oeste, RO, Brazil. The coffee plants were intercropped with three forest species: i) Brazilian firetree (Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum), ii) Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), and iii) teak (Tectona grandis). The treatments used in each experiment were four plant densities of plants: zero (coffee plants only, in full sun), 111 plants ha−1 (10 × 9 m), 222 plants ha−1 (10 × 4.5 m), and 444 plants ha−1 (5 × 4.5 m). The experiments were conducted in a split-plot arrangement, with plots consisting of plant densities and subplots consisting of harvest periods (crop seasons). The experimental design was completely randomized, with nine replications. The part of the plot used for data collection consisted of one planted row with 12 coffee plants. The average and accumulated productivities of coffe plants were evaluated over five harvests (2017-2021). Afforestation of the coffee field with Brazilian firetree plants reduces the mean yield and cumulative yield of C. canephora ‘Conilon’ in the first five commercial crop years. Brazil nut and teak planted at densities of up to 222 trees per hectare did not lead to a reduction in the mean and cumulative yield of coffee plants.
Downloads
References
Alvares, C. A., Stape, J. L., Sentelhas, P. C., Gonçalves, J. L. M., & Sparovek, G. (2013). Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22(6), 711-728. doi: 10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Arango, P. C. Z. (2019). Composición y estructura del dosel de sombra en sistemas agroforestales con café de tres municipios de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Ciência Florestal, 29(2), 685-697. doi: 10.5902/1980509827037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509827037
Araújo, L. F. B. de., Espindula, M. C., Rocha, R. B., Torres, J. D., Campanharo, M., Pego, W. F. O., & Rosa, S. E. S. (2021). Genetic divergence based on leaf vegetative and anatomical traits of Coffea canephora clones. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(5), 2717-2734. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n5p2717 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n5p2717
Baliza, D. P., Cunha, R. L., Castro, E. M., Barbosa, J. P. R. A. D., Pires, M. F., & Gomes, R. A. (2012). Trocas gasosas e características estruturais adaptativas de cafeeiros cultivados em diferentes níveis de radiação. Coffee Science, 7(3), 250-258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v7i1a1305
Carvalho, M., Machado, R. C. R., Ahnert, D., Sodré, G. A., & Sacramento, C. K. (2013). Avaliação da composição e distribuição mineral em componentes foliares de paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum Huber ex Ducke). Agrotrópica, 25(1), 53-60. doi: 10.21757/0103-3816.2013v25n1p53-60 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21757/0103-3816.2013v25n1p53-60
Chaiya, L., Gavinlertvatana, P., Teaumroong, N., Pathom-aree, W., Chaiyasen, A., Sungthong, R., & Lumyong, S. (2021). Enhancing teak (Tectona grandis) seedling growth by rhizosphere microbes: a sustainable way to optimize agroforestry. Microorganisms, 9(9), 1-16. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9091990 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9091990
Cordeiro, M. C., Oliveira, M. C. M. de, Jr., Batista-Gazel, A., Fº., Barros, P. L. C. de, Alves, L. O., & Oliveira, F. de A. (2016). Growth of Schizolobium parahyba var. Amazonicum cropping in presence of Ananas comosus var. Erectifolius in Para state, Brazil. Agrociència, 50(1), 79-88.
