Energy use efficiency in soybean crops in different regions of Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p2991Keywords:
Energy consumption, Glycine max, Grain yield.Abstract
The soybean crop in Brazil has been growing in area and productivity in recent years and the analysis of its energy efficiency is very important to guarantee the sustainability of the production system. Assessment of energy efficiency (EE) enables the evaluation of the sustainability of agrosystems, as well as decision-making regarding the reduction in production costs and negative environmental impacts. In this context, the objective of this study was to assess energy efficiency of soybean in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, 29 areas of soybean across the major producing states were assessed. Energy inputs and outputs of agricultural operations and/or agricultural inputs were calculated by multiplying the amount used by their calorific value or energy coefficient at each stage of production. Energy efficiency was calculated as the ratio between the total output energy and the total input energy during the production process. For every MJ of energy consumed in the production of soybean crop, 6.1; 6.7; 7.1 and 7.2 MJ of energy were produced in the form of grain, respectively in the areas assessed in the Midwest, northeast, southeast and south regions of Brazil. Generally, the main energy expenditure on soybean cultivation in different regions of Brazil was with fertilizers, seeds and herbicides. The adverse weather conditions of the year / harvest evaluated in the south-central region of Brazil resulted in low soybean yields and consequently resulted in lower energy efficiency in these regions. The evaluation of energy efficiency in soybean crops to be representative must be carried out in different regions and edaphoclimatic conditions.References
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Capellesso, A. J., & Cazella, A. A. (2013). Sustainability indicator of agroecosystems: a case study in areas of maize cultivation. Ciência Rural, 43(12), 2297-2303. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782013005000130
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Sá, J. M., Urquiaga, S., Jantalia, C. P., Soares, L. H. B., Alves, B. J. R., & Boddey, R. M. (2013). Energy balance for the production of grain, meat, and biofuel in specialized and mixed agrosystems. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(10), 1323-1331. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2013001000003
Santos, H. P., & Fontaneli, R. S. (2007). Energy conversion and balance in agricultural systems of maize production under no-tillage. In H. P. Santos, R. S. Fontaneli, S. T. Spera, Agricultural systems of maize production under no-tillage (pp. 297-312). Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil: EMBRAPA Trigo.
Santos, H. P., Fontaneli, R. S., Spera, S. T., & Dreon, G. (2013). Energy conversion and balance of integrated crop livestock production systems under no tillage. Revista Brasileira Ciências Agrarias, 8(1), 1-7. doi: 10.5039/agraria.v8i1a1392
Santos, H. P., Spera, S. T., Fontaneli, R. S., & Dreon, G. (2011). Evaluation of the cultural practices on energy conversion and balance. Revista Brasileira Ciências Agrarias, 6(4), 634-641. doi: 10.1590/S00 06-87052007000200014
Silva, M. S., Oliveira, G. R. F., Merloti, L. F., & Sá, M. E. (2017). Accumulation of nutrients and dry matter produced by Crotalaria juncea cultived in Cerrado. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(1), 26-36. doi: 10.18011/bioeng2017v11n1p26-36
Souza, J. L., Casali, V. W. D., Santos, R. H. S., & Cecon, P. R. (2008). Energetic balance and sustainability analysis in the organic production of vegetable crops. Horticultura Brasileira, 26(4), 433-440. doi: 10. 1590/S0102-05362008000400003
Teixeira, R. S., Silva, I. R., Sousa, R. N., Mattiello, E. M., & Soares, E. M. B. (2016). Organic acid coated-slow-release phosphorus fertilizers improve P availability and maize growth in a tropical soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 16(4), 1097-112. doi: 10.4067/S0718-95162016005000081
United States Department of Agriculture (2018). World agricultural supply and demand estimates. Virgínia, US: USDA.
