Evidence of content validity for a measure of mindfulness
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2236-6407.2018v9n3p102Keywords:
psychological tests, mindfulness, positive psychologyAbstract
Mindfulness is a quality of awareness that arises by paying attention, intentionally and with a non-judgmental stance, to the experiences that arise in the present moment. This study aimed to investigate the relevance of the items for assessing mindfulness in relation to the conceptual model and to analyse items’ transparency for the target-population. Items were submitted to expert (N=3) and semantic (N=16) analyses. Agreements between pairs of experts were assessed through the concordance index (CI) and kappa coefficient. Data from semantic analysis received qualitative treatment. Items that received CI lower than 50% were excluded. After this exclusion, the 145 items that remained presented moderated general agreement between experts (k=.51, p<.05) and satisfactory concordance index (75%). We conclude that the comprehension of the components of mindfulness is divergent among specialists. However, the retained items seem to represent adequately their correspondent construct and to be understandable for the target-population, suggesting content validity evidences for the scale.References
Alves, I. C. B., Dias, A. R., Sardinha, L.S., & Conti, F. D. (2010). Precisão entre juízes na avaliação dos aspectos formais do teste de Wartegg. Alethéia, 31, 54-65. Recuperado de http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/aletheia/n31/n31a06.pdf.
Baars, B., J. (1997). Some essential differences between consciousness and attention, perception, and working memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 6(2), 363–371. doi:10.1006/ccog.1997.0307
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191-206. doi:10.1177/1073191104268029
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. doi:10.1177/1073191105283504
Bergomi, C. Tschacher, W., & Kupper, Z. (2013). The assessment of mindfulness with self- report measures: Existing scales and open issues. Mindfulness, 4(3), 191-202. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0110-9
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M. A., Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J. & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology, 11, 230–241. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-48. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R., M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237. doi:10.1080/10478400701598298
Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204-223. doi:10.1177/1073191107311467
Cicchetti, D., Ganiban, J., & Barnett, D. (1991). Contributions from the study of high-risk populations to understanding the development of emotion regulation. In J. Garber, & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 15-48). New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkanz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S., … Sheridan, J. F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic medicine, 65(4), 564-570.
Feldman, G., Hayes, A., & Kumar, S. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 177-190. doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9035-8
Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi:10.1037/a0018441.
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychometric Research, 57, 35-43. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7
Grossman, P., & Van Dam, N., T. (2011). Mindfulness, by any other name trials and tribulations of sati in western psychology and science'. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 219-239. doi:10.1080/14639947.2011.564841
Hart, R., Ivtzan, R. H. I., & Hart, D. (2013). Mind the gap in mindfulness research: A comparative account of the leading schools of thought. Review of General Psychology, 17(4), 453–466. doi:10.1037/a0035212453
Hirayama, M. S. (2014). Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory: Adaptação cultural e validação para a língua portuguesa no Brasil (Tese de Doutorado). Universidade de Campinas. São Paulo. Brasil. Recuperado de: http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=000936261
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, NY: Delta.
Kristeller, J. L., & Wolever, R. Q. (2011). Mindfulness-based eating awareness training for treating binge eating disorder: The conceptual foundation. Eating Disorders, 19(1), 49-61. doi:10.1080/10640266.2011.533605
Landis, J. R, & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159-174. doi:10.2307/2529310
Langer, E. J. (2014). Mindfulness forward and back. In Le, A., Christelle, T. N., & Langer, E. J. (Eds.). Handbook of Mindfulness (pp. 7- 20). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch1.
Langer, E. J., & Moldoveanu, M. (2000). The construct of mindfulness. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 1-9. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00148
Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., & Carmody, J. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness scale: Development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445-1467. doi/10.1002/jclp.20326/pdf
Nakano, T. C., & Siqueira, L. G. G. (2012). Validade de conteúdo da Gifted Rating Scale (versão escolar) para a população brasileira. Avaliação Psicológica, 11(1), 123-140. Recuperado de http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/avp/v11n1/v11n1a12.pdf.
Pasquali, L. (2010). Instrumentação psicológica: Fundamentos e práticas. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed.
Pires, J. G., Nunes, M. F. O., Demarzo, M. M. P., & Nunes, C. H. S. S. (2015). Instrumentos para avaliar o construto mindfulness: Uma revisão. Avaliação Psicológica, 14(3), 329-338. doi:10.15689/ap.2015.1403.04
Tran U. S, Cebolla A, Glück T. M., Soler J., Garcia-Campayo J., & Von Moy, T. (2014). The serenity of the meditating mind: A cross-cultural psychometric study on a two-factor higher order structure of mindfulness, its effects, and mechanisms related to mental health among experienced meditators. PLoS One, 9(10), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110192
Viera, A. J., & Garrett, J. M. (2005). Understanding interobserver agreement: The Kappa statistic. Family Medicine, 37(5), 360-363. Recuperado de http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2005/May/Anthony360.pdf.
Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness: The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1543-1555. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.025.
