In this article, we seek to analyze the influence of Ernesto Guevara’s thoughts on the history of sport in Cuba between the 1960s and 1970s. To this end, we carried out an investigation based on publications from the Cuban press and documents from the United States government. Through investigation with sources, we carried out a series of analyses and discoveries that cover Guevara’s sporting life, Guevara’s actions and appearances within Cuban sport, the connections between Guevaraism and public policies of sport in Cuba, and, finally, the incidence of Guevaraism on episodes and incidents involving the presence of Cuban athletes abroad.