Personal characteristics of entrepreneurs: clarifying concepts of recent literature (2010-2015)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/2236-6407.2018v9n3p58Keywords:
entrepreneurship, attitudes, personality traits, entrepreneurial profile, literature reviewAbstract
The study of entrepreneurs' personal characteristics has interdisciplinary influence. The diversity of contributions associates with literature's confusion and conceptual overlap. In this sense, the goal of the study was clarifying the concepts related to entrepreneurs' personal characteristics present in recent literature. Therefore, we analyzed six concepts used more than once in Portuguese and English articles retrieved through CAPES portal considering the publication period from 2010 to 2015. The results confirmed the theoretical and conceptual difficulties in the literature, specifically related to the constructs of entrepreneurial competencies, entrepreneur profile, entrepreneurial personality, entrepreneurial potential and entrepreneurial performance. Only the concept of entrepreneurial attitude is clearly distinguishable from the others. Thus, we suggest future studies involving other concepts about the phenomenon to improve the structure of knowledge about entrepreneurs' personal characteristics.Downloads
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References
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Brants, J., Oliveira, C., Casemiro, Í., Licório, A., & Reboli, R. (2015). Empreendedorismo acadêmico no curso de administração da UNIR. Revista Pretexto, 16(2), 59-74. doi:10.21714/pretexto.v16i2.2368
Braudel, F. (1982). Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century: The wheels of commerce (Vol. 2). Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
Choe, K. L., Loo, S. C., & Lau, T. C. (2013). Exploratory study on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and firm's performance. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 144-149. doi:10.5539/ass.v9n4p144
Coelho-Junior, F. A. C., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2011). Efeitos de variáveis individuais e contextuais sobre desempenho individual no trabalho. Estudos de Psicologia, 16(2), 111-120. doi:10.1590/S1413-294X2011000200001
Cooley, L. (1990). Entrepreneurship training and the strengthening of entrepreneurial performance. Washington: USAID.
Dana, L. P. (2007). Handbook of research on ethnic minority entrepreneurship: A coevolutionary view on resource management. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 413-438. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326
Fontanella, B. J. B., Luchesi, B. M., Saidel, M. G. B., Ricas, J., Turato, E. R., & Melo, D. G. (2011). Amostragem em pesquisas qualitativas: Proposta de procedimentos para constatar saturação teórica. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 27(2), 388-394. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2011000200020
Garzón, M. D. (2010). A comparison of personal entrepreneurial competences between entrepreneurs and CEOs in service sector. Service Business, 4(3), 289-303. doi:10.1007/s11628-009-0090-6
Hébert, R. F., & Link, A. (2010). Historical perspectives on the entrepreneur. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2(4), 261-408. doi:10.1561/0300000008
Hisrich, R., Langan-Fox, J., & Grant, S. (2007). Entrepreneurship Research and Practice: a call to action for psychology. American Psychologist, 62(6), 575-589. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.6.575
Hoselitz, B. F. (1952). Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 12(1), 97-111. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1952.tb00480.x
Hoselitz, B. F. (1957). Noneconomic factors in economic development. The American Economic Review, 47(2), 28-41.
Iizuka, E. S., & Moraes, G. H. S. M. (2014). Análise do potencial e perfil empreendedor do estudante de administração e o ambiente universitário: Reflexões para instituições de ensino. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 15(3), 593-630. doi:10.13058/raep.2014.v15n3.16
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Lindzey, G., Gilbert, D., & Fiske, S. T. (1998). The handbook of social psychology. London, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lope-Pihie, Z. A., & Bagheri, A. (2011). Malay secondary school students' entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A descriptive study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(2), 316-322. doi:10.3923/jas.2011.316.322
Man, T. W., & Lau, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial competencies of SME owner/managers in the Hong Kong services sector: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 8(3), 235-254. doi:10.1142/S0218495800000139
Mathieu, C., & St-Jean, É. (2013). Entrepreneurial personality: The role of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), 527-531. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.026
Matthews, C. H., & Moser, S. B. (1996). A Longitudinal Investigation of the Impact of Family Background. Journal of Small Business Management, 34(2), 29-43.
McClelland, D. C. (1965). Achievement-Motivation can be developed. Harvard Business Review, 43(6), 6-25. doi:10.1225/65609
McClelland, D. C. (1972). A Sociedade Competitiva Realização e Progresso Social. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Expressão e Cultura.
McCline, R. L., Bhat, S., & Baj, P. (2000). Opportunity recognition: An exploratory investigation of a component of the entrepreneurial process in the context of the health care industry. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104225870002500205
Morales, C., & Feldman, P. M. (2013). Entrepreneurial skills, significant differences between Serbian and German entrepreneurs. Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra, 6(1), 1-27. Recuperado de https://ssrn.com/abstract=2236459
Murray, E. J., & Cabral, Á. (1978). Motivação e Emoção. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Zahar.
