Selectivity of pesticides used in peach orchards to eggs and pupae of the predators Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n4p1427Keywords:
Green lacewing, Ladybug, Fruticulture, Chemical control, Integrated pest management.Abstract
This study aimed to assess, under laboratory conditions, the selectivity of nine pesticides used in peach to the egg and pupal stages of the predators Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata. Tests consisted of the direct application of pesticides on eggs and pupae of predators and assessment of sublethal effects on fertility and fecundity of emerged adults. For eggs, the pesticides were classified according to the effects on the reduction of the percentage of larval hatching, while for pupae they were classified as a function of the total effect, according to the toxicity scale proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). All the pesticides (used dose) were harmless (class 1) to eggs of C. externa, but abamectin (80) and copper + calcium (1%) were considered slightly harmful (class 2) to pupae. In bioassays with C. quadrifasciata, abamectin (80), deltamethrin (40), and malathion (150) were classified as slightly harmful (class 2), while fenitrothion (100) was moderately harmful (class 3) to predator eggs; in the pupal stage, abamectin (80), fenitrothion (100), and malathion (150) were considered harmful (class 4). Azadirachtin (1%), chlorantraniliprole (14), deltamethrin (40), copper + calcium (25% + 10%), and sulfur + calcium (3.5 Ba) were harmless (class 1) to eggs and pupae of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata and thus should be prioritized in sprayings for pest control in the IPM of peach.Downloads
References
ANDRADE, D. J. D.; OLIVEIRA, C. A. L. D.; PATTARO, F. C.; SIQUEIRA, D. S. Acaricidas utilizados na citricultura convencional e orgânica: manejo da leprose e populações de ácaros fitoseídeos. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v. 32, n. 4, p. 1028-1037, 2010. DOI: 10.1590/S0100-29452011005000013
AZOD, F.; SHAHIDI-NOGHABI, S.; MAHDIAN, K.; SMAGGHE, G. Lethal and sublethal effects of spirotetramat and abamectin on predatory beetles (Menochilus sexmaculatus) via prey (Agonoscena pistaciae) exposure, important for integrated pest management in pistachio orchards. Belgian Journal of Zoology, Brussels, v. 146, n. 2, p. 113-122, 2016.
BACCI, L.; CRESPO, A. L.; GALVAN, T. L.; PEREIRA, E. J.; PICANÇO, M. C.; SILVA, G. A.; CHEDIAK, M. Toxicity of insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies. Pest Management Science, Medford, v. 63, n. 7, p. 699-706, 2007. DOI: 10.1002/ps.1393
BOTTON, M.; NAVA, D. E.; ARIOLI, C. J.; GRÜTZMACHER, A. D.; GARCIA, M. S. Bioecologia, monitoramento e controle da mariposa-oriental na cultura do pessegueiro no Rio Grande do Sul. Bento Gonçalves: EMBRAPA Uva e Vinho, 2011. 11 p. (Circular técnico, 86).
BRASIL. Instrução Normativa nº 7 de 17/05/1999. Diário Oficial [da] União, Brasília, 1999. Disponível em: http://ibd.com.br/Media/arquivo_digital/c40fe6c4-51f3-414a-9936-49ea 814fd64c.pdf. Acesso em: 22 abr. 2018.
BRASIL. Normas técnicas específicas para a produção integrada de pêssego. Grade de agroquímicos. Instrução Normativa/ SARC nº 016 - 1º de dezembro de 2003. Diário Oficial [da] União, Brasília, 2003. Disponível em: http://www.inmetro.gov.br/credenciamento/pessego/GradeAgroquimicos.pdf. Acesso em: 2 jan. 2018.
CARVALHO, A. G.; CARVALHO, C. F.; FERREIRA, M. N. Toxicidade de acaricidas a ovos e adultos de Ceraeochrysa cubana (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Ciência e Agrotecnologia, Lavras, v. 35, n. 1, p. 165-171, 2011. DOI: 10.1590/S1413-70542011000100021
CASTILHOS, R. V.; GRÜTZMACHER, A. D.; SIQUEIRA, P. R. B.; MORAES, I. L.; GAUER, C. J. Seletividade de agrotóxicos utilizados em pessegueiro sobre ovos e pupas do predador Chrysoperla externa. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 44, n. 11, p. 1921-1928, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20140248
CHOUINARD, G.; FIRLEJ, A.; CORMIER, D. Going beyond sprays and killing agents: exclusion, sterilization and disruption for insect pest control in pome and stone fruit orchards. Scientia Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 208, n. 1, p. 13-27, 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.scienta.2016.03.014
COSME, L. V.; CARVALHO, G. A.; MOURA, A. P.; PARREIRA, D. S. Toxicidade de óleo de nim para pupas e adultos de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Arquivos do Instituto Biológico, São Paulo, v. 76, n. 2, p. 233-238, 2009.