Vieira, G. (2007). Avaliação energética e custo de produção da cana-de-açúcar (saccharum) do preparo de solo ao 5º corte. Tese de doutorado, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
Assenheimer, A., Campos, A. T., & Gonçalves, A. C., Jr. (2009). Analysis of energy use in soybean production under conventional and organic farming systems. Ambiência, 5(3), 443-455.
Beber, J. A. C. (1989). Energy efficiency and agricultural production processes in smallholdings. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil.
Boddey, R. M., Soares, L. H. B., Alves, B. J. R., & Urquiaga, S. (2008). Bio-ethanol production in Brazil. In D. Pimentel, Biofuels, solar and wind as renewable energy systems (pp. 321-356). Dordrecht, Holanda: Springer.
Camenzind, T., Hättenschwiler, S., Treseder, K., Lehmann, A., & Rillig, M. C. (2018). Nutrient limitation of soil microbial processes in tropical forests. Ecological Monographs, 88(1), 4-21. doi: 10.1002/ecm.1279
Campos, A. T., Klosowsk, E. S., Souza, C. V., Zanini, A., & Prestes, T. M. V. (2009). Analysis of energy use in soybean production under no-tillage system. Global Science and Technology, 2(2), 38-44.
Campos, M., Antonangelo, J. A., & Alleoni, L. R. F. (2016). Phosphorus sorption index in humid tropical soils. Soil & Tillage Research, 156(1), 110-118. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2015.09.020
Capellesso, A. J., & Cazella, A. A. (2013). Sustainability indicator of agroecosystems: a case study in areas of maize cultivation. Ciência Rural, 43(12), 2297-2303. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782013005000130
Chen, R., Qin, Z., Han, J., Wang, M., Taheripour, F., & Tyner, W. (2018). Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emission effects of biodiesel in the United States with induced land use change impacts. Bioresource Technology, 251(1), 249-58. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.031
Comitre, V. (1993). Avaliação energética e aspectos econômicos da soja na região de Ribeirão Preto, SP. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brasil.
Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (2010). Custos da produção agrícola: a metodologia da CONAB. Recuperado de http://www.conab.gov.br/conabweb/download/safra/custos.pdf
Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (2014). Perspectiva para a Agropecuária, safra 2014/2015. Recuperado de http://www.conab.gov.br/OlalaCMS/uploads/arquivos/14_09_10_18_03_00_ perspectivas_2014-15.pdf
Cunha, J. P. B., Campos, A. T., Martins, F. G. L., Paula, V. R., Volpato, C. E. S., & Silva, F. C. (2015). Demanda energética de diferentes manejos de solo no cultivo de milho. Bioscience Journal, 31(3), 808-817. doi: 10.14393/BJv31n3a2015-22431
Energy Research Office (2015). Balanço energético brasileiro: ano base 2014. Recuperado de http://www.mme.gov.br/documents/10584/1143895/2.1+-+BEN+2015+-+Documento+Completo+em+ Portugu%C3%AAs+-+Ingl%C3%AAs+%28PDF%29/22602d8c-a366-4d16-a15f-f29933e816ff? version =1.0
Ferreira, F. F., Neumann, O. S., & Hoffmann, R. (2014). Matrix analysis of energy and economic crop of rice, soy and wheat in intensive production system in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ciência Rural, 44(2), 380-385. doi: 10.1590/S0103-84782013005000157
Ferri, G. C., Braccini, A. L., Anghinoni, F. B. G., & Pereira, L. C. (2017). Effects of associated co inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum with Azospirillum brasilense on soybean yield and growth. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 12(1), 6-11. doi: 10.5897/AJAR2016.11711
Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute (2012). World agricultural outlook - application rates. Recuperado de http://www.fapri.iastate.edu/outlook/2012/
Gomes, G. P. (2012). Balanço de energia em sistema de cultivo orgânico para produção de oleaginosas e vegetais. Dissertação de mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
Hülsbergen, K. J., Feil, B., Biermann, S., Rathke, G. W., Kalk,W. D., & Diepenbrock, W. A. (2001). Method of energy balancing in crop production and its application in a long-term fertilizer trial. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 86(3), 303-321. doi: 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00286-3
Macedônio, A. C., & Picchioni, S. A. (1985). Métodos de cálculo do consumo de energia fóssil na produção agrícola. Curitiba, Brasil: Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura.