Correia, R. M., Andrade, R., Tosato, F., Nascimento, M. T., Pereira, L. L., Araújo, J. B. S., Pintoa, F. E., Endringerd, D. C., Padovanc, M. P., Castro, E. V. R., Partelli, F. L., Filgueiras, P. R., Lacerda, V., Jr., & Romão, W. (2020). Analysis of Robusta coffee cultivated in agroforestry systems (AFS) by ESI-FT-ICR MS and portable NIR associated with sensory analysis. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 94(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103637 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103637
Costa, M. C. F., Oliveira, G. B. S., Modro, A. F. H., Morais, F. F., Evaristo, A. P., & Souza, E. F. M. (2018). Agrobiodiversidade de sistemas agroflorestais com cafeeiro na Amazônia ocidental. Revista Ibero Americana de Ciências Ambientais, 9(2), 84-93. doi: 10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2018.002.0008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6008/CBPC2179-6858.2018.002.0008
Costa, M. G., Tonini, H., & Mendes F. P. (2017). Atributos do solo relacionados com a produção da castanheira-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa). Floresta e Ambiente, 24(1), e20150042. doi: 10.1590/2179-8087.004215 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.004215
Ehrenbergerová, L., Septunová, Z., Habrová, H., Tuesta, R. H. P., & Matula, R. (2019). Shade tree timber as a source of income diversification in agroforestry coffee plantations, Peru. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 342(4), 93-103. doi: 10.19182/bft2019.342.a31812 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.342.a31812
Espindula, M. C., Pinheiro, J. O. C., Cararo, D. C., Silva, E. B., Diocleciano, J. M., Rosa, C., Neto, & Franca, R. M. (2022). Desempenho agronômico e análise econômica do cultivo de cafeeiros clonais no estado do Amazonas. (Circular Técnica, 153). EMBRAPA Rondônia.
Espindula, M. C., Schmidt, R., Verdin, A. C., Fº., Fonseca, A. F. A., & Dias, J. R. M. (2016). Poda de formação em cafeeiros Coffea canéfora. (Comunicado Técnico, 405). EMBRAPA Rondônia.
Espindula, M. C., Tavella, L. B., Schmidt, R., Rocha, R. B., Dias, J. R. M., Bravin, M. P., & Partelli, F. L. (2021). Yield of robusta coffee in different spatial arrangements. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 56(1), e02516. doi: 10.1590/S1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02516 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2021.v56.02516
Freitas, A. F. de., Nadaleti, D. H. S., Silveria, H. R. de O., Carvalho, G. R., Venturin, R. P., & Silva, V. A. (2020). Productivity and beverage sensory quality of arabica coffee intercropped with timber species. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 55(1), e02240. doi: 10.1590/S1678-3921. pab2020.v55.02240 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-3921.pab2020.v55.02240
Gomes, J. M., Silva, J. C. F., Vieira, S. B., Carvalho, J. O. P., Oliveira, L. C. L. Q., & Queiroz, W. T. (2019). Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby pode ser utilizada em enriquecimento de clareiras de exploração florestal na Amazônia. Ciência Florestal, 29(1), 417-424. doi: 10.5902/198050984793 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5902/198050984793
Gomes, L. C., Bianchi, F. J. J. A., Cardoso, I. M., Fernandes, R. B. A., Fernandes, E. I., Fº., & Schulte, R. P. O. (2020). Agroforestry systems can mitigate the impacts of climate change on coffee production: a spatially explicit assessment in Brazil. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 294(1), e106858. doi: 10. 1016/j.agee.2020.106858 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2020.106858
Henrique, N. S., Maltoni, K. L., & Faria, G. A. (2020). Soil quality in two coffee crop systems in the Amazon biome. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 24(6), 379-384. doi: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n6p379-384 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n6p379-384
Henrique, N. S., Maltoni, K. L., & Faria, G. A. (2022). Litterfall decomposition of coffee shaded with Tectona grandis or in full sun. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental, 26(2), 91-96. doi: 10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n2p91-96 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n2p91-96
Jácome, M. G. O., Mantovani, J. R., Silva, A. B. da, Rezende, T. T., & Landgraf, P. R. C. (2020). Soil attributes and coffee yield in an agroforestry system. Coffee Science, 15(1), e151676. doi: 10.25186/.v15i.1676 DOI: https://doi.org/10.25186/.v15i.1676
Marcolan, A. L., & Espindula, M. C. (2015). Café na Amazônia. EMBRAPA Brasília. http://www.alice.cnptia. embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1023755
Martins, E. O., Luz, J. M. R. da, Oliveira, E. C. S., Guarçoni, R. C., Moreira, T. R., Moreli, A. P., Siqueira, E. A., Silva, M. C. S. da, Costa, M. R. G. F., & Pereira, L. L. (2023). Chemical profile and sensory perception of coffee produced in agroforestry management. European Food Research and Technology, 249(1), 1479-1489. doi: 10.1007/s00217-023-04228-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04228-7
Midgley, S., Somaiya, R. T., Stevens, P. R., Brown, A., Nguyen, D. K., & Laity, R. (2015). Planted teak: global production and markets, with reference to Solomon Islands. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research: ACIAR Technical Reports.
