Viability of Brazilian distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1159Keywords:
Carcass Quality, DDGS, Meat Quality, Performance.Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance, carcass, meat and economic viability characteristics of pigs fed Brazilian coproducts of corn ethanol production. A total of 40 finishing pigs were subjected to four levels of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; 0, 100, 200, or 300 g kg-1) for 28 days, and body weight, daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion were measured. After slaughter, the carcass yield, fat thickness, loin eye area, the depth and perimeter of the loin eye, and the pH and temperature at 45 min and 24 h post-mortem, along with the drip loss and color of the Longissimus lumborum were evaluated. The economic viability of the diets was calculated. The inclusion of DDGS showed a quadratic effect on daily feed intake over 0-14 days. Pigs fed with 300 g kg -1 of DDGS showed worse feed conversion than those fed the control diet over 0-7, 0-14 and 0-21 days. The a* color parameter of the meat decreased linearly with increasing DDGS concentration but the other carcass and meat characteristics were not affected. Inclusion of 184.1 g kg -1 of DDGS showed the best economic viability, considering the cost of weight gain. DDGS may be included in pig diets up to 200 g kg -1 without affecting the performance or carcass and meat characteristics, while 300 g kg -1 compromises feed conversion.References
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Agyekum, A.K. & Nyachoti, C.M. (2017). Nutritional and metabolic consequences of feeding high-fiber diets to swine: a review. Engineering, 3(5), 716–725. doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.010
Bellaver, C., Fialho, E.T., Protas, J.F.S., & Gomes, P.C. (1985). Radícula de malte na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 20(8), 969-974.
Cerisuelo, A., Moset, V., Bonet, J., Coma, J., & Lainez, M. (2012). Effects of inclusion of sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for growing and finishing pigs. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(4), 1016-1024. doi: 10.5424/sjar/2012104-520-11
Corassa, A., Lautert, I.P.A.S., Pina, D.S., Kiefer, C., Ton, A.P.S., Komiyama, C.M., Amorim, A.B., & Teixeira, A.O. (2017). Nutritional value of Brazilian distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs as determined by diferente methods. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(9), 740-746. doi: 10.1590/S1806-92902017000900005
Corassa, A., Lautert, I.P.A., Silva, L.L., & Souza, C. (2018). Uso de DDGS de milho para suínos: uma breve revisão. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 17(2), 157-164. doi:
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Fialho, E.T., Barbosa, O., Ferreira, A.S., Gomes, P.C., & Girotto, A.F. (1992). Utilização da cevada suplementada com óleo de soja para suínos em crescimento e terminação. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 27(10), 67-1475.
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Graham, A.B., Goodband, R.D., Tokach, M.D., Dritz, S.S., Derouchey, J.M., & Nitikanchana, S. (2014)b. The effects of low-, medium-, and high-oil distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fat quality in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 92(8), 3610–3623. doi:10.2527/jas2014-7678
Hilbrands, A.M., Johnston, L.J., McClelland, K.M., Cox, R.B., Baidoo, S.K., Souza, L.W.O., & Shurson, G.C. (2013). Effects of abrupt introduction and removal of high and low digestibility corn distillers dried grains with solubles from the diet on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91(1), 248–258. doi:10.2527/jas2012-5162
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Instituto Matogrossense de Economia Agropecuária. IMEA. (2017). Retrieved from: http://www.imea.com.br/imea-site/indicadores. Acessed: 05/17/17.
Jacela, J.Y., Derouchey, J.M., Dritz, S.S., Tokach, M.D., Goodband, R.D., Nelssen, J.L., Sulabo, R.C., Thaler, R.C., Brandts, L., Little, D.E., & Prusa, K.J. (2011). Amino acid digestibility and energy content of deoiled (solvent-extracted) corn distillers dried grains with solubles for swine and effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 89(6), 1817–1829. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3097
Lammers, P.J., Kerr, B.J., & Honeyman, M.S. (2015). Biofuel co-products as swine feed ingredients: Combining corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and crude glycerin. Animal Feed Science Technology, 201, 110–114. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.12.013
Lee, J.W., Mckeith, F.K., & Stein, H.H. (2012). Up to 30% corn germ may be included in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs without affecting pig growth performance, carcass composition, or pork fat quality. Journal of Animal Science, 90(13), 4933-4942. doi:10.2527/jas2012-5129
Lee, S.D., Jung, H.J., Cho, K.H., Park, J.C., Kim, I.C., Seong, P.N., & Song, Y.M. (2011). Effects of corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles and enzyme premix supplements on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs. Animal Science Journal, 82(3), 461–467. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00848.x
McClelland, K.M., Rentfrow, G., Cromwell, G.L., Lindemann, M.D., & Azain, M.J. (2012). Effects of corn distillers dried grains with solubles on quality traits of pork. Journal of Animal Science, 90(11), 4148–4156. doi:10.2527/jas2011-4779
Nutritional Requirements Council. NRC. (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev. ed. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press.