Baars, B., J. (1997). Some essential differences between consciousness and attention, perception, and working memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 6(2), 363–371. doi:10.1006/ccog.1997.0307
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., & Allen, K. B. (2004). Assessment of mindfulness by self-report: The Kentucky inventory of mindfulness skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191-206. doi:10.1177/1073191104268029
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27-45. doi:10.1177/1073191105283504
Bergomi, C. Tschacher, W., & Kupper, Z. (2013). The assessment of mindfulness with self- report measures: Existing scales and open issues. Mindfulness, 4(3), 191-202. doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0110-9
Bishop, S. R., Lau, M. A., Shapiro, S. L., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J. & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology, 11, 230–241. doi:10.1093/clipsy.bph077
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-48. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822
Brown, K. W., Ryan, R., M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211–237. doi:10.1080/10478400701598298
Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale. Assessment, 15(2), 204-223. doi:10.1177/1073191107311467
Cicchetti, D., Ganiban, J., & Barnett, D. (1991). Contributions from the study of high-risk populations to understanding the development of emotion regulation. In J. Garber, & K. A. Dodge (Eds.), The development of emotion regulation and dysregulation (pp. 15-48). New York, USA: Cambridge University Press.
Davidson, R. J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., Rosenkanz, M., Muller, D., Santorelli, S., … Sheridan, J. F. (2003). Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic medicine, 65(4), 564-570.
Feldman, G., Hayes, A., & Kumar, S. (2007). Mindfulness and emotion regulation: The development and initial validation of the cognitive and affective mindfulness scale-revised (CAMS-R). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 29(3), 177-190. doi:10.1007/s10862-006-9035-8
Goldin, P. R., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder. Emotion, 10(1), 83-91. doi:10.1037/a0018441.
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004). Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis. Journal of Psychometric Research, 57, 35-43. doi:10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00573-7
Grossman, P., & Van Dam, N., T. (2011). Mindfulness, by any other name trials and tribulations of sati in western psychology and science'. Contemporary Buddhism, 12(1), 219-239. doi:10.1080/14639947.2011.564841
Hart, R., Ivtzan, R. H. I., & Hart, D. (2013). Mind the gap in mindfulness research: A comparative account of the leading schools of thought. Review of General Psychology, 17(4), 453–466. doi:10.1037/a0035212453
Hirayama, M. S. (2014). Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory: Adaptação cultural e validação para a língua portuguesa no Brasil (Tese de Doutorado). Universidade de Campinas. São Paulo. Brasil. Recuperado de: http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=000936261
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1990). Full catastrophe living: Using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain, and illness. New York, NY: Delta.
Kristeller, J. L., & Wolever, R. Q. (2011). Mindfulness-based eating awareness training for treating binge eating disorder: The conceptual foundation. Eating Disorders, 19(1), 49-61. doi:10.1080/10640266.2011.533605
Landis, J. R, & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159-174. doi:10.2307/2529310
Langer, E. J. (2014). Mindfulness forward and back. In Le, A., Christelle, T. N., & Langer, E. J. (Eds.). Handbook of Mindfulness (pp. 7- 20). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781118294895.ch1.
Langer, E. J., & Moldoveanu, M. (2000). The construct of mindfulness. Journal of Social Issues, 56(1), 1-9. doi:10.1111/0022-4537.00148
Lau, M. A., Bishop, S. R., Segal, Z. V., Buis, T., Anderson, N. D., Carlson, L., & Carmody, J. (2006). The Toronto Mindfulness scale: Development and validation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62(12), 1445-1467. doi/10.1002/jclp.20326/pdf
Nakano, T. C., & Siqueira, L. G. G. (2012). Validade de conteúdo da Gifted Rating Scale (versão escolar) para a população brasileira. Avaliação Psicológica, 11(1), 123-140. Recuperado de http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/avp/v11n1/v11n1a12.pdf.
Pasquali, L. (2010). Instrumentação psicológica: Fundamentos e práticas. Porto Alegre, RS: Artmed.
Pires, J. G., Nunes, M. F. O., Demarzo, M. M. P., & Nunes, C. H. S. S. (2015). Instrumentos para avaliar o construto mindfulness: Uma revisão. Avaliação Psicológica, 14(3), 329-338. doi:10.15689/ap.2015.1403.04
Tran U. S, Cebolla A, Glück T. M., Soler J., Garcia-Campayo J., & Von Moy, T. (2014). The serenity of the meditating mind: A cross-cultural psychometric study on a two-factor higher order structure of mindfulness, its effects, and mechanisms related to mental health among experienced meditators. PLoS One, 9(10), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0110192
Viera, A. J., & Garrett, J. M. (2005). Understanding interobserver agreement: The Kappa statistic. Family Medicine, 37(5), 360-363. Recuperado de http://www.stfm.org/fmhub/fm2005/May/Anthony360.pdf.
Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness: The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40, 1543-1555. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.025.
Downloads
Published
2018-10-08
How to Cite
Pires, J. G., Nunes, C. H. S. da S., Nunes, M. F. de O., Bianchi, M. L., Kotzias, M. M., & Maesima, G. M. (2018). Evidence of content validity for a measure of mindfulness. Estudos Interdisciplinares Em Psicologia, 9(3), 102–122. https://doi.org/10.5433/2236-6407.2018v9n3p102
Issue
Section
Original Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Estudos Interdisciplinares em Psicologia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The Copyright of the published manuscripts belongs to the Journal. Since they are published in an open access Journal, they are freely available, for private use or for use for educational and non-commercial purposes.
The Journal has the right to make, in the original document, changes regarding linguistic norms, orthography, and grammar, with the purpose of ensuring the standard norms of the language and the credibility of the Journal. It will, however, respect the writing style of the authors.
When necessary, conceptual changes, corrections, or suggestions will be forwarded to the authors. In such cases, the manuscript shall be subjected to a new evaluation after revision.
Responsibility for the opinions expressed in the manuscripts lies entirely with the authors.
