Nutritional management and sexual condition in cattle determine differentiation in the fatty acid profile of meat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2453Keywords:
Conjugated linoleic acid, Corn, Heifers, Meat quality, Rice, White oats.Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating the fatty acid profile of meat from feedlot finished heifers and steers fed with high-grain diets. It was used 45 Charolais and Nellore crossbred cattle, 21 of them were heifers with an initial age of 32 ± 2 months and 359.9 ± 6.7 kg of body weight, and 24 were steers with an initial age of 20 ± 2 months and 337.6 ± 6.2 kg of body weight. The animals were distributed in the treatments according to the energy source used in the diet, being them: rice, white oats or corn, using seven heifers and eight steers for each diet. The experimental design was completely randomized, with factorial arrangement 3 x 2 (three treatments and two sexual conditions). The diet based on corn provided higher levels of pentadecylic and margaric fatty acids. Excepting elaidic fatty acid, beef from steers and heifers was similar for the different saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids evaluated. A rice-based diet is advantageous when meat production is recommended with greater participation of fatty acids from the omega-3 group. When finished in feedlot with high-grain diets, the heifers produce meat with higher conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content and a better ratio between omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids compared to steers. These findings indicate that it is possible to modify undesirable characteristics in meat through the nutritional management of animals, searching for a product that meets the requirements of a modern population, which is redefining its principles regarding food.Downloads
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References
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Arnhold, E. (2013). Package in the R environment for analysis of variance and complementary analyses. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 50(6), 488-492. doi: 10.11606/issn.1678-4456.v50i6p488-492
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Chiara, V. L., Sichieri, R., & Carvalho, T. S. F. (2003). Teores de ácidos graxos trans de alguns alimentos consumidos no Rio de Janeiro. Revista de Nutrição, 16(2), 227-233. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732003000 200010
Choi, C. B., Kwon, H., & Kim, S. I. (2016). Effect of rice bran, flax seed, and sunflower seed on growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, free amino acid and peptide contents, and sensory evaluations of native Korean cattle (Hanwoo). Asian-Australian Journal Animal Science, 29(2), 195-203. doi: 10.5713/ajas.15.0264
Christie, W. W. (1982). A simple procedure for rapid transmethylation of glycerolipids and cholesteryl esters. Journal of Lipid Research, 23(7), 1072-1075. Recovered from https://www.jlr.org/article/S0022-22 75(20)38081-0/pdf
Costa, F. S., Cabral, A. R., Silva, S. L., Silva, M. A. I., Henrique, W., Mazalli, Baldi, F. S.; Mueller, L. F.; Ferrinho, M. F.; Corte, R. P. S.; Pereira, A. S. C. (2020). Effects of n-3 and n-6 feeding sources on the quality and lipid oxidation of meat from feedlot-finished Bos indicus steers. Meat Science, 161, 107966. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.107966
Costa, P., Lemos, J. P., Lopes, P. A., Alfaia, C. M., Costa, A. S. H., Bessa, R. J. B., & Prates, J. A. M. (2012). X’beef breeds. Animal, 6(7), 1187-1197. doi: 10.1017/S1751731111002722
Daley, C. A., Abbot, A., Doyle, P. S., Nader, G. A., & Larson, S. (2010). A review of fatty acid profiles and antioxidant content in grass-fed and grain-fed beef. Nutrition Journal, 9(10), 1-12. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-9-10
Decreto n. 9.023, de 29 de março de 2017. Dispõem sobre a inspeção industrial e sanitária de produtos de origem animal. Recuperado de http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/d90 1 3.htm
Fernandes, A. R. M., Sampaio, A. A. M., Henrique, W., Tullio, R. R., Oliveira, E. A., & Silva, T. M. (2009). Composição química e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de bovinos de diferentes condições sexuais recebendo silagem de milho e concentrado ou cana-de-açúcar e concentrado contendo grãos de girassol. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 38(4), 705-712. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982009000400017
Freitas, A. K., Lobato, J. F. P., Cardoso, L. L., Tarouco, J. U., Vieira, R. M., Dillengurg, D. R., & Castro, I. (2014). Nutritional composition of the meat f Hereford and Braford steers finished on pastures or in a feedlot in southern Brazil. Meat Science, 96(1), 353-360. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.07.021
Fruet, A. P. B., Trombetta, F., Stefanello, F. S., Speroni, C. S., Donadel, J. Z., Souza, A. N. M.,… Nörnberg, J. L. (2018). Effects of feeding legume-grass pasture and different concentrate levels on fatty acid profile, volatile compounds, and off-flavor of the M. longissimus thoracis. Meat Science, 140(6), 112-118. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.03.008
Gilmore, L. A., Walzem, R. L., Crouse, S. F., Smith, D. R., Adams, T. H., Vaidyanathan, V.,… Smith, S. B. (2011). Consumption of high-oleic acid ground beef increases HDL-cholesterol concentration but both high- and low-oleic acid ground beef decrease HDL particle diameter in normocholesterolemic men. Journal of Nutrition, 141(6), 1188-1194. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.136085
