Toxoplasmosis outbreak in sheep in northern-central Paraná, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1361Keywords:
Cats, Immunofluorescence, Sheep culture, Abortion, PCR. Toxoplasma gondii.Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate an outbreak of abortion in a herd of beef sheep on a property in Ivaiporã, north central Paraná, Brazil. A total of 64 blood samples were collected from the sheep, 33 of which were mothers with reports of abortion or stillbirth, and 7 with weak lamb birth. For epidemiological investigation of the parasite, fourteen samples were collected from different sources on the property, six from water, three from soil, one from trough, and four from feed. Indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) analysis and polymerase chain reaction were performed for detecting anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the sheep and molecular identification of the protozoan in the environment, respectively. The IFI results showed that 95.3% of the sheep were seropositive for anti-T. gondii antibodies; however, the environmental samples tested negative. During the visit to the property and interview with the owner, free-roaming cats were observed on the property for biological control of rodents that had access to the food deposits. This type of management may have triggered the outbreak, which reinforces the importance of preventive management and veterinary medical monitoring on sheep farms.References
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Camargo, M. E. (1973). Introdução às técnicas de imunofluorescência. Revista Brasileira de Patologia Clínica, 10(4), 143-171.
Chiebao, D. P., Pena, H. F., Passarelli, D., Santín, T., Pulz, L. H., Strefezzi, R. F.,... Soares, R. M. (2019). Congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii after experimental reinfection with brazilian typical strains in chronically infected sheep. Frontiers Veterinary Sciense, 6(93), 1-11. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019. 00093
Dubey, J. P. (2009). Toxoplasmosis in sheep-the last 20 years. Veterinary Parasitology, 163(1-2), 1-14 doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.02.026
Dubey, J. P. (2010). Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans (2nd ed.). Maryland, USA: CRC Press.
Dubey, J. P., Emond, J. P., Desmonts, G., & Anderson, W. R. (1987). Serodiagnosis of postnatally and prenatally induced toxoplasmosis in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research (48), 1239-1243. Retrieverd from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631714/
Dubey, J. P., & Kirkbride, C. A. (1989). Economic and public health considerations of congenital toxoplasmosis in lambs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 195(12), 1715-1716. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/2599957
Dubey, J. P., Verma, S. K., Ferreira, L. R., Oliveira, S., Cassineli, A. B., Ying, Y.,… Jones, J. L. (2014). Detection and survival of Toxoplasma gondii in milk and cheese from experimentally infected goats. Journal of Food Protection, 77(10), 1747-1753. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-167
Ferreira, F. P., Caldart, E. T., Freire, R. L., Freitas, F. M. de, Miura, A. C., Mareze, M.,… Navarro, I. T. (2018a). The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, v. 27, n. 3, p. 327-337. doi: 10.1590/ s1984-296120180050
Ferreira, J. M., Neto, Ferreira, F. P., Miura, A. C., Almeida, J. C. de, Martins, F. D. C., Souza, M. de,… Navarro, I. T. (2018b). An outbreak of caprine toxoplasmosis - investigation and case report. Ciência Rural, 48(5). doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20170790
Franco, R. M., Branco, N., & Leal, D. A. G. (2012). Parasitologia ambiental: métodos de concentração e detecção de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. em amostras de água. Revista de Patologia Tropical, 41(2), 119-135. doi: 10.5216/rpt.v41i2.19320
Frenkel, J. K., Ruiz, A., & Chinchilla, M. (1975). Soil survival of Toxoplasma oocysts in Kansas and Costa Rica. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 24(3), 439-443. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1975. 24.439
Gabardo, M. P., Oliveira, J. S. V., Ecco, R., & Guedes, R. M. C. (2013). Outbreak of ovine abortion by toxoplasmosis in southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology., 6(1), 37-41. doi: 10. 1590/S0100-736X2011001100001
Homan, W. L., Vercammen, M., De Braekeleer, J., &Verschueren, H. (2000). Identification of a 200- to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment in Toxoplasma gondii, and its use for diagnostic and quantitative PCR. International Journal for Parasitology, 30(1), 69-75. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00170-8
Movassaghi, A. R., Rassouli, M., Fazaeli, A., & Salimi-Bejestani, M. R. (2016). Outbreak of ovine congenital toxoplasmosis in Iran, confirmed by different diagnostic methods. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 40(1), 152-156. doi: 10.1007/s12639-014-0467-x
Plant, J. W., Richardson, N., & Moyle, G. G. (1974). Toxoplasma infection and abortion in sheep associated with feeding of grain contaminated with cat faeces. Australian Veterinary Journal, 50(1), 19-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb09365.x
Santos, T. R. dos, Nunes, C. M., Rui Luvizotto, M. C., Moura, A. B. de, Zanetti Lopes, W. D., Costa, A. J. da, & Saraiva Bresciani, K. D. (2010). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples from public schools. Veterinary Parasitology, 171(1-2), 53-57. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02. 045
Zedda, M. T., Rolesu, S., Pau, S., Rosati, I., Ledda, S., Satta, G.,… Masala, G. (2010). Epidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in ovine breeding. Zoonoses and Public Health, 57(7-8), e102-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01292.x
Camargo, M. E. (1973). Introdução às técnicas de imunofluorescência. Revista Brasileira de Patologia Clínica, 10(4), 143-171.
