Broiler feed formulated with phosphorus, calcium, and energy deficiencies supplemented with exogenous enzymes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n5p3029Keywords:
Broilers, Performance, Phytase, Metabolism, Enzymatic complex.Abstract
Three experiments were carried out to verify the effects of the enzyme phytase, alone or combined with an enzyme complex, in diets deficient in available phosphorus (AP), calcium (Ca), and metabolizable energy (ME) on broiler performance, ME, and dietary amino acid digestibility. A total of 1,538 male Cobb 500 broilers were allocated to the three experiments, each of which consisted of five treatments: positive control (PC; basal ration); negative control 1 (NC1; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 68 kcal kg-1 ME); negative control 2 (NC2; PC minus 0.15% of AP, 0.16% of Ca, and 101 kcal kg-1 of ME); NC1 plus phytase; and NC2 plus phytase plus enzymatic complex. Body weight gain (WG) and feed intake were measured from 1-21 days and from 1-42 days, and the corrected feed conversion rate (FCR) for mortality was calculated. In the second and third experiments, the apparent ME corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) and standardized digestibility of amino acids, respectively, were determined, for the diets supplemented with phytase and the enzymatic complex. In the first experiment, enzyme supplementation increased (p < 0.05) WG at 21 days and 42 days relative to the negative controls. Phytase inclusion improved (p < 0.05) FCR at the initial phase compared to the NC1 diet. In the second experiment, enzyme supplementation did not affect (p > 0.05) AMEn. In the third experiment, both enzyme treatments improved (p < 0.05) the digestibility of amino acids in the supplemented diets compared to the deficient diets. Supplementation with phytase and carbohydrases preserves the performance of broilers fed diets deficient in AP, Ca, and ME and improves amino acid digestibility.References
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Francesch, M., & Geraert, P. A. (2009). Enzyme complex containing carbohydrases and phytase improves growth performance and bone mineralization of broilers fed reduced nutrient corn-soybean-based diets. Poultry Science, 88(9), 1915-1924. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00073
Fru-Nji, F., Kluenter, A., Fischer, M., & Pontoppidan, K. (2011). A feed serine protease improves broiler performance and increases protein and energy digestibility. Japan Poultry Science Association, 48(4), 239-246. doi: 10.2141/jpsa.011035
Gallardo, C., Dadalt, J. C., Kiarie, E., & Trindade, A. T., Neto. (2017). Effects of multi carbohydrase and phytase on standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids and apparent metabolizable energy in canola meal fed to broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 96(9), 3305-3313. doi: 10.3382/ps/pex141
Gallardo, C., Dadalt, J. C., & Trindade, A. T., Neto. (2018). Nitrogen retention, energy, and amino acid digestibility of wheat bran, without or with multicarbohydrase and phytase supplementation, fed to broiler chickens. Journal of Animal Science, 96(6), 2371-2379. doi: 10.1093/jas/sky062
Gallardo, C., Dadalt, J. C., & Trindade, A. T., Neto. (2019). Carbohydrases and phytase with rice bran, effects on amino acid digestibility and energy use in broiler chickens. Animal, 14(3), 482-490. doi: 10. 1017/S1751731119002131
Jamroz, D., Jakobsen, K., Knudsen, K. E. B., Wiliczkiewicz, A., & Orda, J. (2002). Digestibility and energy value of nonstarch polysaccharides in young chickens, ducks and geese, fed diets containing high amounts of barley. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 131(3), 657-668. doi: 10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00517-7
Jaworski, N. W., Lærke, H. N., Bach Knudsen, K. E., & Stein, H. H. (2015). Carbohydrate composition and in vitro digestibility of dry matter and nonstarch polysaccharides in corn, sorghum, and wheat and coproducts from these grains. Journal of Animal Science, 93(3), 1103-1113. doi: 10.2527/jas2014-8147
Karimi, A., Min, Y., Lu, C., Coto, C., Bedford, M. R., & Waldroup, P. W. (2013). Assessment of potential enhancing effects of a carbohydrase mixture on phytase efficacy in male broiler chicks fed phosphorus-deficient diets from 1 to 18 days of age. Poultry Science, 92(1), 192-198. doi: 10.3382/ps.2012-02558
Kiarie, E., Romero, L. F., & Ravindran, V. (2014). Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat diets without or with supplemental xylanase. Poultry Science, 93(5), 1186-1196. doi: 10.3382/ps.2013-03715
Lu, H., Adedokun, S. A., Preynat, A., Legrand-Defretin, V., Geraert, P. A., Adeola, O., & Ajuwpn, K. M. (2013). Impact of exogenous carbohydrases and phytase on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 93(2), 243-249. doi: 10.4141/cjas2012-138
Mahmood, T., Mirza, M. A., Nawaz, H., Shahid, M., Athar, M., & Hussein, M. (2017). Effect of supplementing exogenous protease in low protein poultry by-product meal based diets on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. Animal Feed Science, 228(1), 23-31. doi: 10.1016/j. anifeedsci.2017.01.012
Malathi, V., & Devegowda, G. (2001). In vitro evaluation of nonstarch polysaccharide digestibility of feed ingredients by enzymes. Poultry Science, 80(3), 302-305. doi: 10.1093/ps/80.3.302
Meng, X., & Slominski, B. A. (2005). Nutritive values of corn, soybean meal, canola meal and peas for broiler chickens as affected by a multicarbohydrase preparation of cell wall degrading enzymes. Poultry Science, 84(8), 1242-1251. doi: 10.1093/ps/84.8.1242
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2021-07-02
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Jacob, R. de F., Albino, L. F. T., Calderano, A. A., Bernardes, R. D., Rostagno, H. S., Xavier Júnior, M. de L., … Diana, T. F. (2021). Broiler feed formulated with phosphorus, calcium, and energy deficiencies supplemented with exogenous enzymes. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(5), 3029–3046. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n5p3029
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