Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer
Antíteses - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social

Sociedades cientificas

Vol. 16 No. 31 (2023): "Forests' histories and forests in stories and memories: dialogues between past, present and future"

Oppressed, Resistant, and Revolutionary: The Third World as Designed in the OSPAAAL Graphic Art

DOI
https://doi.org/10.5433/1984-3356.2023v16n31p251-291
Submitted
March 13, 2023
Published
2023-09-18

Abstract

This article analyzes the Third Worldist project of the Organization of Solidarity with the Peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America (OSPAAAL) by focusing on its graphic production. OSPAAAL was founded during the Tricontinental Conference in 1966 and existed until 2019, based in Havana. I argue that the organization played a prominent role in the dissemination of images about the so-called Third World, allowing a certain interpretation of its meaning - associated with the notions of oppression, resistance, revolution, and solidarity - to be visualized at an international level. Different strategies used by artists who worked for OSPAAAL to visually approximate different contexts, in order to sustain this narrative, will be examined. This study is part of the so-called new Cold War historiography and aims to highlight the role played by actors from the Global South in the (re)elaboration and circulation of narratives about the world order in the second half of the twentieth century.

References

  1. ALBUQUERQUE, Germán. La Trinchera Letrada: Intelectuales Latinoamericanos y Guerra Fría. Santiago de Chile: Ariadna, 2011.
  2. ALBUQUERQUE, Germán; HERNÁNDEZ, Diego. Cuba, ¿un obstáculo a la participación latinoamericana en el Movimiento de Países no Alineados? (1961-1984). Autoctonía, Santiago, v. 3, n. 1, p. 54-67, 2019.
  3. ALBUQUERQUE, Germán. Tercermundismo en el Cono Sur de América Latina: ideología y sensibilidad. Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay, 1956-1990. Tempo e Argumento, Florianópolis, v. 6, n. 13, p. 140-173, 2014.
  4. BERMÚDEZ, Jorge. La imagen constante: el cartel cubano del siglo XX. La Habana: CITMATEL/Cubaliteraria, 2015.
  5. BLACK, Ashley. Canto Libre: Folk Music and Solidarity in the Americas, 1967-1974. In: STITES MOR, Jessica; SUESCUN POZAS, Maria del Carmen. The Art of Solidarity: Visual and Performative Politics in Cold War Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018, p. 117-145.
  6. CORRIGAN, Lisa M. Visual Rhetoric and Oppositional Consciousness: Poster Art in Cuba and the United States. Intertexts, Lincoln, v. 18, n. 1, p. 71-91, Spring 2014.
  7. DJAGALOV, Rossen. From Internationalism to Postcolonialism. Literature and Cinema between the Second and the Third Worlds. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2020.
  8. FALIGOT, Roger. La Tricontinentale: Quand Che Guevara, Ben Barka, Cabral, Castro et Hô Chi Minh préparaient la révolution mondiale (1964-1968). Paris: La Découverte, 2013.
  9. FEATHERSTONE, David. Solidarity: Hidden Histories and Geographies of Internationalism. London: Zed Books, 2012.
  10. FRICK, Richard. El cartel tricontinental de solidaridad. Bern: Verlag, 2003.
  11. GALLARDO, Emilio. El martillo y el espejo: Diretrices de la política cultural cubana (1959-1976). Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 2009.
  12. GARCÍA, Alberto. La imagen tricontinental. La Feminidad, el Che Guevara y el Imperialismo a través del arte gráfico de la OSPAAAL. Santiago de Chile: Ariadna Ediciones 2022.
  13. GENEROSO, Lídia. "O povo colonizado não está sozinho": Terceiro Mundo, anti-imperialismo e revolução nas páginas da revista Tricontinental (1967-1976). 2018. Thesis (MA in History) - Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Mariana, 2018.
  14. GENEROSO, Lídia; RESENDE, Taciana. Cuba, a Tricontinental e o Movimento Negro estadunidense: algumas reflexões sobre os caminhos da solidariedade (1966-1974). Revista Eletrônica da ANPHLAC, São Paulo, n. 27, p. 222-56, 2019.
  15. GENEROSO, Lídia. A revista Tricontinental e a construção do Terceiro Mundo: conceito, itinerâncias e sensibilidades. Esboços, Florianópolis, v. 27, n. 46, p. 452-471, 2020.
  16. GENEROSO, Lídia. Solidariedades tricontinentais em movimento: política, imagens e temporalidades na produção cultural da Organização de Solidariedade dos Povos de África, Ásia e América Latina (1963-1990). 2023. Dissertation (PhD in History) - Instituto de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Mariana, 2023. Evaluation Comittee version.
  17. GORDON-NESBITT, Rebecca. To Defend the Revolution Is to Defend Culture: The Cultural Policy of the Cuban Revolution. Oakland: PM Press, 2015.