Pompeu, D., Weigand, B.R., Evans, H.L., Rickard, J.W., Gerlemann, G.D., Hinson, R.B., Carr, S.N., Ritter, M.J., Boyd, M.J., Boyd, R.D., & Allee, G.L. (2013). Effect of corn dried distillers grains with solubles, conjugated linoleic acid, and ractopamine (Paylean) on growth performance and fat characteristics of late finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91(2), 793–803. doi:10.2527/jas2012-5257
Santos, L.S., Caldara, F.R., Santos, R.K.S., Naas, I.A., Foppa, L., Garcia, R.G., & Paz, I.C.L.A. (2014). Comparison of methodologies for assessment of pork loin eye área. Boletim da Indústria Animal, 71(3), 211-216. doi:10.17523/bia.v71n3p211
Urriola, P.E., & Stein, H.H. (2010). Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid, energy, and fiber digestibility and on hindgut fermentation of dietary fiber in a corn-soybean meal diet fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 88(4), 1454–62. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2162
Wang, H., Wang, L., Shi, B., & Shan, A. (2012). Effects of dietary corn dried distillers grains with solubles and vitamin E on growth performance, meat quality, fatty acid profiles, and pork shelf life of finishing pigs. Livestock Science, 149(1-2), 155–166. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.07.009
Wu, F., Johnston, L.J., Urriola, P.E., Hilbrands, A.M., & Shurson, G.C. (2016). Effects of feeding diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles and wheat middlings with equal predicted dietary net energy on growth performance and carcass composition of growing–finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 94(1), 144–154. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9592
Ying, W., Tokach, M.D., Derouchey, J.M., Houser, T.E., Dritz, S.S., Goodband, R.D., & Nelssem, J.L. (2013). Effects of dietary L-carnitine and dried distillers grains with solubles on growth, carcass characteristics, and loin and fat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91(7), 3211-3219. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5606
Adeola, O. & Ragland, D. (2016). Comparative ileal amino acid digestibility of distillers' grains for growing pigs. Animal Nutrition, 2(4), 262-266. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.07.008
Agyekum, A.K. & Nyachoti, C.M. (2017). Nutritional and metabolic consequences of feeding high-fiber diets to swine: a review. Engineering, 3(5), 716–725. doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.03.010
Bellaver, C., Fialho, E.T., Protas, J.F.S., & Gomes, P.C. (1985). Radícula de malte na alimentação de suínos em crescimento e terminação. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 20(8), 969-974.
Cerisuelo, A., Moset, V., Bonet, J., Coma, J., & Lainez, M. (2012). Effects of inclusion of sorghum distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets for growing and finishing pigs. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 10(4), 1016-1024. doi: 10.5424/sjar/2012104-520-11
Corassa, A., Lautert, I.P.A.S., Pina, D.S., Kiefer, C., Ton, A.P.S., Komiyama, C.M., Amorim, A.B., & Teixeira, A.O. (2017). Nutritional value of Brazilian distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs as determined by diferente methods. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(9), 740-746. doi: 10.1590/S1806-92902017000900005
Corassa, A., Lautert, I.P.A., Silva, L.L., & Souza, C. (2018). Uso de DDGS de milho para suínos: uma breve revisão. Scientia Agraria Paranaensis, 17(2), 157-164. doi:
Cromwell, G.L., Azain, M.J., Adeola, O., Baidoo, S.K., Carter, S.D., Crenshaw, T.D., Kim, S.W., Mahan, D.C., Miller, P.S., & Shannon, M.C. (2011). Corn distillers dried grains with solubles in diets for growing-finishing pigs: A cooperative study. Journal of Animal Science, 89(9), 2801–2811. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3704
Fialho, E.T., Barbosa, O., Ferreira, A.S., Gomes, P.C., & Girotto, A.F. (1992). Utilização da cevada suplementada com óleo de soja para suínos em crescimento e terminação. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 27(10), 67-1475.
