Use of by-products in a total mixed ration silage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p3473Keywords:
Aerobic stability, Fermentation losses, Total mixed ration.Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluated fermentation losses and silage quality with the addition of different by-products in TMR. A completely randomized design was used with four treatments: Control (CTL, with hay, corn silage, cracked corn, soybean meal, wheat bran and minerals); CTL plus the addition of fresh orange pulp (FOP); CTL plus soybean hulls (SBH) or CTL plus wet brewery wastes (WBW), with six replicates. The ingredients were mixed and ensiled in 24 PVC experimental silos. After 56 days of ensiling, fermentation losses (effluents, dry matter and gases), and the TMR silage pH and chemical composition were analyzed; aerobic stability was evaluated over seven days after the silos were opened. Lower dry matter (P ? 0.0001) was observed in TMR ensiled with wet (WBW and FOP) compared to dry (SBH) by-products. Greater ADF (P = 0.031) was observed in SBH when compared to others by-products. WBW and FOP increased dry matter (P ? 0.0001) and effluent losses (P ? 0.0001) when compared to CTL and SBH. SBH treatment remained stable after 176-hour, which differ (P = 0.0015) compared with the other treatments (range from 94.5 to 99 hours of exposure to air). The density (kg DM/m3) changed (P ? 0.0001) among treatments. The inclusion of SBH in TMR silages had the greatest density, followed by CTL, WBW and FOP. The density was negatively correlated with DM losses ( r= - 0,81; P ? 0.0001). The pH differ (P = 0.003) among treatments. Highest pH of TMR silage was observed for SBH (3,67) and the lowest (3,56) for FOP. Soybean hulls successful improved aerobic stability and density, whereas aerobic stability and density were decreased and fermentation losses increased when fresh orange pulp and wet brewery were used. Little effects on chemical composition were observed, thereby agro-industrial by-products can be used in TMR silages as long as there is adequate product availability and pricing.Metrics
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References
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Dantas, C. C. O., Zanine, A. M., Souza, A. L., Cabral, L. S., Negrão, F. M., Santos, E. M., & Ferreira, D. J. (2014). Losses through gases and effluent and nutritional value of Brachiaria decumbens with addition of soybean hulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(5), 225-231. doi: 10.1590/S1516-3598201400050 0001
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Miyaji, M., & Nonaka, K. (2018). Effects of altering total mixed ration conservation method when feeding dry-rolled versus steam-flaked hulled rice on lactation and digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(6), 5092-5101. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13802
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Smith, W. B., Coffey, K. P., Rhein, R. T., Kegley, E. B., Philipp, D., Powell, J. G.,... Young, A. N. (2017). Feeding distillers' grains, soybean hulls, or a mixture of both to cows as a forage replacement: effects on intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 95(8), 3666-3675. doi: 10.2527/jas.2017.1379
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Tomich, T. R., Pereira, L. G. R., Gonçalves, L. C., Tomich, R. G. P., & Borges, I. (2003). Características químicas para avaliação do processo fermentativo de silagens: uma proposta para qualificação da fermentação. Documentos, 57, 20. Recuperado de http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022030 200749125
Uyeno, Y., Chao, W., Jayanegara, A., Kondo, M., Ban-Tokuda, T., & Matsui, H. (2016). Increase in rumen fibrolytic bacteria and the improvement of fiber degradability of ensiled total mixed ration assessed by in vitro rumen culture. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4(4), 183-186. doi: 10.14737/ JOURNAL.AAVS/2016/4.4.183.186
Wang, F., & Nishino, N. (2013). Effects of storage temperature and ensiling period on fermentation products, aerobic stability and microbial communities of total mixed ration silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 114(6), 1687-1695. doi: 10.1111/jam.12200
Weinberg, Z. G., Chen, Y., Miron, D., Raviv, Y., Nahim, E., Bloch, A.,… Miron, J. (2011). Preservation of total mixed rations for dairy cows in bales wrapped with polyethylene stretch film - A commercial scale experiment. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 164(1-2), 125-129. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010. 11.016
Borreani, G., Tabacco, E., Schmidt, R. J., Holmes, B. J., & Muck, R. E. (2018). Silage review: factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 3952-3979. doi: 10. 3168/jds.2017-13837
Daniel, J. L. P., Bueno, A. V. I., Lazzari, G., & Jobim, C. B. (2019). Ensiling total mixed ration for ruminant. Proceedings of the VI Internatiol Symposium on Forage Quality and Conservation, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil.