Obschonka, M., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., Silbereisen, R. K., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2013). The regional distribution and correlates of an entrepreneurship-prone personality profile in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom: A socioecological perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(1), 104-122. doi:10.1037/a0032275
Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2012). Explaining entrepreneurial behavior: Dispositional personality traits, growth of personal entrepreneurial resources, and business idea generation. Career Development Quarterly, 60(2), 178-190. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2012.00015.x
O'Reilly, M., & Parker, N. (2013). 'Unsatisfactory Saturation': a critical exploration of the notion of saturated sample sizes in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 13(2), 190-197. doi:10.1177/1468794112446106
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. doi:10.1002/nur.20147
Rezaei-Zadeh, M., Hogan, M., O'Reilly, J., Cleary, B., & Murphy, E. (2014). Using interactive management to identify, rank and model entrepreneurial competencies as universities' entrepreneurship curricula. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 57-94. doi:10.1177/0971355713513353
Robinson, P., B., Stimpson, D., V., Huefner, J., & Hunt, H., K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104225879101500405
Santandreu-Mascarell, C., Garzon, D., & Knorr, H. (2013). Entrepreneurial and innovative competences, are they the same? Management Decision, 51(5), 1084-1095. doi:10.1108/MD-11-2012-0792
Santos, S. C., Caetano, A., Curral, L., & Spagnoli, P. (2010). How to assess entrepreneurial potential. Washigton, DC: International Council for Small Business. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/BWZCpk
Scherer, R. F., Adams, J. S., & Wiebe, F. A. (1989). Developing entrepreneurial behaviours: A social learning theory perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 2(3), 16-27. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000001186
Schmidt, S., & Bohnenberger, M. C. (2009). Perfil Empreendedor e Desempenho Organizacional. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 13(3), 450-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552009000300007
Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2004). Pathways to successful entrepreneurship: Parenting, personality, early entrepreneurial competence, and interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(3), 498-518. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.007
Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2007). The long way to entrepreneurship: Personality, parenting, early interests, and competencies as precursors for entrepreneurial activity among the "Termites". In R. K., Silbereisen, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Approaches to Positive Youth Development (pp. 205-224). London, UK: Sage Publication.
Schröder, E., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2006). Crystallizing enterprising interests among adolescents through a career development program: The role of personality and family background. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 494-509. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2006.05.004
Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business Cycles (Vol. 1). London, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Schumpeter, J. (1985). Teoria do desenvolvimento econômico: Uma investigação sobre lucros, capital, crédito, juro e o ciclo econômico. São Paulo, SP: Abril Cultural.
Shane, S., & Nicolaou, N. (2013). The genetics of entrepreneurial performance. International Small Business Journal, 31(5), 473-495. doi:10.1177/0266242613485767
Siqueira, M. M. M. (2002). Medidas do comportamento organizacional. Estudos de Psicologia, 7(S), 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2002000300003
Souza, J. R. M. D., & Silva, C. E. (2011). Metodologias de estímulo a criatividade e inovação no desenvolvimento de empreendedores: Uma revisão teórica. Revista Brasileira de Administração Científica, 2(1), 68-86. doi:10.6008%2FESS2179-684X.2011.001.0004
Tamayo, N., & Abbad, G. D. S. (2006). Autoconceito profissional e suporte à transferência e impacto do treinamento no trabalho. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 10(3), 9-28. doi:10.1590/S1415-65552006000300002
Trotter, R. T. (2012). Qualitative research sample design and sample size: Resolving and unresolved issues and inferential imperatives. Preventive Medicine, 55(5), 398-400. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.003
Vale, G. M. V. (2014). Empreendedor: Origens, concepções teóricas, dispersão e integração. RAC Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 18(6), 874-891. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/html/840/84032519009/
Vérin, H. (1982). Entrepreneurs, entreprise: histoire d'une idée (Vol. 2). Paris, IDF: Presses Universitaires de France.
Weber, M. (1958). A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo. São Paulo, SP: Pioneira.
Zampier, M. A., & Takahashi, A. R. (2011). Competências empreendedoras e processos de aprendizagem empreendedora: Modelo conceitual de pesquisa. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 9(1), 564-585. doi:10.1590/S1679-39512011000600007
Bastos, A. V. B. (1994). Confusão conceitual no estudo de atitudes no trabalho. Temas em Psicologia, 2(3), 97-108. Recuperado em http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/pdf/tp/v2n3/v2n3a10.pdf
Boyatzis, R. E. (1982). The competent manager: A model for effective performance. New Jersey, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Brants, J., Oliveira, C., Casemiro, Í., Licório, A., & Reboli, R. (2015). Empreendedorismo acadêmico no curso de administração da UNIR. Revista Pretexto, 16(2), 59-74. doi:10.21714/pretexto.v16i2.2368
Braudel, F. (1982). Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century: The wheels of commerce (Vol. 2). Oakland, CA: University of California Press.
