Sowing date and relative maturity groups of soybean cultivars grown in lowland soils Cultivars
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2025v46n4p1261Keywords:
Glycine max, Crop rotation, Carcass yield.Abstract
Soybean cultivation has expanded considerably in the southern half of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, where irrigated rice has traditionally been grown. However, these lowland soils exhibit low hydraulic conductivity and subsurface compaction, presenting challenges for root development. Therefore, understanding genotype-environment interactions is crucial to achieving high yields. Thus, the present study evaluated the effect of sowing date on the yield of soybean cultivars with different relative maturity groups in lowland areas. The study was conducted during the 2018/19 and 2019/20 crop seasons, in the experimental floodplain teaching field of the Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente do Sul. Three sowing dates and several cultivars were tested in a randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates. Plant height, number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 1,000-grain weight, and yield were measured. Analysis of variance showed that sowing date significantly affected yield and other variables analyzed in both seasons. Soybean performance in lowland soils is strongly influenced by sowing date and water availability. In crop seasons with excess water, early sowing (late October to November) was more productive, and mid- or late-season cultivars are recommended. By contrast, under water deficit, late sowing favored higher yields. The cultivars BMX Delta, BMX Garra, and BMX Ícone demonstrated good adaptation to excess-water conditions, while BMX Garra, HO Pirapó, DM 66i68, and NS 6601 excelled under water deficit, demonstrating high yield potential and adaptability to late sowing. Agronomic traits such as plant height, thousand-grain weight, and number of pods and grains per plant were significantly affected by sowing date and seasonal weather conditions.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Eduardo Anibele Streck, Mauro Silveira da Silveira, Camila Bisognin Meneghetti, Felipe Tascheto Bolzan, Kellen da Silveira Freitas, Ana Caroline Garbin, Otávio Diesel Köhler, Rafael Tobias Lang Fronza, Weliton de Almeida Lansana, Ivan Carlos Maldaner
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