Freud, the medical rationality and the constitution of the psychopathological object in psychoanalysis: an epistemological study

Abstract

This work aims to investigate the scientific context of Freud's time, more specifically, rationality itself to medicine of his time, when his theoretical elaborations of the categories of normal and pathological. It is believed that the elucidation of the models of medical rationale contemporary to Freud allows an understanding of how it, Freud, subverted the models alluded, violating their fundamental theoretical and methodological canons, to finally have access to unprecedented of its object, the unconscious, radically changing the relationship between the normal and the pathological in the field of psychopathology. To do so, we will start in a Foucaultian perspective, the discussion of the discontinuity between the constituent rationalities of classic and modern medicine. Then characterize the predominant anatomical-clinical model in modern medicine, showing their effects in the theoretical constructs in psychopathology and, a subversive position, the Freudian refraction. Freud thought the disease as a totalizing phenomenon, a dynamic perspective. He was railed the ontologization the disease. In antiobjetivista position, he proposed a homogeneous conception of psychic disturbances, redefining them as forms of subjectivity.