Choe, K. L., Loo, S. C., & Lau, T. C. (2013). Exploratory study on the relationship between entrepreneurial attitude and firm's performance. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 144-149. doi:10.5539/ass.v9n4p144
Coelho-Junior, F. A. C., & Borges-Andrade, J. E. (2011). Efeitos de variáveis individuais e contextuais sobre desempenho individual no trabalho. Estudos de Psicologia, 16(2), 111-120. doi:10.1590/S1413-294X2011000200001
Cooley, L. (1990). Entrepreneurship training and the strengthening of entrepreneurial performance. Washington: USAID.
Dana, L. P. (2007). Handbook of research on ethnic minority entrepreneurship: A coevolutionary view on resource management. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing.
Frese, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2014). The psychology of entrepreneurship. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 413-438. doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091326
Fontanella, B. J. B., Luchesi, B. M., Saidel, M. G. B., Ricas, J., Turato, E. R., & Melo, D. G. (2011). Amostragem em pesquisas qualitativas: Proposta de procedimentos para constatar saturação teórica. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, 27(2), 388-394. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2011000200020
Garzón, M. D. (2010). A comparison of personal entrepreneurial competences between entrepreneurs and CEOs in service sector. Service Business, 4(3), 289-303. doi:10.1007/s11628-009-0090-6
Hébert, R. F., & Link, A. (2010). Historical perspectives on the entrepreneur. Foundations and Trends in Entrepreneurship, 2(4), 261-408. doi:10.1561/0300000008
Hisrich, R., Langan-Fox, J., & Grant, S. (2007). Entrepreneurship Research and Practice: a call to action for psychology. American Psychologist, 62(6), 575-589. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.62.6.575
Hoselitz, B. F. (1952). Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 12(1), 97-111. doi:10.1111/j.1536-7150.1952.tb00480.x
Hoselitz, B. F. (1957). Noneconomic factors in economic development. The American Economic Review, 47(2), 28-41.
Iizuka, E. S., & Moraes, G. H. S. M. (2014). Análise do potencial e perfil empreendedor do estudante de administração e o ambiente universitário: Reflexões para instituições de ensino. Administração: Ensino e Pesquisa, 15(3), 593-630. doi:10.13058/raep.2014.v15n3.16
John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. (1999). The big five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. In O. P., John, R. W., Robins, & L. A. Pervin, (Eds.). Handbook of personality: Theory and research (p. 102-138). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Lindzey, G., Gilbert, D., & Fiske, S. T. (1998). The handbook of social psychology. London, UK: Oxford University Press.
Lope-Pihie, Z. A., & Bagheri, A. (2011). Malay secondary school students' entrepreneurial attitude orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy: A descriptive study. Journal of Applied Sciences, 11(2), 316-322. doi:10.3923/jas.2011.316.322
Man, T. W., & Lau, T. (2000). Entrepreneurial competencies of SME owner/managers in the Hong Kong services sector: A qualitative analysis. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 8(3), 235-254. doi:10.1142/S0218495800000139
Mathieu, C., & St-Jean, É. (2013). Entrepreneurial personality: The role of narcissism. Personality and Individual Differences, 55(5), 527-531. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2013.04.026
Matthews, C. H., & Moser, S. B. (1996). A Longitudinal Investigation of the Impact of Family Background. Journal of Small Business Management, 34(2), 29-43.
McClelland, D. C. (1965). Achievement-Motivation can be developed. Harvard Business Review, 43(6), 6-25. doi:10.1225/65609
McClelland, D. C. (1972). A Sociedade Competitiva Realização e Progresso Social. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Expressão e Cultura.
McCline, R. L., Bhat, S., & Baj, P. (2000). Opportunity recognition: An exploratory investigation of a component of the entrepreneurial process in the context of the health care industry. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104225870002500205
Morales, C., & Feldman, P. M. (2013). Entrepreneurial skills, significant differences between Serbian and German entrepreneurs. Journal of CENTRUM Cathedra, 6(1), 1-27. Recuperado de https://ssrn.com/abstract=2236459
Murray, E. J., & Cabral, Á. (1978). Motivação e Emoção. Rio de Janeiro, RJ: Zahar.
