Influence of dry and wet beef maturation on the microbiological quality and safety
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p155Keywords:
Coliforms, Escherichia coli, Foodborne pathogens, Listeria monocytogenes, Psychrotrophs.Abstract
The most used methods for the maturation process are vacuum (wet-aged) and dry (dry-aged), which can influence the microbiological quality and safety of meat for consumption. In this study, we aimed to verify the differences in microbiological quality between beef (Longissimus dorsi) that was wet-aged and dry-aged for 30 days, by quantification of indicator microorganism groups and molecular identification of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. This study verified that the meat matured by the dry-aged method showed significantly lower counts of total coliforms, aerobic mesophiles, psychrotrophs, and molds and yeasts as compared to wet-aged meat. While the Salmonella spp. was not isolated in any beef sample, L. monocytogenes and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) were isolated only from wet-aged beef. Thus, it was concluded that the superficial dehydration of the meat during dry-aged maturation, if carried out correctly and hygienically, confers higher microbiological quality and can reduce the occurrence of microbiological hazards.References
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Monsón, F., Sañudo, C., & Sierra, I. (2005). Influence of breed and ageing time on the sensory meat quality and consumer acceptability in intensively reared beef. Meat Science, 71(3), 471-479. doi: 10.1016/j. meatsci.2005.04.026
Ortigues-Marty, I., Thomas, E., Prévéraud, D. P., Girard, C. L., Bauchart, D., Durand, D., & Peyron, A. (2006). Influence of maturation and cooking treatments on the nutritional value of bovine meats: Water losses and vitamin B12. Meat Science, 73(3), 451-458. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.01.003
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Pidcock, K., Heard, G. M., & Henriksson, A. (2002). Application of nontraditional meat starter cultures in production of Hungarian salami. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 76(1), 75-81. doi: 10.1016/ S0168-1605(02)00002-8
Radoshevich, L., & Cossart, P. (2018). Listeria monocytogenes: towards a complete picture of its physiology and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16(1), 32-46. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.126
Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Silva, F. F., Lima, J. B. A., Ossugui, E. H., Teider, P. I., Jr., Campos, A. C. L. P.,... Beloti, V. (2019). Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from raw milk and Minas Frescal cheeses in Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(12), 10850-10854. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16732
Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Tamanini, R., Soares, B. F., Oliveira, A. M., Silva, F. G., Silva, F. F.,... Beloti, V. (2016). Efficiency of boiling and four other methods for genomic DNA extraction of deteriorating spore-forming bacteria from milk. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(5), 3069-3078. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5 p3069
Rodríguez López, P., Bernárdez, M., Rodríguez-Herrera, J. J., Comesaña, Á. S., & Cabo, M. L. (2019). Identification and metagenetic characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes-harbouring communities present in food-related industrial environments. Food Control, 95(1), 6-17. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018. 07.023
Ryser, E. T., & Schuman, J. D (2015). American Public Health Association. Mesophilic aerobic plate count. Chapter 8. In Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods.
Schäfer, D. F., Steffens, J., Barbosa, J., Zeni, J., Paroul, N., Valduga, E.,… Cansian, R. L. (2017). Monitoring of contamination sources of Listeria monocytogenes in a poultry slaughterhouse. LWT, 86(1), 393-398. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.024
Shanmugasamy, M., Velayutham, T., & Rajeswar, J. (2011). Inv A gene specific PCR for detection of Salmonella from broilers. Veterinary World, 4(12), 562-564. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2011.562-564
Van Ba, H., Seo, H. W., Pil-Nam, S., Kim, Y. S., Park, B. Y., Moon, S. S.,… Kim, J. H. (2018). The effects of pre-and post-slaughter spray application with organic acids on microbial population reductions on beef carcasses. Meat Science, 137(1), 16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.006
Vasavada, P. C., & Critzer, F. J (2015). American Public Health Association. Psychrotrophic Microorganisms. Chapter 13. In Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods.