Dantas, C. C. O., Zanine, A. M., Souza, A. L., Cabral, L. S., Negrão, F. M., Santos, E. M., & Ferreira, D. J. (2014). Losses through gases and effluent and nutritional value of Brachiaria decumbens with addition of soybean hulls. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 43(5), 225-231. doi: 10.1590/S1516-3598201400050 0001
Giombelli, L. C. D. D., Roscamp, E., Gomes, F. J., Zotti, C. A., & Schogor, A. L. B. (2019). Qualitative monitoring of corn silage stored in commercial bunker silos and used as feed for dairy cattle in the western region of Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 40(4), 1695-1708. doi: 10. 5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1695
Gusmão, J. O., Danés, M. A. C., Casagrande, D. R., & Bernardes, T. F. (2018). Total mixed ration silage containing elephant grass for small-scale dairy farms. Grass and Forage Science, 73(3), 717-726. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12357
Kung, L., Jr., Grieve, D. B., Thomas, J. W., & Huber, J. T. (1984). Added ammonia or microbial inocula for fermentation and nitrogenous compounds of alfalfa ensiled at various percents of dry matter. Journal of Dairy Science, 67(2), 299-306. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(84)81302-8
Miyaji, M., & Nonaka, K. (2018). Effects of altering total mixed ration conservation method when feeding dry-rolled versus steam-flaked hulled rice on lactation and digestion in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(6), 5092-5101. doi: 10.3168/jds.2017-13802
Muck, R. E. (2013). Recent advances in silage microbiology. Agricultural and Food Science, 22(1), 3-15. doi: 10.23986/afsci.6718
National Research Council (2001). National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle (7nd rev. ed.). Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Sci.
Restelatto, R., Novinsk, C. O., Pereira, L. M., Silva, E. P. A., Volpi, D., Zopollatto, M.,... Faciola, A. P. (2019). Chemical composition, fermentative losses, and microbial counts of total mixed ration silages inoculated with different Lactobacillus species. Journal of Animal Science, 97(4), 1634-1644. doi: 10. 1093/jas/skz030
Smith, W. B., Coffey, K. P., Rhein, R. T., Kegley, E. B., Philipp, D., Powell, J. G.,... Young, A. N. (2017). Feeding distillers' grains, soybean hulls, or a mixture of both to cows as a forage replacement: effects on intake, digestibility, and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 95(8), 3666-3675. doi: 10.2527/jas.2017.1379
Silva, D. J., & Queiroz, A. C. (2009). Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos (3nd ed.). Viçosa, MG: Universidade Federal de Viçosa.
Tomich, T. R., Pereira, L. G. R., Gonçalves, L. C., Tomich, R. G. P., & Borges, I. (2003). Características químicas para avaliação do processo fermentativo de silagens: uma proposta para qualificação da fermentação. Documentos, 57, 20. Recuperado de http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022030 200749125
Uyeno, Y., Chao, W., Jayanegara, A., Kondo, M., Ban-Tokuda, T., & Matsui, H. (2016). Increase in rumen fibrolytic bacteria and the improvement of fiber degradability of ensiled total mixed ration assessed by in vitro rumen culture. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4(4), 183-186. doi: 10.14737/ JOURNAL.AAVS/2016/4.4.183.186
Wang, F., & Nishino, N. (2013). Effects of storage temperature and ensiling period on fermentation products, aerobic stability and microbial communities of total mixed ration silage. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 114(6), 1687-1695. doi: 10.1111/jam.12200
Weinberg, Z. G., Chen, Y., Miron, D., Raviv, Y., Nahim, E., Bloch, A.,… Miron, J. (2011). Preservation of total mixed rations for dairy cows in bales wrapped with polyethylene stretch film - A commercial scale experiment. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 164(1-2), 125-129. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010. 11.016
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2020-11-06
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Marocco, D. H., Favero, P., Guralski, R., Basi, C., Zacaron, W., Solivo, G., & Zotti, C. A. (2020). Use of by-products in a total mixed ration silage. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(6Supl2), 3473–3480. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n6Supl2p3473
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