Long live the good hippies!
Three yippies in Salvador Allende’s Chile
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1984-3356.2023v16n32p059-088Keywords:
popular unity, global sixties, counterculture, new left, United States, ChileAbstract
Salvador Allende's victory in 1970 was not only a determining event in the Chilean national context, but also had a global echo, transforming the incipient experiment that sought to create a democratic pathway to socialism into an event that captured the attention of militants from all over the world. Within this captive audience, three members of the US New Left, linked to the Yippie movement and disillusioned with the state of their struggles at home, decided to embark on a journey to experience the new Chile firsthand. Our article reconstructs this trip, with the aim of showing the particular interactions that each of the travelers had with the Chilean reality: the characteristics and limits of the Popular Unity project, culture as a constituent element of the project of change and the parallel development of the youth counterculture.
Downloads
References
ABARCA, Lucho. Viaje por la juventud. Santiago: Quimantú, 1973.
ALBERT, Stew. Correspondance to Phil Ochs. Tulsa: Woodie Guthrie Center, [19--]. Correspondance Box 24. Folder 10. (Series 3).
ALBERT, Stew. Tasting the Chile. San Francisco Good Times, San Francisco, p. 18–19, 12 nov. 1971.
ALBERT, Stew. The last song of Victor Jara. Ann Arbor Sun, Michigan, p. 10–11, 11 oct. 1974.
ALBERT, Stew. Who the hell is Stew Albert? A memoir. Los Angeles: Red Hen Press, 2004.
BARR-MELEJ, Patrick. Hippismo a la chilena : juventud y heterodoxia cultural en un contexto transnacional (1970-1973). In: PURCELL, F. (org.). Ampliando miradas: Chile y su historia en un tiempo global. Santiago: RIL Editores, 2009. p. 305–324.
BARR-MELEJ, Patrick. Psychedelic Chile: Youth, Counterculture, and Politics on the Road to Socialism and Dictatorship. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469632575.001.0001
BLAIR, Eric. Folk singer for the FBI: the Phil Ochs FBI file. Raleigh: Lulu Com, 2019.
COLLINS, Joseph. Report from Chile. Worldview Magazine, New York, v. 14, n. 11 p. 4-9, 1971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0084255900013929
COMPAGNON, Olivier; MOINE, Caroline. Introduction: Pour une histoire globale du 11 septembre 1973. Monde(s), Paris, n. 8, p. 9–26, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/mond1.152.0009
DOHRN, Bernardine; AYERS, Bill; JONES, Jeff. Sing a Battle Song: The revolutionary poetry, statements, and communiqués of the Weather Underground, 1970-1974. Seven Stories Press: New York, 2006. 390 p.
ELLIOT, Marc. Death of a rebel. A biography of Phil Ochs. New York: Franklin Wattsed, 1989.
FARBER, David. Chicago ’68. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
FARBER, David. The counterculture and the antiwar movement. In: SMALL, M. (org.). Give Peace a Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992. p. 7–21.
FBI - FEDERAL BUREAU OF INTELLIGENCE. FBI FILE 105-89231: Section 4. [Whashington]: FBI, 1971. Disponible en: https://judygumbo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/9231-4.pdf. Acceso el: 13 ene. 2024.
FERMANDOIS, Joaquín. Mundo y Fin de Mundo: Chile en la Política Mundial, 1900-2004. Santiago de Chile: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile: Biblioteca del Bicentenario, 2005.
GONZÁLEZ, Juan Pablo. Vanguardia primitiva en el rock chileno de los años setenta: música, intelectuales y contracultura. Música Popular em Revista, Sao Paulo, v. 1, p. 75–92, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20396/muspop.v1i1.12877
GARRETÓN, Manuel Antonio; MARTÍNEZ, Javier. (org.). Universidades chilenas: historia, reforma e intervención. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Sur, 1987.
GARVEY, Helen. Rebels with a cause: a collective memoir of the hopes, rebellions and repression of the 1960s. Los Gatos: Shire Press, 2007.
JARA, Joan. Victor Jara, un canto truncado. España: Suma de Letras, 2001.