DEGRANDE, E. P.; REIS, R. P.; CARVALHO, A. G.; BELARMINO, L. C. Metodologia para avaliar o impacto de pesticidas sobre inimigos naturais. In: PARRA, J. R. P.; BOTELHO, P. S. M.; FERREIRA, B. S. C.; BENTO, J. M. S. (Ed.). Controle biológico no Brasil: parasitoides e predadores. São Paulo: Manole, 2002. cap. 5, p. 427-447.
FOGEL, M. N.; SCHNEIDER, M. I.; RIMOLDI, F.; LADUX, L. S.; DESNEUX, N.; RONCO, A. E. Toxicity assessment of four insecticides with different modes of action on pupae and adults of Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a relevant predator of the Neotropical Region. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Bordeaux, v. 23, n. 15, p. 14918-14926, 2016.
FORTES, J. F. Tratamento de inverno para o cultivo do pessegueiro. Pelotas: EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, 2002. 2 p. (Comunicado técnico, 70).
GIORGI, J. A.; VANDENBERG, N. J.; MCHUGH, J. V.; FORRESTER, J. A.; SLIPINSKI, S. A.; MILLER, K. B.; SHAPIRO, L. R.; WHITING, M. F. The evolution of food preferences in Coccinellidae. Biological Control, San Diego, v. 51, n. 2, p. 215-231, 2009. DOI: 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2009.05.019
GODOY, M. S.; CARVALHO, G. A.; MORAES, J. C.; GOUSSAIN, M. M.; MORAIS, A. A.; COSME, L. V. Seletividade de inseticidas utilizados na cultura dos citros para ovos e larvas de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Neotropical Entomology, Londrina, v. 33, n. 5, p. 639-646, 2004.
HASSAN, S. A. Guideline for testing the side effect of pesticides on the egg parasite Trichogramma cacoeciae. Bulletin SROP, Montfavet, n. 11, n. 1, p. 3-18, 1988.
HORNSBY, A. G.; WAUCHOPE, R.; HERNER, A. E. Pesticide properties in the environment. New York: Springer, 1996. 227 p.
INSTITUTO BRASILEIRO DE GEOGRAFIA E ESTATÍSTICA - IBGE. Censo Agropecuário, 2017. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.ibge.gov.br/estatisticas-novoportal/economicas/agricultura-e-pecuaria/21814-2017-censo-agropecuario.html?=&t=resultados. Acesso em: 1 set. 2018.
LILLY, D. G.; DANG, K.; WEBB, C. E.; DOGGETT, S. L. Evidence for metabolic pyrethroid resistance in the common bed bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, Annapolis, v. 109, n. 3, p. 1364-1368, 2016. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow041
LIXA, A. T.; CAMPOS, J. M.; RESENDE, A. L. S.; SILVA, J. C.; ALMEIDA, M. M. T. B.; AGUIAR-MENEZES, E. L. Diversidade de Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) em plantas aromáticas (Apiaceae) como sítios de sobrevivência e reprodução em sistema agroecológico. Neotropical Entomology, Londrina, v. 39, n. 3, p. 354-359, 2010.
MADAIL, J. O cultivo do pessegueiro no Rio Grande do Sul. In: RASEIRA, M. C. B.; PEREIRA, J. F. M.; CARVALHO, F. L. C. (Ed.). Pessegueiro. Brasília: EMBRAPA, 2014. cap. 22, p. 615-624.
MEDINA, P.; BUDIA, F.; DEL ESTAL, P.; ADÁN, A.; VIÑUELA, E. Side effects of six insecticides on different developmental stages of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, Gent, v. 26, n. 5, p. 33-40, 2003.
MINISTÉRIO DA AGRICULTURA, PECUÁRIA E ABASTECIMENTO - MAPA. AGROFIT. Sistema de inseticidas fitossanitários. 2018. Disponível em: http://agrofit.agricultura.gov.br/agrofit_cons/principal_ agrofit_cons. Acesso em: 15 fev. 2018.
NÖRNBERG, S. D.; GRÜTZMACHER, A. D.; NAVA, D. E.; VALGAS, R. A.; OZELAME, A. L. Residual effects of pesticides in peach orchards on the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Jaboticabal, v. 38, n. 3, p. 1-8, 2016. DOI: 10.1590/0100-29452016017
PASINI, R. A.; GRÜTZMACHER, A. D.; PAZINI, J. B.; ARMAS, F. S. de; BUENO, F. A.; PIRES, S. N. Side effects of inseticides used in wheat crop on eggs and pupae of Chrysoperla externa and Eriopis connexa. Phytoparasitica, Dordrecht, v. 46, n. 1, p. 115-125, 2018. DOI: 10.1007/s12600-018-0639-9
PÜNTENER, W. Manual for field trials in plant protection. 2th ed. Basle: Ciba-Geigy, 1981. 205 p.
REDDY, P. P. Selective pesticides in IPM. In: REDDY, P. P. (Ed.). Sustainable crop protection under protected cultivation. Singapore: Springer, 2016. p. 121-131.