Althaus, D., Zweifel, C., & Stephan, R. (2017). Analysis of a poultry slaughter process: influence of process stages on the microbiological contamination of broiler carcasses. Italian Journal of Food Safety, 6(4), 190-194. doi: 10.4081/ijfs.2017.7097
ANVISA. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (2001). Resolução-RDC n°12, de 02/01/01. Regulamento Técnico sobre Padrões Microbiológicos para Alimentos. Diário Oficial da União, 1, 45-53.
ANVISA. Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (2019). Instrução normativa n° 60, de 23/12/2019. Padrões microbiológicos para alimentos. Diário Oficial da União, 249, 133.
Chen, Y., & Knabel, S. J. (2007). Multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of bacteria of the genus Listeria, Listeria monocytogenes, and major serotypes and epidemic clones of L. monocytogenes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73(19), 6299-6304. doi: 10.1128/AEM.00961-07
Damez, J. L., & Clerjon, S. (2008). Meat quality assessment using biophysical methods related to meat structure. Meat Science, 80(1), 132-149. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2008.05.039
Dashdorj, D., Tripathi, V. K., Cho, S., Kim, Y., & Hwang, I. (2016). Dry aging of beef; Review. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 58(20), 20. doi: 10.1186/s40781-016-0101-9
Dufour, A. P. (1977). Escherichia coli: the fecal coliform. Bacterial indicators/health hazards associated with water (pp. 48-58). Philadelphia: ASTM International.
Etcheverría, A. I., Padola, N. L., Sanz, M. E., Polifroni, R., Krüger, A., Passucci, J.,… Parma, A. E. (2010). Occurrence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) on carcasses and retail beef cuts in the marketing chain of beef in Argentina. Meat Science, 86(2), 418-421. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.05.027
International Organization for Standardization (2002). ISO 6579. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - horizontal method for detection of Salmonella spp. (4nd ed.). Amendment 1:2007.
International Organization for Standardization (2004). ISO 11290-1:1996. Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - horizontal method for the detection and enumeration of Listeria monocytogenes. Part 1: Detection method. Amendment 1:2004.
Kornacki, J. L., Gurtler, J. B., & Stawick, B. A (2015). American Public Health Association Enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, and Escherichia coli as quality and safety indicators. Chapter 9. In Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods.
Koutsoumanis, K., & Sofos, J. N. (2004). Microbial contamination of carcasses and cuts. Encyclopedia of Meat Sciences, 67(1), 1624-1629. doi: 10.1016/B0-12-464970-X/00070-2
Lautenschlaeger, R. (2012). Latest trends in beef maturation-Dry-aged versus wet-aged beef. Proceedings of the 58th International Congress of Meat Science and Technology, International Competence Center on Meat Quality, Department of Safety and Quality of Meat, Max Rubner-Institut, Germany.
Lee, H. J., Yoon, J. W., Kim, M., Oh, H., Yoon, Y., & Jo, C. (2019). Changes in microbial composition on the crust by different air flow velocities and their effect on sensory properties of dry-aged beef. Meat Science, 153(1), 152-158. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.03.019.
