Soft Spaces as Governance Modes beyond Physical and Political-Administrative Boundaries: examples in Brazil and in Switzerland
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2021v30n1p9Keywords:
Soft space, Participation, Boundary.Abstract
Nowadays, spaces for democratic participation are often created to resolve collective problems. They represent the re-articulation of sectoral logic and the redefinition of territorial perimeters for decision making, going beyond traditional physical or political-administrative boundaries. Such a phenomenon, known in English and French literature as "soft spaces" and "espaces fonctionnels", respectively, needs to be conceptualized in Portuguese. This research aimed to discuss the concept of functional space, as well as to present examples of its application. To this end, a bibliographical review of the term was carried out in English and French papers. It was possible to present examples of functional spaces containing fuzzy boundaries in the territorial and environmental planning area in river basins of Brazil and Switzerland.Downloads
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References
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TELLE, S. Euroregions as soft spaces: between consolidation and transformation. European spatial research and policy, v. 24, n. 2, p. 93-110, 2017.
THOMAS, K.; LITTLEWOOD, S. From Green Belts to Green Infrastructure? The Evolution of a New Concept in the Emerging Soft Governance of Spatial Strategies, Planning, Practice and Research, London, v. 25, n. 2, p. 203-222, 2010.
TORRES, N.R. Planejamento numa sociedade em rede: práticas de planejamento colaborativo no Brasil. Cadernos Metrópole, São Paulo, v. 11, n. 22, p. 571-591, 2009.
UTZ, C.; CLIVAZ, M.; REYNARD, E. Processus participatifs et projets d'aménagement des cours d'eau. Analyse de l'implication des acteurs dans la planification du projet de 3ème correction du Rhône suisse entre 2000 et 2015. Géocarrefour, v. 91, n. 4, p. 1-20, 2017.
ALLMENDINGER, P.; HAUGHTON, G. Soft spaces, fuzzy boundaries and metagovernance: the new spatial planning in the Thames Gateway. Environment & Planning, Thousand Oaks, v. 41, n.3, p. 617-633, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1068/a40208
ALLMENDINGER, P.; HAUGHTON, G.; KNIELING, J.; OTHENGRAFEN, F. Soft spaces in Europe: re-negotiating governance, boundaries and borders. New York: Routledge, 2015.
ARRETCHE, M. Democracia, federalismo e centralização no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro: FGV/Fiocruz, 2012.
BALSIGER, J.; MENZEL, S. Auf dem Weg zu einer integrierteren Wasserpolitik in der Schweiz: Kantonale Koordinationsformen und - mechanismen. Teilbericht zum Arbeitspaket 2.1 des Projekts, 2012.
BIALASIEWICZ, L.; ELDEN, S.; PAINTER, J. The Constitution of EU Territory. Comparative European Politics, Claverton Down, 3, p. 345-46, 2005.
BLOMQUIST, W.; SCHLAGER, E. Political Pitfalls of Integrated Watershed Management. Society & Natural Resources, v. 18, p. 101-117, 2005.
BUCHS, A. Integrated water resources management as a compromise: renewing the water act in the canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. In: BRETHAUD, C.; SCHWEIZER, R. (Org.) A critical approach to international water management trends: policy and practice. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, p. 45-69.
COMITE DE DIRECTION DU PNR 61. Gestion durable de l'eau en Suisse: le PNR 61 montre les voies à suivre pour l'avenir. Synthèse globale dans le cadre du Programme national de recherche "Gestion durable de l'eau". Berne: PNR 61, 2015.
CONSÓRCIO PCJ. 2018. Disponível em: https://agua.org.br/. Acesso em: 30 abril 2019.
DARDANELLI, P. Federal democracy in Switzerland. Routledge Series in
Federal Studies. London: Routledge, 2010.
DURKHEIM, E. De la division du travail social. 8. ed. Collection: Bibliothèque de philosophie contemporaine. Paris: Les Presses universitaires de France, 1967. Disponível em: http://classiques.uqac.ca/classiques/Durkheim_emile/division_du_travail/division_travail_1.pdf. Acesso em: 29 abril 2019.
EMPINOTTI, V. L.; BUDDS, J.; AVERSA, M. Governance and water security: The role of the water institutional framework in the 2013-15 water crisis in São Paulo, Brazil. Geoforum, Amsterdam, v. 98, p. 46-54, 2019.
EMPINOTTI, V. L.; GONTIJO, W. C.; OLIVEIRA; V. E. Federalism, water, and (de)centralization in Brazil: the case of the São Francisco River water diversion. Regional Environmental Change, v. 18, n. 6, p. 1655-1666, 2018.
