Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in domestic cats from an urban area in Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2677Keywords:
Prevalence, Public Health, Epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis, Feline.Abstract
We investigated the occurrence of Cryptosporidium oocysts shedding by domestic cats in an urban setting. The calculation of minimum sample size was based on an estimated prevalence of 10%, 5% absolute sampling error and a 5% significance level, resulting in 138 cats. A total of 612 owners of 2,290 cats had to be contacted for achieving the minimal sample size. In the end, only 55 owners accepted to participate in this investigation. Stool samples collected from 138 dogs were examined by microscopy using modified Kinyoun acid-fast staining, capture ELISA and nested-PCR followed by sequencing. Samples were considered positive when Cryptosporidium were detected by at least two diagnostic methods. Thirteen samples were positive (9.4%; 95% CI: 4.5 - 14.3). Cryptosporidium amplicons from seven out of the 13 samples were successfully sequenced and shared 99% genetic similarity to Cryptosporidium felis, GenBank access AF112575.1 was found. We concluded that Cryptosporidium infection is common in domestic cats from urban area and veterinary practitioners should guide cat owners to adopt preventive measures against the parasite to reduce the chance of infection in cats and householders.Metrics
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References
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Beser, J., Toresson, L., Eitrem, R., Krusnell, J. W., & Lebbad, M. (2015). Zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium felis in a household. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 18(2014), 170-171. doi: 10.3402/iee.v5.28463
Chalmers, R. M., & Katzer, F. (2013). Looking for Cryptosporidium: the application of advances in detection and diagnosis. Trends in Parasitology, 29(5), 237-251. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2013.03.001
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Chappell, C. L, Okhuysen, P. C., Sterling, C. R., & DuPont, H. L. (1996). Cryptosporidium parvum: intensity of infection and oocyst excretion patterns in healthy volunteers. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173(1), 232-236. doi: 10.1093/infdis/173.1.232
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Fayer, R., Santín, M., Trout, J. M., & Dubey, J. P. (2006). Detection of Cryptosporidium felis and Giardia duodenalis Assemblage F in a cat colony. Veterinary Parasitology, 140(1-2), 44-53. doi: 10.1016/j. vetpar.2006.03.005
Feng, Y., Li, N., Duan, L., & Xiao, L. (2009). Cryptosporidium genotype and subtype distribution in raw wastewater in Shanghai, China: evidence for possible unique Cryptosporidium hominis transmission. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 47(1), 153-157. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01777-08
Feng, Y., Ryan, U. M., & Xiao, L. (2018). Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium. Trends in Parasitology, 34(11), 997-1011. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.07.009
Funada, M. R., Pena, H. F. J., Soares, R. M., Amaku, M., & Gennari, S. M. (2007). Frequência de parasitos gastrintestinais em cães e gatos atendidos em hospital-escola veterinário da cidade de São Paulo. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, 59(5), 1338-1340. doi: 10.1590/S0102-09352 007000500038
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Hajdušek, O., Ditrich, O., & Šlapeta, J. (2004). Molecular identification of Cryptosporidium spp. in animal and human hosts from the Czech Republic. Veterinary Parasitology, 122(3), 183-192. doi: 10.1016/j. vetpar.2004.04.005
Hajian-Tilaki, K. (2011). Sample size estimation in epidemiologic studies. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, 2(4), 289-298.
Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95-98.
Huber, F., Bomfim, T. C. B., & Gomes, R. S. (2002). Comparação entre infecção por Cryptosporidium sp. e por Giardia sp. em gatos sob dois sistemas de criação. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 11(1), 7-12.
Huber, F., Silva, S. da, Bomfim, T. C. B., Teixeira, K. R. S., & Bello, A. R. (2007). Genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium sp. from domestic animals in Brazil. Veterinary Parasitology, 150(1-2), 65-74. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.08.018
Ito, Y., Itoh, N., Kimura, Y., & Kanai, K. (2016). Molecular detection and characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. among breeding cattery cats in Japan. Parasitology Research, 115(5), 2121-2123. doi: 10.1007/s00436-016-4984-7
Keith, C. L., Radecki, S. V., & Lappin, M. R. (2003). Evaluation of fenbendazole for treatment of Giardia infection in cats concurrently infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 64(8), 1027-1029. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.2003.64.1027
Lucca, P. de, De Gaspari, E. N., Bozzoli, L. M., Funada, M. R., Souza Silva, S. O. de, Iuliano, W., & Soares, R. M. (2009). Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. from HIV infected patients from an urban area of Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, 51(6), 341-343. doi: 10.1590/S0036-46652009000600006
Lucio-Forster, A., Griffiths, J. K., Cama, V. A., Xiao, L., & Bowman, D. D. (2010). Minimal zoonotic risk of cryptosporidiosis from pet dogs and cats. Trends in Parasitology, 26(4), 174-179. doi: 10.1016/j.pt. 2010.01.004
Ma, P., & Soave, R. (1983). Three-step stool examination for cryptosporidiosis in 10 homosexual men with protracted watery diarrhea. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 147(5), 824-828. doi: 10.1093/infdis/ 147.5.824
Marks, S. L., Hanson, T. E., & Melli, A. C. (2004). Comparison of direct immunofluorescence, modified acid-fast staining, and enzyme immunoassay techniques for detection of Cryptosporidium spp in naturally exposed kittens. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 225(10), 1549-1553. doi: 10.2460/javma.2004.225.1549
Meloni, B. P., & Thompson, R. C. (1996). Simplified methods for obtaining purified oocysts from mice and for growing Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. The Journal of Parasitology, 82(5), 757-762. doi: 10. 2307/3283888
Méndez-Hermida, F., Ares-Mazás, E., McGuigan, K. G., Boyle, M., Sichel, C., & Fernández-Ibáñez, P. (2007). Disinfection of drinking water contaminated with Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts under natural sunlight and using the photocatalyst TiO2. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 88(2-3), 105-111. doi: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.05.004
Moreira, A. S., Babtista, C. T., Brasil, C. L., Valente, J. S. S., Bruhn, F. R. P., & Pereira, D. I. B. (2018). Risk factors and infection due to Cryptosporidium spp. in dogs and cats in southern Rio Grande do Sul. Brazlian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, 27(1), 112-117. doi: 10.1590/s1984-296120180012
Neira, O, P., Muñoz, S, N., & Rosales L, M. J. (2010). Infección por Cryptosporidium parvum en una mujer embarazada, inmunocompetente, con riesgo ocupacional. Revista Chilena de Infectología, 27(4), 345-349. doi: 10.4067/S0716-10182010000500011
Oates, S. C., Miller, M. A., Hardin, D., Conrad, P. A., Melli, A., Jessup, D. A.,… Miller, W. A. (2012). Prevalence, environmental loading, and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia isolates from domestic and wild animals along the central California coast. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 78(24), 8762-8772. doi: 10.1128/AEM.02422-12
Overgaauw, P. A. M., van Zutphen, L., Hoek, D., Yaya, F. O., Roelfsema, J., Pinelli, E.,… Kortbeek, L. M. (2009). Zoonotic parasites in fecal samples and fur from dogs and cats in The Netherlands. Veterinary Parasitology, 163(1-2), 115-122. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.044
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2020-09-19
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Silveira Neto, L. da, Widmer, G., Lima, V. M. F. de, Meireles, M. V., Inácio, S. V., Marques, M. G., Marques, A. E. G. W., Matos, L. V. S. de, Panegossi, M. F. da C., & Bresciani, K. D. S. (2020). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in domestic cats from an urban area in Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6), 2677–2686. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6p2677
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