  18. GUEVARA. Ernesto. Message to the Tricontinental. Havana: OSPAAAL, 1967. Available at: https://www.marxists.org/archive/guevara/1967/04/16.htm. Access: February 25, 2023.
  19. FIELD JR., Thomas; KREPP, Stella; PETTINÀ, Vanni. (Ed.). Latin America and the Global Cold War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2020.
  20. FORTH, Aidan. Barbed-Wire Imperialism: Britain's Empire of Camps, 1876-1903. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017.
  21. HARMER, Tanya; ÁLVAREZ, Alberto Martín (Ed.). Toward a Global History of Latin America's Revolutionary Left. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2021.
  22. KALTER, Christoph. The Discovery of the Third World. Decolonization and the Rise of the New Left in France, c. 1950-1976. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
  23. KRELL, Alan. The Devil's Rope: A Cultural History of Barbed Wire. London: Reaktion, 2002.
  24. KUNZLE, David. Public Graphs in Cuba: A Very Cuban Form of Internationalist Art. Latin American Perspectives, London, v. 2, n. 4 (Supplement Issue), p. 89-110, 1975.
  25. LÉGER, Régis. Cuba gráfica: Histoire de l'affiche cubaine. Paris: L'Échappé, 2013.
  26. LEÓN, Blanca Mar. Revolutionary Diplomacy and the Third World. Historicizing the Tricontinental Conference from the Cuban Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In: HARMER, Tanya; ÁLVAREZ, Alberto. Toward a Global History of Latin America's Revolutionary Left. Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 2021, p. 67-102.
  27. MAHLER, Anne Garland. From the Tricontinental to the Global South. Race, Radicalism, and Transnational Solidarity. Durham: Duke University Press, 2018.
  28. MACPHEE, Josh. Constructing Third World Struggle: The Design of the OSPAAAL & Tricontinental. The Funambulist, n. 22, February 28, 2019. Available at: https://thefunambulist.net/magazine/22-publishing-struggle/constructing-third-world-struggle-design-ospaaal-tricontinental-josh-macphee. Access: February 27, 2023.
  29. MOLDEN, Berthold. Vietnam, the New Left and the Holocaust: How the Cold War Changed Discourse on Genocide. In: ASSMANN, Aleida; CONRAD, Sebastian Conrad. Memory in a Global Age: Discourses, Practices and Trajectories. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, p. 79-96.
  30. NETZ, Reviel. Barbed Wire: An Ecology of Modernity. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2004.
  31. PALIERAKI, Eugenia. The Origins of the 'Third World': Alfred Sauvy and the Birth of a Key Global Post-War Concept. Global Intellectual History, London, p. 1-30, 2023. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23801883.2023.2166558?journalCode=rgih20. Access: January 8, 2023.
  32. PARROTT, Joseph; LAWRENCE, Mark A. The Tricontinental Revolution: Third World Radicalism and the Cold War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022.
  33. PRASHAD, Vijay. The Darker Nations: A People's History of the Third World. New York: The New Press, 2007.
  34. RADBOY, Babak. Revolution by Design. Bidoun, n. 22, Autumn 2010. Available at: http://new.bidoun.org/articles/revolution-by-design. Access: April 14, 2022.
  35. SAID, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978.
  36. SAJED, Alina. From the Third World to the Global South, E-International Relations, July 27, 2020. Available at: https://www.e-ir.info/2020/07/27/from-the-third-world-to-the-global-south/. Access: September 9, 2021.
  37. SOUZA, Murilo. Estratégias de comunicabilidade e multiterritorialização no design gráfico da revista Tricontinental (1967-1969). 2020. Thesis (MA in History) - Departamento de História, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 2020.
  38. STITES MOR, Jessica; SUESCUN POZAS, Maria del Carmen. Introduction: Transnational Pathways of Empathy in the Americas. In: STITES MOR, Jessica; SUESCUN POZAS, Maria del Carmen. The Art of Solidarity: Visual and Performative Politics in Cold War Latin America. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2018, p. 1-20.
  39. STITES MOR, Jessica. South-South Solidarity and the Latin American Left. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2022.
  40. VILLAVERDE, Héctor. Testimonios del Diseño Gráfico Cubano, 1959-1974. Havana: Ediciones La Memoria, 2013.
  41. WILSON, Tom. Paper Walls: Political Posters in an Age of Mass Media. In: AUTHER, Elissa; LERNER, Adam (Ed.). West of Center: Art and the Counterculture Experiment in America, 1965-1977. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2011, p. 162-180.
  42. YOUNG, Robert. Postcolonialism: from Bandung to the Tricontinental. Historein, Athens, v. 5, p. 11-21, 2005.
  43. YOUNG, Robert. Disseminating the Tricontinental. In JIAN, Chen et al. The Routledge Handbook of the Global Sixties. New York: Routledge, 2018, p. 517-547.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.