RIMOLDI, A. F.; FOGEL, B. M. N.; RONCO, A. E.; SCHNEIDER, M. I. Comparative susceptibility of two Neotropical predators, Eriopis connexa and Chrysoperla externa, to acetamiprid and pyriproxyfen: short and long-term effects after egg exposure. Environmental Pollution, Rensselaer, v. 231, n. 1, p. 1042-1050, 2017. DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.097
RUGNO, G. R.; ZANARDI, O. Z.; YAMAMOTO, P. T. Are the pupae and eggs of the lacewing Ceraeochrysa cubana (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) tolerant to insecticides? Journal of Economic Entomology, Annapolis, v. 108, n. 6, p. 2630-2639, 2015. DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov263
SATTELLE, D.; CORDOVA, D.; CHEEK, T. Insect ryanodine receptors: molecular targets for novel pest control chemicals. Invertebrate Neuroscience, Southampton, v. 8, n. 3, p. 107-119, 2008. DOI: 10.1007/s10158-008-0076-4
SILVA, D. M.; BUENO, A. F. Toxicity of organic supplies for the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, v. 44, n. 1, p. 11-17, 2014. DOI: 10.1590/S0103-84782014000100003
SILVA, D. M.; BUENO, A. F.; ANDRADE, K.; STECCA, C. S.; NEVES, P. M. O. J.; MOSCARDI, F. Selectivity of organic compounds to the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Plastygastridae). Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Londrina, v. 37, n. 1, p. 55-66, 2016. DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p55
SILVA, F. A. S.; AZEVEDO, C. A. V. The assistat software version 7.7 and its use in the analysis of experimental data. African Journal of Agricultural Research, Nairobi, v. 11, n. 39, p. 3733-3740, 2016. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2016.11522
SILVA, R. A.; REIS, P. R.; CARVALHO, C. F.; SOUZA, B. Capacidade predatória de Chrysoperla externa (Hagen, 1861) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) sobre Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes, 1939) (Acari: Tenuipalpidae). Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 1, n. 1, p. 50-54, 2006.
SILVA, R. B.; ZANUNCIO, J. C.; SERRÃO, J. E.; LIMA, E. R.; FIGUEIREDO, M. L. C.; CRUZ, I. Suitability of different artificial diets for development and survival of stages of the predaceous ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa. Phytoparasitica, Bet Dagan, v. 37, n. 2, p. 115-123, 2009. DOI 10.1007/s12600-008-0015-2
VILELA, M.; CARVALHO, G. A.; CARVALHO, C. F.; BOAS, M. A. V. Effects of acaricides used in coffee crops on the eggs and subsequent stages of green lacewing. Coffee Science, Lavras, v. 5, n. 1, p. 10-16, 2010.
VOGT, H.; BIGLER, F.; BROWN, K.; CANDOLFI, M. P.; KEMMETER, F.; KÜHNER, C.; MOLL, M.; TRAVIS, A.; UFER, A.; VIÑUELA, E.; WLADBURGER, M.; WALTERSDORFER, A. Laboratory method to test effects of plant protection products on larvae of Chrysoperla carnea (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In: CANDOLFI, M. P.; BLUMEL, S.; FORSTER, R.; BAKKER, F. M.; GRIMM, C.; HASSAN S. A.; HEIMBACH, U.; MEAD-BRIGGS, M. A.; REBER, B.; SCHMUCK, R.; VOGT, H. (Ed.). Guidelines to evaluate side-effects of plant protection products to non-target arthropods. Reinheim: IOBC/ WPRS, 2000. p. 27-44.
VOGT, H.; RUMPF, S.; WETZEL, C.; HASSAN, S. A. A field method for testing effects of pesticides on the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Steph. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, Gent, v. 15, n. 1, p. 176-182, 1992.
ZANUNCIO, J. C.; MOURÃO, S. A.; MARTÍNEZ, L. C.; WILCKEN, C. F.; RAMALHO, F. S.; PLATA-RUEDA, A.; SOARES, M. A.; SERRÃO, J. E. Toxic effects of the neem oil (Azadirachta indica) formulation on the stink bug predator, Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Scientific Reports, London, v. 6, n. 1, p. 1-8, 2016.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Semina: Ciências Agrárias
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Semina: Ciências Agrárias adopts the CC-BY-NC license for its publications, the copyright being held by the author, in cases of republication we recommend that authors indicate first publication in this journal.
This license allows you to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, remix, transform and develop the material, as long as it is not for commercial purposes. And due credit must be given to the creator.
The opinions expressed by the authors of the articles are their sole responsibility.
The magazine reserves the right to make normative, orthographic and grammatical changes to the originals in order to maintain the cultured standard of the language and the credibility of the vehicle. However, it will respect the writing style of the authors. Changes, corrections or suggestions of a conceptual nature will be sent to the authors when necessary.
