Exploring snakebite epidemiology between 2010 and 2021 in Paraná, Brazil: introducing distribution patterns, clinical profiles, and sociodemographic factors
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2024v45n2p197Keywords:
Snakebites, Envenomation, Neglected tropical diseases, Public health challengesAbstract
Snakebite envenomation, although prevalent in rural and tropical areas, is often neglected as a public health issue. Paraná records fewer cases compared to other Brazilian regions, yet the epidemiology and factors affecting these incidents are not fully understood. This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of snakebite accidents in Paraná from 2010 to 2021 and identify factors associated with clinical outcomes. Data were sourced from the Notifiable Diseases Information System and Venomous Animals Notification System. Incident trends were analyzed using Joinpoint Regression, and high-incidence regions were identified through spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis. Associations between factors and outcomes were assessed using logistic regression, Fisher's exact test, or the Chi-squared test. Of 9,362 cases, 69.19% involved Bothrops spp., while Thamnodynastes spp., Dipsas spp., and Philodryas spp. were the main non-venomous snakes. Venomous snakebite incidence decreased by 7.74% from 2017 to 2021. Death was associated with age >65, illiteracy, delays ≥6 h, and local/systemic complications (p<0.001). Non-venomous snakebite accidents rose by 6% since 2010. A case of acute renal failure was reported in an accident involving Pseudablabes patagoniensis. The study highlights snakebites as a significant public health issue due to their potential for severe complications. The findings enhance understanding of snakebite epidemiology in Paraná, aiding in the development of targeted interventions and prevention strategies.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Daniel José Scheliga, Adriano Akira Ferreira Hino, Marcia Olandoski, Julio Cesar de Moura-Leite, Emanuel Marques-da-Silva, Selene Elifio Esposito
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