FREY, K. Governança urbana e participação pública. RAC-Eletrônica, v. 1, n. 1, p. 136-150, 2007. Disponível em: http://www.anpad.org.br/rac-e. Acesso em: 30 abril 2019.
GHIOTTI S. Les territoires de l'eau: gestion et développement en France, Paris: Editions du CNRS, 2007.
GOMIDES, J.E.; SILVA, A.C. O surgimento da expressão "governance", governança e governança ambiental: um resgate teórico. São Paulo: Instituto de Pesquisas Aplicadas e Desenvolvimento Educacional (IPADE), 2010.
GRAEFE, O. The river basin as a territorial water management unit: towards post-political water management. In: FASSETA, G. A.; MASSON, E.; REYNARD, E. (Org.). European continental hydrosystems under changing water policy. München: Pfeil, 2013.
GUERRIN, J.; BOULEAU, G.; GRELOT, F. Functional fit versus politics of scale in the governance of floodplain retention capacity. Journal of Hydrology, Amsterdam, p. 2405-2414, 2014.
HAXHIJA, S. An institutional and cultural perspective on 'soft' spaces of cooperation: Findings from a transboundary Dutch-German cooperation network. (Dissertação de Mestrado). Radboud University, Nimega, 2018.
HILL, M. Climate change and water governance adaptive capacity in Chile and Switzerland. Geneva: Springer, 2013.
INTERREG EUROPE. What is Interreg Europe? 2019. Disponível em: https://www.interregeurope.eu/about-us/what-is-interreg-europe/. Acesso em 30 abril 2019.
MILANO, M., REYNARD, E., MIRANDA, G. M., GUERRIN, J. Water supply basins of São Paulo Metropolitan Region: hydro-climatic characteristics of the 2013-2015 water crisis. Water, Basel, v. 10, n. 1, p. 1-19, 2018.
MIRANDA, G.M. Gestion intégrée des ressources eau dans les pays fédéraux: les cas suisse et brésilien. 2017. 309f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia). (Géovisions n°46). Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, 2017.
MIRANDA, G.M. Integração da gestão de recursos hídricos: caso da bacia hidrográfica Mèbre-Sorge, cantão de Vaud, Suíça. Revista de Gestão de Água da América Latina, Porto Alegre, v. 10, n. 2, p. 5-12, 2013.
NAHRATH, S.; VARONE, F.; GERBER, J. Les espaces fonctionnels: nouveau référentiel de la gestion durable des ressources? VertigO - la revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement, Montréal, v. 9, n.1, p. 1-14, 2009. Disponível em: https://vertigo.revues.org/8510. Acesso em 28 abril 2016.
OECD. Governança dos recursos hídricos no Brasil. Paris: OECD Publishing, 2015. Disponível em: http://www.inea.rj.gov.br/cs/groups/public/documents/document/zwew/mtew/~e disp/inea0110761.pdf. Acesso em 28 abril 2016.
SCHEUCHZER P. et al. IWAGO: Integrated Water Governance With Adaptive Capacity in Switzerland. Zürich, Dübendorf: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Eawag, 2012.
SCHMID, F. et al. Gouvernance durable de l'eau: enjeux et voies pour l'avenir: syntèse thématique 4 dans le cadre du Programme national de recherche PNR 61 "gestion durable de l'eau". Berne: Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique, 2014.
TELLE, S. Euroregions as soft spaces: between consolidation and transformation. European spatial research and policy, v. 24, n. 2, p. 93-110, 2017.
THOMAS, K.; LITTLEWOOD, S. From Green Belts to Green Infrastructure? The Evolution of a New Concept in the Emerging Soft Governance of Spatial Strategies, Planning, Practice and Research, London, v. 25, n. 2, p. 203-222, 2010.
TORRES, N.R. Planejamento numa sociedade em rede: práticas de planejamento colaborativo no Brasil. Cadernos Metrópole, São Paulo, v. 11, n. 22, p. 571-591, 2009.
UTZ, C.; CLIVAZ, M.; REYNARD, E. Processus participatifs et projets d'aménagement des cours d'eau. Analyse de l'implication des acteurs dans la planification du projet de 3ème correction du Rhône suisse entre 2000 et 2015. Géocarrefour, v. 91, n. 4, p. 1-20, 2017.
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2020-12-30
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Miranda, G. M. (2020). Soft Spaces as Governance Modes beyond Physical and Political-Administrative Boundaries: examples in Brazil and in Switzerland. Geografia (Londrina), 30(1), 9–22. https://doi.org/10.5433/2447-1747.2021v30n1p9
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