KLIMKE, Martin; NOLAN, Mary. The Globalization of the Sixties. In: CHEN, Jian et al. (org.). The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties: Between protest and nation-building. New York: Routledge Taylor Francis Group, 2018. p. 1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315150918-1
LA REVOLUCIÓN peluda. Ahora, Santiago, p. 42–46, 21 sept. 1971.
MARCHESI, Aldo. Escribiendo la Guerra Fría latinoamericana: entre el Sur “local” y el Norte “global”. Estudos Históricos, Rio de Janeiro, v. 30, n. 60, p. 187–202, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/s2178-14942017000100010
MUSICAL, con Phil Ochs. La Nación, Santiago, p. 15, 13 ene. 1972.
PÉREZ, C. Salvador Allende, apuntes sobre su dispositivo de seguridad: el Grupo de Amigos Personales (GAP). Estudios Públicos, Santiago, n. 79, p. 31–81, 2000.
PURCELL, F. Guerra Fría, motivaciones y espacios de interacción. El caso del Cuerpo de Paz de Estados Unidos en Chile, 1961-1970. In: HARMER, T.; RIQUELME, A. Chile y la Guerra Fría global. Santiago: RIL editores, 2014. p. 71–88.
RIVAS A. Matías. La desconocida amistad entre Víctor Jara y Phil Ochs, el rival y amigo de Bob Dylan. El Mostrador, Santiago, 6 oct. 2016. Disponible en: https://www.elmostrador.cl/cultura/2016/10/06/la-desconocida-amistad-entre-victor-jara-y-phil-ochs-el-rival-de-bob-dylan/. Acceso el: 29 ago. 2019.
RODRIGUEZ, Javier. El folklore como agente político: la Nueva Canción Chilena y la diplomacia musical (1970-1973). Nuevo Mundo Mundos Nuevos, Paris, 2017. Disponible en: https://journals.openedition.org/nuevomundo/70611. Acceso el: 13 ene. 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/nuevomundo.70611
RUBIN, Jerry. Do it!: scenarios of the revolution. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970.
RUBIN, Jerry. From Chile with love. Berkeley Barb, California, p. 9, 10 sep. 1971.
RUBIN, Jerry. Growing (Up) at 37. Maryland: Rownman & Little Field, 1976.
SALGADO, Alfonso. “Una pequeña revolución”: Las Juventudes Comunistas ante el sexo y el matrimonio durante la Unidad Popular. In: LOYOLA, M.; ÁLVAREZ, R. (org.). Un trébol de cuatro hojas: Las Juventudes Comunistas de Chile en el siglo XX. Santiago: Ariadna Ediciones, 2014. p. 144–169.
SCHUMACHER, Michael. There but for fortune: The life of Phil Ochs. New York: Hyperioned, 1996.
SELER, Robert. Revolution and the white “left” in America. The Black Panther, California, p. 5-12, 22 abr. 1972.
SEPÚLVEDA, G. Victor Jara: hombre de teatro. Santiago: Editorial Sudamericana, 2001.
SUZARTE, Manuel. Les circulations politico-culturelles entre les jeunesses chiliennes et étasuniennes entre 1965-1972. 2015. Disertación (Master en Historia) - Instituto de Altos Estudios de América Latina, Universidad Sorbonne Nouvelle, Paris, 2015.
THOMAS, Patrick. Did It! From Yippie to Yuppie: Jerry Rubin, An American Revolutionary. Seattle: Fantagraphics Books, 2017.
WOODSTOCK el festival hippie más grandioso del mundo. Revista Ritmo, Santiago, n. 247, p. 14–19, 1970.
ZOLOV, Eric. Refried Elvis: The Rise of the Mexican Counterculture. California: University of California Press, 1999. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/9780520921504
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Manuel Suzarte
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The journal reserves the copyright on the contributions published, without material compensation for the author, and may make them available online in Open Access mode, through its own system or other databases; you can also make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes in the originals, in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language, with the final consent of the authors. The opinions expressed by the authors are their sole responsibility.