Effects of supplementation plan on intake, digestibility, eating behavior, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of grazing beef cattle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6Supl2p3233Keywords:
Beef calves, Nellore, Supplement, Tropical forage.Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of different supplementation plans on the nutrient intake, apparent total-tract digestibility, grazing behavior, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of beef cattle under grazing conditions from ages 4 to 18 months old. The beef calves grazed Brachiaria decumbens in four seasons: rainy-dry transition, dry, dry-rainy transition, and rainy. Forty-four animals (11 per treatment) were randomly assigned to one of four nutritional plans of supplementation defined by the quantity of supplement offered: control, low, medium, and high supplementation. There was no difference (P > 0.10) in dry matter intake (DMI). However, animals receiving medium and high supplementation had decreased (P < 0.10) forage dry matter intake (FDMI) compared with those under non- and low supplementation. The DMI and FDMI were lower (P < 0.10) in the dry season. During the rainy season, the grazing time decreased (P < 0.10) for animals receiving supplementation compared with non-supplemented ones, but was similar between medium and high supplementation. The performance and carcass characteristics were greater (P < 0.10) for high and medium supplementation compared with low and control. In conclusion, increasing the supplementation plans for beef cattle in tropical pastures increases the nutrient intake but decreases FDMI. The performance also increases with the supplementation plan; however, the growth rate is affected by the grazing season.Downloads
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References
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SAMPAIO, C. B.; DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; SOUZA, M. A.; LAZZARINI, I.; PAULINO, P. V. R.; QUEIROZ, A. C. Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Tropical Animal Health and Production, Amsterdam, v. 42, n. 7, p. 1471-1479, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9581-7
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM INSTITUTE - SAS. The SAS System, release 9.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary: NC, 2016.
SOUZA, M. A.; DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; SAMPAIO, C. B.; LAZZARINI, I.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C. Intake, digestibility, and rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fibre in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogen and/or starch. Tropical Animal Health and Production, Amsterdam, v. 42, n. 6, p. 1299-1310, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9566-6
TITGEMEYER, E. C.; ARMENDARIZ, C. K.; BINDEL, D. J.; GREENWOOD, R. H.; LOEST, C. A. Evaluation of titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker for cattle. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 79, n. 4, p. 1059-1063, 2001. DOI: 10.2527/2001.7941059x
VALENTE, E. E. L.; PAULINO, M. F.; BARROS, L. V.; ALMEIDA, D. M.; MARTINS, L. S.; CABRAL, C. H. A. Nutritional evaluation of young Bulls on tropical pasture receiving supplements with different protein:carbohydrate ratios. Asian Australasian Journal Animal Science, Bethesda, v. 27, n. 10, p. 1452-1460, 2014. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14085
VALENTE, E. E. L.; PAULINO, M. F.; DETMANN, E.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; LOPES, S. A. Performance of young bulls supplemented with different relation of protein and carbohydrate from suckling phase until slaughter in tropical pasture. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, Lahore, v. 18, n. 2, p. 2711-2722, 2013. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14085
VALENTE, T. N. P.; DETMANN, E.; QUEIROZ, A. C.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; GOMES, D. I.; FIGUEIRAS, J. F. Evaluation of ruminal degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 40, n. 11, p. 2565-2573, 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011001100039
ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS - AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 15th ed. Washington: AOAC International Method, 1990.
BOHNERT, D. W.; DELCURTO, T.; CLARK, A. A.; MERRILL, M. L.; FALCK, S. J.; HARMON, D. L. Protein supplementation of ruminants consuming low-quality cool- or warm-season forage: Differences differences in intake and digestibility. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 89, n. 11, p. 3707-3717, 2011, DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-3915
COSTA, V. A. C.; DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; CARVALHO, I. P. C.; MONTEIRO, L. P. Intake and digestibility in cattle under grazing during rainy season supplemented with nitrogenous compounds and carbohydrates. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 40, n. 8, p. 1788-1798, 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000800024
DEL CURTO, T.; COCHRAN, R. C.; HARMON, D. L.; BEHARKA, A. A.; JACQUES, K. A.; TOWNE, G.; VANZANT, E. S. Supplementation of dormant tallgrass-prairie forage: I. Influence of varying supplemental protein and(or) energy levels on forage utilization characteristics of beef steers in confinement. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 68, p. 515-531, 1990. DOI: 10.2527/1990.682515x
DE PAULA, N. F.; ZERVOUDAKIS, J. T.; CABRAL, L. S.; CARVALHO, D. M. G.; PAULINO, M. F.; HATAMOTO-ZERVOUDAKIS, L.K.; OLIVEIRA, A. A.; KOSCHECK, J. F. W. Infrequent supplementation and protein sources for growing steers grazing in the dry season: nutritional parameters. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 40, n. 4, p. 882-891, 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000400024
DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; HUHTANEN, P. Nutritional aspects applied to grazing cattle in the tropics: a review based on Brazilian results. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 35, n. 4, p. 2829-2854, 2015. Supplement. DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n4Suplp2829
DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; ZERVOUDAKIS, J. T.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; EUCLIDES, R. F.; LANA, R. P.; QUEIRÓZ, D. S. Cromo e Indicadores internos na determinação do consumo de novilhos mestiços, suplementados, a pasto. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 30, n. 5, p. 1600-1609, 2001. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982001000600030
DETMANN, E.; VALENTE, E. E. L.; BATISTA, E. D.; HUHTANEN, P. An evaluation of the performance and efficiency of nitrogen utilization in cattle fed tropical grass pastures with supplementation. Livestock Science, Amsterdam, v. 162, n. 4, p. 141-153, 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2014.01.029
DETMANN, E.; SOUZA, M.A.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; QUEIROZ, A.C.;, BERCHIELLI, T.T.; SALIBA, E.O.S.; CABRAL, L.S.; PINA, D.S.; LADEIRA, M.M.; AZEVEDO, J.A.G. Métodos para análise de alimentos. 1.ed. Visconde do Rio Branco, Suprema.
