Triggers for blood transfusion

Abstract

Anemia is an important condition that is found in the internal medicine, either in humans and animals, especially in critically ill patients. The clinical signs of anemia are usually related to a poor tissue oxygenation or the compensatory mechanisms associated with it. Blood transfusion aims to prevent hypoxic damage in critically ill patients. However, once the blood transfusion is associated to some risks, it should just be done if really necessary. Several factors influence blood transfusion decision. The aim of this study was to review the major studies about transfusion triggers. Among laboratory tests, the hemoglobin (Hb) is the main trigger but it depends on patient age and concomitant disease. In addition, electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum lactate with Hb can help to decide when to transfuse.