Poder antioxidante e propriedades anticâncer do extrato alcoólico e da essência hidrodestilada da Ephedra major Host
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0367.2025v46n1p23Palavras-chave:
Extração alcoólica, Poder antioxidante, Apoptose, Viabilidade celular, Ephedra major, Óleo essencialResumo
Neste estudo, os extratos etanólicos e metanólicos de Ephedra major foram extraídos por maceração e a essência foi preparada por hidrodestilação. O teste DPPH foi utilizado para avaliar a atividade antioxidante e o conteúdo fenólico determinado pelo método Folin-Ciocalteu. A citotoxicidade do extrato etanólico e da essência foi avaliada sobre células tumorais A549 e células normais HDF pelo método de MTT. A porcentagem de apoptose foi medida por citometria de fluxo. PCR real-time foi utilizado para determinar as mudanças na expressão dos genes BAX e p53. Os resultados mostram que a atividade antioxidante (IC50) do extrato etanólico foi mais baixa, enquanto que o seu conteúdo fenólico total foi mais alto do que no extrato metanólico (p≤0.001). O IC50 mais baixo para a citotoxicidade do extrato etanólico e da essência foi de 700 μg.ml-1 e 280 μg.ml-1 em 48 horas, respectivamente. O extrato etanólico e a essência não afetaram significantemente a proliferação das células HDF. O ensaio de apoptose demonstrou que o uso do extrato etanólico (IC50) aumentou a apoptose precoce e a tardia em até 22% e 29,3%, respectivamente. Ainda, a essência (IC50) também aumentou a apoptose precoce e a tardia em até 14,8% e 25,4%. A expressão dos genes p53 (p≤0.001) e BAX (p≤0.01) foi aumentada com o extrato etanólico e a essência, quando comparada ao controle. Concluímos que maiores quantidades de compostos fenólicos no extrato etanólico levaram a um maior poder antioxidante em comparação com o extrato metanólico. Desta forma, as propriedades anticâncer do extrato e da essência de Ephedra major devem-se ao seu efeito antioxidante.
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