Moreira, S. L. S., Pires, C. V., Marcatti, G. E., Santos, R. H. S., Imbuzeiro, H. M. A., & Fernandes, R. B. A. (2018). Intercropping of coffee with the palm tree, macauba can mitigate climate change effects. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 256-257(1), 379-390. doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.03.026 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2018.03.026
Nunes, A. L. P., Cortez, G. L. S., Zaro, G. C., Zorzenoni, T. O., Melo, T. R., Figueiredo, A., Aquino, G. S. de, Medina, C. C., Ralisch, R., Caramori, P. H., & Guimarães, M. F. (2021). Soil morphostructural characterization and coffee root distribution under agroforestry system with Hevea Brasiliensis. Scientia Agricola, 78(6), e20190150. doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2019-0150 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2019-0150
Oliosi, G., Giles, J. A. D., Rodrigues, W. P., Ramalho, J. C., & Partelli, F. L. (2016). Microclimate and development of Coffea canephora cv. Conilon under different shading levels promoted by Australian cedar (Toona ciliata M. Roem. var. Australis). Australian Journal of Crop Science, 10(4), 528-538. doi: 10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04. p7295x DOI: https://doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.2016.10.04.p7295x
Olivas, D. B. L., Tomaz, M. A., Amaral, J. F. T. do, Oliveira, F. L. de, Cavatte, P. C., Christo, B. F., Rodrigues, W. N., Martins, L. D., & Vargas, A. D. (2023). Impact of intercropping on the photosynthetic activity of coffee. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 44(2), 721-738. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n2p721 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2023v44n2p721
Oliveira, R. G., Souza, A. S., Santos, V. A. H. F., Lima, R. M. B., & Ferreira, M. J. (2021). Long-term effects of plant spacing on the growth and morphometry of Bertholletia excelsa. Acta Amazônica, 51(3), 181-190. doi: 10.1590/1809-4392202003611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392202003611
Pezzopane, J. R. M., Marsetti, M. M. S., Ferrari, W. R., & Pezzopane, J. E. M. (2011). Alterações microclimáticas em cultivo de café conilon arborizado com coqueiro-anão-verde. Revista Ciência Agronômica, 42(4), 865-871. doi: 10.1590/S1806-66902011000400007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902011000400007
Pezzopane, J. R. M., Marsetti, M. M. S., Souza, J. M., & Pezzopane, J. E. M. (2010). Condições microclimáticas em cultivo de café conilon a pleno sol e arborizado com nogueira macadâmia. Ciência Rural, 40(6), 1-7. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782010005000098 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84782010005000098
Piato, K., Subía, C., Lefort, F., Pico, J., Calderón, D., & Norgrove, L. (2022). No reduction in yield of young robusta coffee when grown under shade trees in ecuadorian Amazonia. Life, 12(6), 1-18. doi: 10.3390/life12060807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/life12060807
Rocha, R. B., Vieira, D. S., Ramalho, A. R., & Teixeira, A. L. (2013). Caraterização e uso da variabilidade genética do banco ativo de germoplasma de Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner. Coffee Science, 8(4) 478-485.