FIGUEIRAS, J. F.; DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; VALENTE, T. N. P.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; LAZZARINI, I. Intake and digestibility in cattle under grazing during dry season supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 39, n. 6, p. 1303-1312, 2010. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000800024
LAZZARINI, I.; DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; VALADARES, R. F. D.; OLIVEIRA, F. A.; SILVA, P. T.; REIS, W. L. S. Nutritional performance of cattle grazing on low-quality tropical forage supplemented with nitrogenous compounds and/or starch. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 42, n. 9, p. 664-674, 2013. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982013000900009
LAZZARINI, I.; DETMANN, E.; SAMPAIO, C. B.; PAULINO, M. F.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; SOUZA, M. A.; OLIVEIRA, F. A. Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 38, n. 10, p. 2021-2030, 2009. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982009001000024
LICITRA, G.; HERNANDEZ, T. M.; VAN SOEST, P. J. Standardization of procedures for nitrogen fractionation of ruminant feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, New York, v. 57, n. 4, p. 347-358, 1996. DOI: 10.1016/0377-8401(95)00837-3
LOPES, S. A.; PAULINO, M. F.; DETMANN, E.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; VALENTE, E. E. L.; BARROS, L. V.; CARDENAS, J. E. G.; ALMEIDA, D. M.; MARTINS, L. S.; SILVA, A. G. Supplementation of suckling beef calves with different levels of crude protein on tropical pasture. Tropical Animal Health and Production, Amsterdam, v. 46, n. 2, p. 379-384, 2014. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-013-0500-6
MERTENS, D. R. Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing in beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Journal AOAC International, Rockville, v. 85, n. 6, p. 1212-1240, 2002.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle. 7th ed. Washington: National Academy Press, 1996. 242 p.
PATINO, H. O.; MEDEIROS, F. S.; PEREIRA, C. H.; SWANSON, K. C.; MCMANUS, C. Productive performance, meat quality and fatty acid profile of steers finished in confinement or supplemented at pasture. Animal, Champanelle, v. 9, n. 6, p. 966-972, 2015. DOI: :10.1017/S1751731115000105
SAMPAIO, C. B.; DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; SOUZA, M. A.; LAZZARINI, I.; PAULINO, P. V. R.; QUEIROZ, A. C. Intake and digestibility in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds. Tropical Animal Health and Production, Amsterdam, v. 42, n. 7, p. 1471-1479, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9581-7
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS SYSTEM INSTITUTE - SAS. The SAS System, release 9.3. SAS Institute Inc., Cary: NC, 2016.
SOUZA, M. A.; DETMANN, E.; PAULINO, M. F.; SAMPAIO, C. B.; LAZZARINI, I.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C. Intake, digestibility, and rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fibre in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogen and/or starch. Tropical Animal Health and Production, Amsterdam, v. 42, n. 6, p. 1299-1310, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9566-6
TITGEMEYER, E. C.; ARMENDARIZ, C. K.; BINDEL, D. J.; GREENWOOD, R. H.; LOEST, C. A. Evaluation of titanium dioxide as a digestibility marker for cattle. Journal of Animal Science, Champaign, v. 79, n. 4, p. 1059-1063, 2001. DOI: 10.2527/2001.7941059x
VALENTE, E. E. L.; PAULINO, M. F.; BARROS, L. V.; ALMEIDA, D. M.; MARTINS, L. S.; CABRAL, C. H. A. Nutritional evaluation of young Bulls on tropical pasture receiving supplements with different protein:carbohydrate ratios. Asian Australasian Journal Animal Science, Bethesda, v. 27, n. 10, p. 1452-1460, 2014. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14085
VALENTE, E. E. L.; PAULINO, M. F.; DETMANN, E.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; LOPES, S. A. Performance of young bulls supplemented with different relation of protein and carbohydrate from suckling phase until slaughter in tropical pasture. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, Lahore, v. 18, n. 2, p. 2711-2722, 2013. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2014.14085
VALENTE, T. N. P.; DETMANN, E.; QUEIROZ, A. C.; VALADARES FILHO, S. C.; GOMES, D. I.; FIGUEIRAS, J. F. Evaluation of ruminal degradation profiles of forages using bags made from different textiles. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, Viçosa, v. 40, n. 11, p. 2565-2573, 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011001100039
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2019-09-30
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De Paula, N. F., Paulino, M. F., Couto, V. R. M., Detmann, E., Maciel, I. F. S., Barros, L. V., … Martins, L. S. (2019). Effects of supplementation plan on intake, digestibility, eating behavior, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of grazing beef cattle. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(6Supl2), 3233–3248. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6Supl2p3233
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