Apicomplexa parasites in the brains of road-killed wild animals in the State of Paraná, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p1365Keywords:
Neospora caninum, Road-killed, Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Wild animals.Abstract
The use of run-over wild animals is an efficient strategy for scientific research of pathogens. The aim of this study was to detect DNA from phylum Apicomplexa in the brain of road-killed wild animals from the North-Central and North Pioneer mesoregions of Paraná, Brazil. Pre-established transects were run weekly; when found, animals were packed into individual packages and sent for autopsy. The brain fragments were collected and kept at -20 ° C until processing. The DNA extracted from the samples was amplified by nested-PCR for the 18S rDNA gene from the phylum Apicomplexa. All positive samples were submitted to DNA sequencing to define the species. A total of 90 animals were collected, however, only 68 animals (75.6%) that had integrity of the brain were included in the study. It was possible to identify the species by DNA sequencing in four samples: Sarcocystis spp. was identified in one Colaptes melanochloros (Green-barred woodpecker) and one Mazama gouazoubira (Gray brocket). Neospora caninum was observed in a Leopardus pardalis (Ocelot) and T. gondii was present in Didelphis albiventris (white-eared opossum). The results indicated that parasites with economic and public health relevance were present in wild animals, which may favor infection of humans and animals.References
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Dubey, J. P., Calero-Bernal, R., Rosenthal, B. M., Speer, C. A., & Fayer, R. (2016). Sarcocystosis of Animals and Humans (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. Retrieved from https://www.routledge.com/ Sarcocystosis-of-Animals-and-Humans/Dubey-Calero-Bernal-Rosenthal-Speer-Fayer/p/book/97803675 75458
Dubey, J. P., Johnson, G. C., Bermudez, A., Suedmeyer, K. W., & Fritz, D. L. (2001). Neural sarcocystosis in a straw-necked ibis (carphibis spinicollis) associated with a sarcocystis neurona like organism and description of muscular sarcocysts of an unidentified sarcocystis species. Journal of Parasitology, 87(6), 1317-1322. doi: 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[1317:NSIASN]2.0.CO;2
Ebaii, V. V., Nardoni, S., Maestrini, M., Perrucci, S., & Mancianti, F. (2021). Serological Survey on the Ocurrence of Rickettisia spp., Neospora caninum, Bartonella henselae and Toxoplasma gondii in Cats from Tuscany (Central Italy). Animals : Na Open Access Jorunal from MDPI, 11(6). 1-8. doi: 10.3390/ ANI11061842
Konradt, G., Bianchi, M. V., Leite, R. V., Fº., Silva, B. Z. da, Soares, R. M., Pavarini, S. P., & Driemeier, D. (2016). Necrotizing meningoencephalitis caused by Sarcocystis falcatula in bare-faced ibis (Phimosus infuscatus). Undefined, 116(2), 809-812. doi: 10.1007/S00436-016-5341-6
Luniak, M. (2004). Synurbization-adaptation of animal wildlife to urban development. Retrieved from https://cals.arizona.edu/pubs/adjunct/snr0704/
Mansfield, L. S., Mehler, S., Nelson, K., Elsheikha, H. M., Murphy, A. J., Knust, B., Patterson, J. S. (2008). Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) harbor Sarcocystis neurona and act as intermediate hosts. Veterinary Parasitology, 153(1-2), 24-43. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.016
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Reis, N. R. dos, Peracchi, A. L., Pedro, W. A., & Lima, I. P. de. (2006). Mamíferos do Brasil: uma visão artística. Londrina: [s.n.].
Richini-Pereira, V. B., Bosco, S. M. G., Theodoro, R. C., Barrozo, L., & Bagagli, E. (2010). Road-killed wild animals: A preservation problem useful for eco-epidemiological studies of pathogens. Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases, 16(4), 607-613. doi: 10.1590/S1678-91992 010000400011
Richini-Pereira, V. B., Marson, P. M., Silva, R. C. da, & Langoni, H. (2016). Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii and Sarcocystis spp. In road-killed wild mammals from the central western region of the state of são Paulo, Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 49(5), 602-607. doi: 10.1590/ 0037-8682-0270-2016
Ridgely, r. S., Gwynne, J. A., Tudor, G., & Argel, M. (2015). Aves do Brasil: Mata Atlântica do sudeste. São Paulo: Editora Horizonte.
Silva, R. C. da, Zetun, C. B., Bosco, S. de M. G., Bagagli, E., Rosa, P. S., & Langoni, H. (2008). Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. infection in free ranging armadillos. Veterinary Parasitology, 157(3-4), 291-293. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.08.004
Vitaliano, S. N. N., Soares, H. S. S., Minervino, A. H. H. H. H., Santos, A. L. Q. L. Q., Werther, K., Marvulo, M. F. V. F. V., Gennari, S. M. M. (2014). Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Brazilian wildlife revealed abundant new genotypes. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 3(3), 276-283. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.09.003
Wells, B., Shaw, H., Innocent, G., Guido, S., Hotchkiss, E., Parigi, M., Katzer, F. (2015). Molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii in water samples from Scotland and a comparison between the 529bp real-time PCR and ITS1 nested PCR. Water Research, 87, 175-181. doi: 10.1016/J.WATRES.2015.09.015
Wiki Aves - A Enciclopédia das Aves do Brasil. (2008). Disponível em https://www.wikiaves.com.br/
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2022-03-25
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Balbino, L. S., Bernardes, J. C., Paschoal, A. T. P., Santomauro, R. A., Caldart, E. T., Pasquali, A. K. S., … Pinto-Ferreira, F. (2022). Apicomplexa parasites in the brains of road-killed wild animals in the State of Paraná, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 43(3), 1365–1372. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n3p1365
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