Chiebao, D. P., Pena, H. F., Passarelli, D., Santín, T., Pulz, L. H., Strefezzi, R. F.,... Soares, R. M. (2019). Congenital transmission of Toxoplasma gondii after experimental reinfection with brazilian typical strains in chronically infected sheep. Frontiers Veterinary Sciense, 6(93), 1-11. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019. 00093
Dubey, J. P. (2009). Toxoplasmosis in sheep-the last 20 years. Veterinary Parasitology, 163(1-2), 1-14 doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.02.026
Dubey, J. P. (2010). Toxoplasmosis of animals and humans (2nd ed.). Maryland, USA: CRC Press.
Dubey, J. P., Emond, J. P., Desmonts, G., & Anderson, W. R. (1987). Serodiagnosis of postnatally and prenatally induced toxoplasmosis in sheep. American Journal of Veterinary Research (48), 1239-1243. Retrieverd from https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3631714/
Dubey, J. P., & Kirkbride, C. A. (1989). Economic and public health considerations of congenital toxoplasmosis in lambs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 195(12), 1715-1716. Retrieved from http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/2599957
Dubey, J. P., Verma, S. K., Ferreira, L. R., Oliveira, S., Cassineli, A. B., Ying, Y.,… Jones, J. L. (2014). Detection and survival of Toxoplasma gondii in milk and cheese from experimentally infected goats. Journal of Food Protection, 77(10), 1747-1753. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-167
Ferreira, F. P., Caldart, E. T., Freire, R. L., Freitas, F. M. de, Miura, A. C., Mareze, M.,… Navarro, I. T. (2018a). The effect of water source and soil supplementation on parasite contamination in organic vegetable gardens. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Parasitology, v. 27, n. 3, p. 327-337. doi: 10.1590/ s1984-296120180050
Ferreira, J. M., Neto, Ferreira, F. P., Miura, A. C., Almeida, J. C. de, Martins, F. D. C., Souza, M. de,… Navarro, I. T. (2018b). An outbreak of caprine toxoplasmosis - investigation and case report. Ciência Rural, 48(5). doi: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20170790
Franco, R. M., Branco, N., & Leal, D. A. G. (2012). Parasitologia ambiental: métodos de concentração e detecção de Cryptosporidium spp. e Giardia spp. em amostras de água. Revista de Patologia Tropical, 41(2), 119-135. doi: 10.5216/rpt.v41i2.19320
Frenkel, J. K., Ruiz, A., & Chinchilla, M. (1975). Soil survival of Toxoplasma oocysts in Kansas and Costa Rica. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 24(3), 439-443. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1975. 24.439
Gabardo, M. P., Oliveira, J. S. V., Ecco, R., & Guedes, R. M. C. (2013). Outbreak of ovine abortion by toxoplasmosis in southeastern Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Pathology., 6(1), 37-41. doi: 10. 1590/S0100-736X2011001100001
Homan, W. L., Vercammen, M., De Braekeleer, J., &Verschueren, H. (2000). Identification of a 200- to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment in Toxoplasma gondii, and its use for diagnostic and quantitative PCR. International Journal for Parasitology, 30(1), 69-75. doi: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00170-8
Movassaghi, A. R., Rassouli, M., Fazaeli, A., & Salimi-Bejestani, M. R. (2016). Outbreak of ovine congenital toxoplasmosis in Iran, confirmed by different diagnostic methods. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 40(1), 152-156. doi: 10.1007/s12639-014-0467-x
Plant, J. W., Richardson, N., & Moyle, G. G. (1974). Toxoplasma infection and abortion in sheep associated with feeding of grain contaminated with cat faeces. Australian Veterinary Journal, 50(1), 19-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.1974.tb09365.x
Santos, T. R. dos, Nunes, C. M., Rui Luvizotto, M. C., Moura, A. B. de, Zanetti Lopes, W. D., Costa, A. J. da, & Saraiva Bresciani, K. D. (2010). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts in environmental samples from public schools. Veterinary Parasitology, 171(1-2), 53-57. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.02. 045
Zedda, M. T., Rolesu, S., Pau, S., Rosati, I., Ledda, S., Satta, G.,… Masala, G. (2010). Epidemiological study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in ovine breeding. Zoonoses and Public Health, 57(7-8), e102-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01292.x
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2021-03-19
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Bernardes, J. C., Pinto-Ferreira, F., Barros, L. D. de, Ladeia, W. A., Mareze, M., Sasse, J. P., … Navarro, I. T. (2021). Toxoplasmosis outbreak in sheep in northern-central Paraná, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3), 1361–1368. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1361
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