Liu, D., Ainsworth, A. J., Austin, F. W., & Lawrence, M. L. (2004). Use of PCR primers derived from a putative transcriptional regulator gene for species-specific determination of Listeria monocytogenes. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 91(3), 297-304. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.07.004
Marty, E., Buchs, J., Eugster-Meier, E., Lacroix, C., & Meile, L. (2012). Identification of staphylococci and dominant lactic acid bacteria in spontaneously fermented Swiss meat products using PCR-RFLP. Food Microbiology, 29(2), 157-166. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.09.011
Mateus, K. A., Santos, M. R., Viana, L. R., Camillo, D. M., & Kessler, J. D. (2018). Período de maturação promove alterações dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos da carne bovina submetida a vácuo. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, 17(4), 599-602. doi: 10.5965/223811711732018599
Mezali, L., Mebkhout, F., Nouichi, S., Boudjellaba, S., & Hamdi, T. M. (2019). Serotype diversity and slaughterhouse-level risk factors related to Salmonella contamination on poultry carcasses in Algiers. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 13(5), 384-393. doi: 10.3855/jidc.10450
Monsón, F., Sañudo, C., & Sierra, I. (2005). Influence of breed and ageing time on the sensory meat quality and consumer acceptability in intensively reared beef. Meat Science, 71(3), 471-479. doi: 10.1016/j. meatsci.2005.04.026
Ortigues-Marty, I., Thomas, E., Prévéraud, D. P., Girard, C. L., Bauchart, D., Durand, D., & Peyron, A. (2006). Influence of maturation and cooking treatments on the nutritional value of bovine meats: Water losses and vitamin B12. Meat Science, 73(3), 451-458. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.01.003
Paton, A. W., & Paton, J. C. (1998). Detection and characterization of shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli by using multiplex PCR assays for stx1, stx2, eaeA, enterohemorrhagic E. coli hlyA, rfb O111, and rfb O157. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 36(2), 598-602. doi: 10.1128/JCM.36.2.598-602.1998
Pesciaroli, M., Cucco, L., De Luca, S., Massacci, F. R., Maresca, C., Medici, L.,... Magistrali, C. F. (2017). Association between pigs with high caecal Salmonella loads and carcass contamination. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 242(1), 82-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.11.021
Pidcock, K., Heard, G. M., & Henriksson, A. (2002). Application of nontraditional meat starter cultures in production of Hungarian salami. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 76(1), 75-81. doi: 10.1016/ S0168-1605(02)00002-8
Radoshevich, L., & Cossart, P. (2018). Listeria monocytogenes: towards a complete picture of its physiology and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 16(1), 32-46. doi: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.126
Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Silva, F. F., Lima, J. B. A., Ossugui, E. H., Teider, P. I., Jr., Campos, A. C. L. P.,... Beloti, V. (2019). Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from raw milk and Minas Frescal cheeses in Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(12), 10850-10854. doi: 10.3168/jds.2019-16732
Ribeiro, J. C., Jr., Tamanini, R., Soares, B. F., Oliveira, A. M., Silva, F. G., Silva, F. F.,... Beloti, V. (2016). Efficiency of boiling and four other methods for genomic DNA extraction of deteriorating spore-forming bacteria from milk. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 37(5), 3069-3078. doi: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5 p3069
Rodríguez López, P., Bernárdez, M., Rodríguez-Herrera, J. J., Comesaña, Á. S., & Cabo, M. L. (2019). Identification and metagenetic characterisation of Listeria monocytogenes-harbouring communities present in food-related industrial environments. Food Control, 95(1), 6-17. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018. 07.023
Ryser, E. T., & Schuman, J. D (2015). American Public Health Association. Mesophilic aerobic plate count. Chapter 8. In Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods.
Schäfer, D. F., Steffens, J., Barbosa, J., Zeni, J., Paroul, N., Valduga, E.,… Cansian, R. L. (2017). Monitoring of contamination sources of Listeria monocytogenes in a poultry slaughterhouse. LWT, 86(1), 393-398. doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.024
Shanmugasamy, M., Velayutham, T., & Rajeswar, J. (2011). Inv A gene specific PCR for detection of Salmonella from broilers. Veterinary World, 4(12), 562-564. doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2011.562-564
Van Ba, H., Seo, H. W., Pil-Nam, S., Kim, Y. S., Park, B. Y., Moon, S. S.,… Kim, J. H. (2018). The effects of pre-and post-slaughter spray application with organic acids on microbial population reductions on beef carcasses. Meat Science, 137(1), 16-23. doi: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.11.006
Vasavada, P. C., & Critzer, F. J (2015). American Public Health Association. Psychrotrophic Microorganisms. Chapter 13. In Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods.
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2021-01-19
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Ribeiro Júnior, J. C., Santos, I. G. C. dos, Dias, B. P., Augusto, W. F., Rodrigues, Ézio M., & Miotto, F. R. C. (2021). Influence of dry and wet beef maturation on the microbiological quality and safety. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(1), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p155
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