Graham, A.B., Goodband, R.D., Tokach, M.D., Dritz, S.S., Derouchey, J.M., Nitikanchana, S., & Updike, J.J. (2014)a. The effects of medium-oil distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass traits, and nutrient digestibility in growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 92(2), 604–611. doi: 10.2527/jas2013-6798
Graham, A.B., Goodband, R.D., Tokach, M.D., Dritz, S.S., Derouchey, J.M., & Nitikanchana, S. (2014)b. The effects of low-, medium-, and high-oil distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fat quality in finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 92(8), 3610–3623. doi:10.2527/jas2014-7678
Hilbrands, A.M., Johnston, L.J., McClelland, K.M., Cox, R.B., Baidoo, S.K., Souza, L.W.O., & Shurson, G.C. (2013). Effects of abrupt introduction and removal of high and low digestibility corn distillers dried grains with solubles from the diet on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91(1), 248–258. doi:10.2527/jas2012-5162
Honikel, K.O. (1998). Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Science, 49(4), 447-457.
Instituto Matogrossense de Economia Agropecuária. IMEA. (2017). Retrieved from: http://www.imea.com.br/imea-site/indicadores. Acessed: 05/17/17.
Jacela, J.Y., Derouchey, J.M., Dritz, S.S., Tokach, M.D., Goodband, R.D., Nelssen, J.L., Sulabo, R.C., Thaler, R.C., Brandts, L., Little, D.E., & Prusa, K.J. (2011). Amino acid digestibility and energy content of deoiled (solvent-extracted) corn distillers dried grains with solubles for swine and effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Journal of Animal Science, 89(6), 1817–1829. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-3097
Lammers, P.J., Kerr, B.J., & Honeyman, M.S. (2015). Biofuel co-products as swine feed ingredients: Combining corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) and crude glycerin. Animal Feed Science Technology, 201, 110–114. doi: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2014.12.013
Lee, J.W., Mckeith, F.K., & Stein, H.H. (2012). Up to 30% corn germ may be included in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs without affecting pig growth performance, carcass composition, or pork fat quality. Journal of Animal Science, 90(13), 4933-4942. doi:10.2527/jas2012-5129
Lee, S.D., Jung, H.J., Cho, K.H., Park, J.C., Kim, I.C., Seong, P.N., & Song, Y.M. (2011). Effects of corn dried distiller’s grains with solubles and enzyme premix supplements on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters in finishing pigs. Animal Science Journal, 82(3), 461–467. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00848.x
McClelland, K.M., Rentfrow, G., Cromwell, G.L., Lindemann, M.D., & Azain, M.J. (2012). Effects of corn distillers dried grains with solubles on quality traits of pork. Journal of Animal Science, 90(11), 4148–4156. doi:10.2527/jas2011-4779
Nutritional Requirements Council. NRC. (2012). Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev. ed. Washington, DC: Natl. Acad. Press.
Pompeu, D., Weigand, B.R., Evans, H.L., Rickard, J.W., Gerlemann, G.D., Hinson, R.B., Carr, S.N., Ritter, M.J., Boyd, M.J., Boyd, R.D., & Allee, G.L. (2013). Effect of corn dried distillers grains with solubles, conjugated linoleic acid, and ractopamine (Paylean) on growth performance and fat characteristics of late finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91(2), 793–803. doi:10.2527/jas2012-5257
Santos, L.S., Caldara, F.R., Santos, R.K.S., Naas, I.A., Foppa, L., Garcia, R.G., & Paz, I.C.L.A. (2014). Comparison of methodologies for assessment of pork loin eye área. Boletim da Indústria Animal, 71(3), 211-216. doi:10.17523/bia.v71n3p211
Urriola, P.E., & Stein, H.H. (2010). Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on amino acid, energy, and fiber digestibility and on hindgut fermentation of dietary fiber in a corn-soybean meal diet fed to growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 88(4), 1454–62. doi: 10.2527/jas.2009-2162
Wang, H., Wang, L., Shi, B., & Shan, A. (2012). Effects of dietary corn dried distillers grains with solubles and vitamin E on growth performance, meat quality, fatty acid profiles, and pork shelf life of finishing pigs. Livestock Science, 149(1-2), 155–166. doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.07.009
Wu, F., Johnston, L.J., Urriola, P.E., Hilbrands, A.M., & Shurson, G.C. (2016). Effects of feeding diets containing distillers dried grains with solubles and wheat middlings with equal predicted dietary net energy on growth performance and carcass composition of growing–finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 94(1), 144–154. doi:10.2527/jas2015-9592
Ying, W., Tokach, M.D., Derouchey, J.M., Houser, T.E., Dritz, S.S., Goodband, R.D., & Nelssem, J.L. (2013). Effects of dietary L-carnitine and dried distillers grains with solubles on growth, carcass characteristics, and loin and fat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science, 91(7), 3211-3219. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5606
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2021-03-19
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Corassa, A., Lautert, I. P. A. S., Ton, A. P. S., Kiefer, C., Brito, C. O., Sbardella, M., & Souza, H. C. (2021). Viability of Brazilian distillers dried grains with solubles for pigs. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 42(3), 1159–1174. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n3p1159
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