Astrojildo Pereira is known as the main organizer of the founding of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB), in 1922. Having held the position of General Secretary of the PCB throughout the 1920s, he even made up the Executive Committee of the Communist International (CE- IC) from the VI Congress in 1928. However, shortly afterwards, with the tactical turn of the world communist movement, Astrojildo suffered a political persecution within the PCB cadres. Removed from the position of General Secretary, he was sent to lead the Party in the city of São Paulo, where the communist movement accumulated a history of conflicts with the Central Committee of the PCB and chronic difficulty in expanding. There, Astrojildo Pereira fulfilled the role of organizer and propagandist of communism, having founded Socorro Vermelho de São Paulo and published in the newspapers O Homem do Povo and O Tempo. However, the policy carried out by the former General Secretary was at odds with the PCB’s line, leading to Astrojildo’s “purification” from the communist ranks. Little studied in detail by historiography, the analysis of this period that should have been the “political rehabilitation” of Astrojildo Pereira in the PCB will be our object of study here.