The current article aims to characterize physical aspects that constitute the landscape of Pirapó river basin, whose area is located mostly in Central North region of Paraná and shows in its territorial domains a combination of natural elements, which highlights the fertile soils of "red earth" originated from the decomposition of basalt, plateau reliefs where low slopes are predominant and they range from flat to slightly wavy and tropical/subtropical transitional climate influenced by its altimetry and latitude characteristics. These climatic, soil and geomorphological characteristics, associated with their geographical location of proximity to large economic centers, definitely contributed to the success in the settlement process based on an enterprising model of private colonization stimulated by coffee expansion of São Paulo towards north of Paraná, turning it into one of the most promising economic regions of the country, which left the marks of environmental degradation shaped in its territory.