Kallas, Z., Realini, C. E., & Gil, J. M. (2014). Health information impact on the relative importance of beef attributes including its enrichment with polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 and conjugated linoleic acid). Meat Science, 97(4), 497-503. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2014.03.015
Koba, K., & Yanagita, T. (2014) Health benefits of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 8(6), 525-532. doi: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.10.001
Lange, K. W. (2020). Omega-3 fatty acids and mental health. Global Health Journal, 4(1), 18-30. doi: 10.10 16/j.glohj.2020.01.004
Larqué, E., Zamora, S., & Gil, A. (2001) Dietary trans fatty acids in early life: a review. Early Human Development, 65(2), 31-41. doi: 10.1016/S0378-3782(01)00201-8
Mahbubi, A., Uchiyama, T., & Hatanaka, K. (2019). Capturing consumer value and clustering customer preferences in the Indonesian halal beef market. Meat Science, 156, 23-32. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019. 05.012
Malau-Aduli, A. E. O., Siebert, B. D., Bottema, C. D. K., & Pitchford, W. S. (1997). A comparison of the fatty acid composition of tryacilglycerols in adipose tissue from Limousin and Jersey cattle. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 48(5), 715-722. doi: 10.1071/A96083
Mazzucco, J. P., Goszczynski, D. E., Ripoli, M. V., Melucci, L. M., Pardo, A. M., Colatto, E.,… Villareal, E. L. (2016). Growth, carcass and meat quality traits in beef from Angus, Hereford and cross-breed gazing steers, and their association with SNPs in genes related to fat deposition metabolism. Meat Science, 114, 121-129. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2015.12.018
McNamara, R. K. (2016). Role of omega-3 fatty acids in the etiology, treatment, and prevention of depression: Current statusand future directions. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 5, 96-106. doi: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.004
Nassu, R. T., Dugan, M. E. R., He, M. L., McAllister, T. A., Aalhus, J. L., Aldai, N., & Kramer, J. K. (2011). The effects of feeding flaxseed to beef cows given forage based diets on fatty acids of longissimus thoracis muscle and backfat. Meat Science, 89(4), 469-477. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2011.05.016
Oliveira, D. M., Ladeira, M. M., Chizzotti, M. L., Machado, O. R., Neto, Ramos, E. M., Gonçalves, T. M.,... Ribeiro, J. S. (2011). Fatty acid profile and qualitative characteristics of meat from Zebu steers fed with different oilseeds. Journal of Animal Science, 89(8), 2546-2555. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3553
Patterson, E., Wall, R., Fitzgerald, G. F., Ross, R. P., & Stanton, C. (2012). Health implications of high dietary omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism, 2012, 539426. doi: 10.1155/2012/539426
Pighin, D., Pazos, A., Chamorro, V., Paschetta, F., Cunzolo, S., Godoy, F.,... Grigioni, G. (2016). A contribution of beef to human health: a review of the role of the animal production systems. The Scientific World Journal, 2016, 8681491. doi: 10.1155/2016/8681491
Pinho, A. P. S., Barcellos, J. O. J., Peripolli, V., Kindlein, L., Araújo, J. R., & Alves, D. C., Fº. (2011). Perfil lipídico da gordura intramuscular de cortes e marcas comerciais de carne bovina. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(5), 1134-1142. doi: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000500027
Pinho, C. P. S., Diniz, A. S., Arruda, I. K. G., Lira, P. I. C., Siqueira, L. A. S., & Batista, M., Fº. (2012). Consumo de alimentos protetores e preditores do risco cardiovascular em adultos do estado de Pernambuco. Revista de Nutrição, 25(3), 341-351. doi: 10.1590/S1415-52732012000300004
Pires, I. S. C., Rosado, G. P., Costa, N. M. B., Monteiro, J. B. R., Oliveira, R. S., Jaeger, S. M. P. L., & Mourão, D. M. (2008). Composição centesimal e perfil de ácidos graxos da carne de novilho precoce alimentado com lipídeos protegidos. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 28(Suppl.), 178-183. doi: 10. 1590/S0101-20612008000500028
R Core Team (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/
Reddy, B. V., Sivakumar, A. S., Jeong, D. W., Woo, Y.-B., Park, S.-J., Lee, S.-Y.,… Hwang, I. (2014). Beef quality traits of heifer in comparison with steer, bull and cow at various feeding environments. Animal Science Journal, 86(1), 1-16. doi: 10.1111/asj.12266
Rotta, P. P., Prado, R. M., Prado, I. N., Valero, M. V., Visentainer, J. V., & Silva, R. R. (2009). The effects of genetic groups, nutrition, finishing systems and gender of brazilian cattle on carcass characteristics and beef composition and appearance: A review. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 22(12), 1718-1734. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2009.90071
Salami, S., O’Grady, M. N., Luciano, G., Priolo, A., McGee, M., Moloney, A. P., & Kerry, J. P. (2021). Fatty acid composition, shelf-life and eating quality of beef from steers fed corn or wheat dried distillers’ grains with solubles in a concentrate supplement to grass silage. Meat Science, 173, 108381. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108381
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2021-05-20
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Cattelam, J., Argenta, F. M., Alves Filho, D. C., Brondani, I. L., Nörnberg, J. L., Pacheco, R. F., … Borchate, D. (2021). Nutritional management and sexual condition in cattle determine differentiation in the fatty acid profile of meat. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(4), 2453–2470. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n4p2453
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