Obschonka, M., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., Silbereisen, R. K., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2013). The regional distribution and correlates of an entrepreneurship-prone personality profile in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom: A socioecological perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105(1), 104-122. doi:10.1037/a0032275
Obschonka, M., Silbereisen, R. K., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2012). Explaining entrepreneurial behavior: Dispositional personality traits, growth of personal entrepreneurial resources, and business idea generation. Career Development Quarterly, 60(2), 178-190. doi:10.1002/j.2161-0045.2012.00015.x
O'Reilly, M., & Parker, N. (2013). 'Unsatisfactory Saturation': a critical exploration of the notion of saturated sample sizes in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 13(2), 190-197. doi:10.1177/1468794112446106
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2006). The content validity index: Are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 29(5), 489-497. doi:10.1002/nur.20147
Rezaei-Zadeh, M., Hogan, M., O'Reilly, J., Cleary, B., & Murphy, E. (2014). Using interactive management to identify, rank and model entrepreneurial competencies as universities' entrepreneurship curricula. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), 57-94. doi:10.1177/0971355713513353
Robinson, P., B., Stimpson, D., V., Huefner, J., & Hunt, H., K. (1991). An attitude approach to the prediction of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 15(4), 13-31. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F104225879101500405
Santandreu-Mascarell, C., Garzon, D., & Knorr, H. (2013). Entrepreneurial and innovative competences, are they the same? Management Decision, 51(5), 1084-1095. doi:10.1108/MD-11-2012-0792
Santos, S. C., Caetano, A., Curral, L., & Spagnoli, P. (2010). How to assess entrepreneurial potential. Washigton, DC: International Council for Small Business. Recuperado de https://goo.gl/BWZCpk
Scherer, R. F., Adams, J. S., & Wiebe, F. A. (1989). Developing entrepreneurial behaviours: A social learning theory perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 2(3), 16-27. doi:10.1108/EUM0000000001186
Schmidt, S., & Bohnenberger, M. C. (2009). Perfil Empreendedor e Desempenho Organizacional. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 13(3), 450-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-65552009000300007
Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2004). Pathways to successful entrepreneurship: Parenting, personality, early entrepreneurial competence, and interests. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 65(3), 498-518. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2003.10.007
Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2007). The long way to entrepreneurship: Personality, parenting, early interests, and competencies as precursors for entrepreneurial activity among the "Termites". In R. K., Silbereisen, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Approaches to Positive Youth Development (pp. 205-224). London, UK: Sage Publication.
Schröder, E., & Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2006). Crystallizing enterprising interests among adolescents through a career development program: The role of personality and family background. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(3), 494-509. doi:10.1016/j.jvb.2006.05.004
Schumpeter, J. A. (1939). Business Cycles (Vol. 1). London, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Schumpeter, J. (1985). Teoria do desenvolvimento econômico: Uma investigação sobre lucros, capital, crédito, juro e o ciclo econômico. São Paulo, SP: Abril Cultural.
Shane, S., & Nicolaou, N. (2013). The genetics of entrepreneurial performance. International Small Business Journal, 31(5), 473-495. doi:10.1177/0266242613485767
Siqueira, M. M. M. (2002). Medidas do comportamento organizacional. Estudos de Psicologia, 7(S), 11-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1413-294X2002000300003
Souza, J. R. M. D., & Silva, C. E. (2011). Metodologias de estímulo a criatividade e inovação no desenvolvimento de empreendedores: Uma revisão teórica. Revista Brasileira de Administração Científica, 2(1), 68-86. doi:10.6008%2FESS2179-684X.2011.001.0004
Tamayo, N., & Abbad, G. D. S. (2006). Autoconceito profissional e suporte à transferência e impacto do treinamento no trabalho. Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 10(3), 9-28. doi:10.1590/S1415-65552006000300002
Trotter, R. T. (2012). Qualitative research sample design and sample size: Resolving and unresolved issues and inferential imperatives. Preventive Medicine, 55(5), 398-400. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.07.003
Vale, G. M. V. (2014). Empreendedor: Origens, concepções teóricas, dispersão e integração. RAC Revista de Administração Contemporânea, 18(6), 874-891. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/html/840/84032519009/
Vérin, H. (1982). Entrepreneurs, entreprise: histoire d'une idée (Vol. 2). Paris, IDF: Presses Universitaires de France.
Weber, M. (1958). A Ética Protestante e o Espírito do Capitalismo. São Paulo, SP: Pioneira.
Zampier, M. A., & Takahashi, A. R. (2011). Competências empreendedoras e processos de aprendizagem empreendedora: Modelo conceitual de pesquisa. Cadernos EBAPE.BR, 9(1), 564-585. doi:10.1590/S1679-39512011000600007
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2018-10-08
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Cortez, P. A., & Veiga, H. M. da S. (2018). Personal characteristics of entrepreneurs: clarifying concepts of recent literature (2010-2015). Estudos Interdisciplinares Em Psicologia, 9(3), 58–79. https://doi.org/10.5433/2236-6407.2018v9n3p58
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