Melo, D., Pereira, J. O., Souza, E. G., Gabriel, A., Fº., Nóbrega, L. H. P., & Pinheiro, R., Neto. (2007). Energy balance of soybean and corn production systems in a farm of the west of Paraná, Brazil. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, 29(2), 173-178. doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v29i2.233
Mourad, A. L., & Walter, A. (2011). The energy balance of soybean biodiesel in Brazil: a case study. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 5(2), 185-197. doi: 10.1002/bbb.278
Pimentel, D. (1980). Handbook of energy utilization in agriculture. Boca Raton, US: CRC Press.
Quadros, K. R., & Kokuszka, R. (2007). Balanço energético em sistemas convencionais e agroecológicos de cultivo de feijão na região de Rebouças, no Paraná. Revista Brasileira de Agroecologia, 2(1), 50-54.
Riquetti, N. B. (2014). Produtividade, eficiência energética e econômica em semeadura cruzada de soja. Tese de doutorado, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
Sá, J. M., Urquiaga, S., Jantalia, C. P., Soares, L. H. B., Alves, B. J. R., & Boddey, R. M. (2013). Energy balance for the production of grain, meat, and biofuel in specialized and mixed agrosystems. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(10), 1323-1331. doi: 10.1590/S0100-204X2013001000003
Santos, H. P., & Fontaneli, R. S. (2007). Energy conversion and balance in agricultural systems of maize production under no-tillage. In H. P. Santos, R. S. Fontaneli, S. T. Spera, Agricultural systems of maize production under no-tillage (pp. 297-312). Passo Fundo, RS, Brasil: EMBRAPA Trigo.
Santos, H. P., Fontaneli, R. S., Spera, S. T., & Dreon, G. (2013). Energy conversion and balance of integrated crop livestock production systems under no tillage. Revista Brasileira Ciências Agrarias, 8(1), 1-7. doi: 10.5039/agraria.v8i1a1392
Santos, H. P., Spera, S. T., Fontaneli, R. S., & Dreon, G. (2011). Evaluation of the cultural practices on energy conversion and balance. Revista Brasileira Ciências Agrarias, 6(4), 634-641. doi: 10.1590/S00 06-87052007000200014
Silva, M. S., Oliveira, G. R. F., Merloti, L. F., & Sá, M. E. (2017). Accumulation of nutrients and dry matter produced by Crotalaria juncea cultived in Cerrado. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 11(1), 26-36. doi: 10.18011/bioeng2017v11n1p26-36
Souza, J. L., Casali, V. W. D., Santos, R. H. S., & Cecon, P. R. (2008). Energetic balance and sustainability analysis in the organic production of vegetable crops. Horticultura Brasileira, 26(4), 433-440. doi: 10. 1590/S0102-05362008000400003
Teixeira, R. S., Silva, I. R., Sousa, R. N., Mattiello, E. M., & Soares, E. M. B. (2016). Organic acid coated-slow-release phosphorus fertilizers improve P availability and maize growth in a tropical soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 16(4), 1097-112. doi: 10.4067/S0718-95162016005000081
United States Department of Agriculture (2018). World agricultural supply and demand estimates. Virgínia, US: USDA.
Vieira, G. (2007). Avaliação energética e custo de produção da cana-de-açúcar (saccharum) do preparo de solo ao 5º corte. Tese de doutorado, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu, SP, Brasil.
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2020-11-06
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Guareschi, R. F., Martins, M. dos R., Sarkis, L. F., Alves, B. J. R., Jantalia, C. P., Boddey, R. M., & Urquiaga, S. (2020). Energy use efficiency in soybean crops in different regions of Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6Supl2), 2991–3010. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p2991
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