Scoles, R., Gribel, R., & Klein, G. N. (2011). Crescimento e sobrevivência de castanheira (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) em diferentes condições ambientais na região do rio Trombetas, Oriximiná, Pará. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Ciências Naturais, 6(3), 273-293. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v6i3.610
Silva, A. K. L., Vasconcelos, S. S., Carvalho, C. J. R., & Cordeiro, I. M. C. C. (2011). Litter dynamics and fine root production in Schizolobium parahyba var. Amazonicum plantations and regrowth forest in Eastern Amazon. Plant Soil, 347(1), 377-386. doi: 10.1007/s11104-011-0857-0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0857-0
Silva, C. S., Silva, L. M., Wadt, L. H. O., Miqueloni, D. P., Silva, K. E., & Pereira, M. G. (2021). Soil classes and properties explain the occurrence and fruit production of Brazil nut. Revista Brasileira Ciência do Solo, 45(1), e0200188. doi: 10.36783/18069657rbcs20210001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36783/18069657rbcs20210001
Souza, T. S., Almeida, R. F., & Berilli, S. S. (2019). Efeito do sombreamento na qualidade da bebida de café conilon cultivadoem sistemas consorciados. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias, 14(4), e5782. doi: 10.5039/agraria.v14i4a5782 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5039/agraria.v14i4a5782
Teixeira, A. L., Rocha, R. B., Espindula, M. C., Ramalho, A. R., Vieira, J. R., Jr., Alves, E. A., Lunz, A. M. P., Souza, F. F., Costa, J. N. M., & Fernandes, C. F. (2020). Amazonian Robustas - new Coffea canephora coffee cultivars for the Western Brazilian Amazon. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, 20(3), e323420318. doi: 10.1590/1984-70332020v20n3c53 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-70332020v20n3c53
Torres, J. D., Araújo, L. F. B., Espindula, M. C., Campanharo, M., & Rocha, R. B. (2022). Export of macronutrients for coffee fruits submitted to different doses of formulation 20-00-20. Journal of Plant Nutriton, 45(18), 1-11. doi: 10.1080/01904167.2022.2027975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904167.2022.2027975
Torrez, V., Benavides‑Frias, C., Jacobi, J., & Speranza, C. I. (2023). Ecological quality as a coffee quality enhancer. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 431(19), 2-34. doi: 10.1007/s13593-023-00874-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-023-00874-z
Trevisan, E., Oliveria, M. G.,Valani, G. P., Oliosi, G., Zucoloto, M., Bonomo, R., & Partelli, F. L. (2022). Microclimate and development of Coffea canephora intercropped with Carica papaya: measures to mitigate climate change. Bioscience Journal, 38(1), e38094. doi: 10.14393/BJ-v38n0a2022-57099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v38n0a2022-57099
Verdin, A. C., Fº., Tomaz, M. A., Ferrão, R. G., Ferrão, M. A. G., Fonseca, A. F. A., & Rodrigues, W. N. (2014). Conilon coffee yield using the programmed pruning cycle and different cultivation densities. Coffee Science, 9(4), 489-494.
Verdin, A. C., Fº., Volpi, P. S., Ferrao, M. A. G., Ferrao, R. G., Mauri, A. L., Fonseca, A. F. A., & Andrade, S. (2016). New management technology for arabica coffee: the cyclic pruning program for arabica coffee. Coffee Science, 11(4), 475-483.
Vidaurre, G. B., Vital, B. R., Oliveira, A. C., Oliveira, J. T. S., Moulin, J. C., Silva, J. G. M., & Soranso, D. R. (2018). Physical and mechanical properties of juvenile Schizolobium amazonicum wood. Revista Árvore, 42(1), e420101. doi: 10.1590/1806-90882018000100001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882018000100001
Zaro, G. C., Caramori, P. H., Wrege, M. S., Caldana, N. F. da S., Virgens, J. S. das, Fº., Morais, H., Yada, G. M., Jr., & Caramori, D. C. (2023). Coffee crops adaptation to climate change in agroforestry systems with rubber trees in southern Brazil. Scientia Agricola, 80(1), e20210142. doi: 10.1590/1678-992X-2021-0142 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2021-0142
Zaro, G. C., Caramori, P. H., Yada, G. M., Jr., Sanquetta, C. R., Androcioli, A., Fº., Nunes, A. L. P., Prete, C. E. C., & Voroney, P. (2020). Carbon sequestration in an agroforestry system of coffee with rubber trees compared to open-grown coffee in southern Brazil. Agroforestry Systems, 94(1), 799-809. doi: 10.1007/s10457-019-00450-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-019-00450-z
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adopts the CC-BY-NC license for its publications, the copyright being held by the author, in cases of republication we recommend that authors indicate first publication in this journal.
This license allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and develop the material, as long as it is not for commercial purposes. And due credit must be given to the creator.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
The magazine reserves the right to make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language and the credibility of the vehicle. However, it will respect the writing style of the authors. Changes, corrections or suggestions of a conceptual nature will be sent to the authors when necessary.
