Quality of re-ensiled sorghum silages after prolonged periods of environmental exposure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p357Keywords:
Ammonia nitrogen, Fermentation, Recompaction, Tropical forage.Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of re-ensiling on the fermentability coefficient (FC), chemical composition and fermentation profile of untreated whole-crop sorghum silage after prolonged periods of environmental exposure. Treatments comprised eight times of exposure to the environment (0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h) and two procedures for conservation (conventional and re-ensiling) in a completely randomized design with two factors and three replicates. Experimental silos made of 12-L plastic buckets were used in trials. Silage nutritive value, fermentation profile, and dry mass (DM) losses were analyzed before and 90 days after re-ensiling. Regression analyses were performed, and ANOVA was used to compare means. The FC was higher than 45 even when the silage was exposed to air for 120 h before re-ensiling (59.2±2.54). Regression equations were fitted to the data with low accuracy (R2 < 0.47). Moreover, we observed that the main effect occurred between before and after re-ensiling, decreasing the contents of DM (42 to 37 %) and water-soluble carbohydrates (7.0 to 5.8 % DM), neutral detergent fiber (60.4 to 55.4 % DM), and acid detergent fiber (49.5 to 33.5 % DM), but increasing those of lactic acid (0.52 to 0.96 % DM) and ammoniacal nitrogen (1.58 to 2.51 % total N). The DM losses were linear with increasing times of air exposure; however, silage nutritive value and fermentation profile showed no disturbing changes for silage conservation and animal feeding.References
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Chen, Y., & Weinberg, Z. G. (2014). The effect of relocation of whole-crop wheat and corn silages on their quality. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(1), 406-410. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7098
Clavin, D., Crosson, P., Grant, J., & O'kiely, P. (2017). Red clover for silage: management impacts on herbage yield, nutritive value, ensilability and persistence, and relativity to perennial ryegrass. Grass Forage Science, 72(1), 414-431. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12249
Hu, W., Schmidt, R. J, McDonell, E. E., Klingerman, C. M. L., & Kung, L., Jr. (2009). The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(8), 3907-3914. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1788
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Sariçiçek, B., Yildirim, B., Kocabaş, Z., & Özgümüş Demir, E. (2016). the effects of storage time on nutrient composition and silage quality parameters of corn silage made in plastic mini silo in laboratory conditions. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 6(3), 177-183. doi: 10.21597/jist.2016321853
Tilley, J. M. A., & Terry, R. A. (1963). A two-stage technique for the “in vitro” digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 18(2), 104-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass Forage Science, 68(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Yahaya, M. S., Kimura, A., Harai, J., Nguyen, H. V., Kawai M., Takahashi, J., & Matsuoka, S. (2001). Effect of length of ensiling on silo degradation and digestibility of structural carbohydrates of lucerne and orchardgrass. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 92(3), 141-148. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00265-6
Association of Official Analytical Chemistry. (1990). Official methods of analysis (15th ed.). Arlington: AOAC.
Chen, Y., & Weinberg, Z. G. (2014). The effect of relocation of whole-crop wheat and corn silages on their quality. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(1), 406-410. doi: 10.3168/jds.2013-7098
Clavin, D., Crosson, P., Grant, J., & O'kiely, P. (2017). Red clover for silage: management impacts on herbage yield, nutritive value, ensilability and persistence, and relativity to perennial ryegrass. Grass Forage Science, 72(1), 414-431. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12249
Hu, W., Schmidt, R. J, McDonell, E. E., Klingerman, C. M. L., & Kung, L., Jr. (2009). The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or Lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(8), 3907-3914. doi: 10.3168/jds.2008-1788
Johnson, R. R., Balwani, T. L., Johnson, L. J., McClure, K. E., & Dehority, B. A. (1966). Corn plant maturity. II. Effect on in vitro cellulose digestibility and soluble carbohydrate content. Journal of Animal Science, 25(3), 617-623. doi: 10.2527/jas1966.253617x
McDonald, P., Henderson, A. R., & Heron, S. J. E. (1991). Biochemistry of silage (2nd ed.). Bucks: Chalcombe Publication.
McGechan, M. B. (1989). A review of losses arising during conservation of grass forage: Storage losses. Journal Agricultural Engineering Research, 45, 1-30. doi: 10.1016/S0021-8634(05)80135-0
Michel, P. H. F., Gonçalves, L. C., Rodrigues, J. A. S, Keller, K. M., Raposo, V. S., Lima, E. M.,… Jayme, D. G. (2016). Re-ensiling and inoculant application with Lactobacillus plantarum and Propionibacterium acidipropionici on sorghum silages. Grass Forage Science, 72(3), 432-440. doi: 10.1111/gfs.12253
Playne, M. J., & McDonald, P. (1966). The buffering constituents of herbage and of silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 17(6), 264-268. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.2740170609
Pryce, J. D. (1969). A modification of the Barker-Summerson method for the determination of lactic acid. Analyst, 94(125), 1151-1152. doi: 10.1039/AN9699401151
Robertson, J. B., & Van Soest, P. J. (1981). The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In W. P. T. James, & O. Theander (Eds.). The analysis of dietary fiber in food (Chap. 9, pp. 123-158). New York: Marcel Dekker.
Sariçiçek, B., Yildirim, B., Kocabaş, Z., & Özgümüş Demir, E. (2016). the effects of storage time on nutrient composition and silage quality parameters of corn silage made in plastic mini silo in laboratory conditions. Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 6(3), 177-183. doi: 10.21597/jist.2016321853
Tilley, J. M. A., & Terry, R. A. (1963). A two-stage technique for the “in vitro” digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society, 18(2), 104-111. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.1963.tb00335.x
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass Forage Science, 68(1), 1-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Yahaya, M. S., Kimura, A., Harai, J., Nguyen, H. V., Kawai M., Takahashi, J., & Matsuoka, S. (2001). Effect of length of ensiling on silo degradation and digestibility of structural carbohydrates of lucerne and orchardgrass. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 92(3), 141-148. doi: 10.1016/S0377-8401(01)00265-6
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2020-01-10
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Lima, T. O. de, Lino, A. de A., Sanches, L. A., Brito, V. M., Santos-Araujo, S. N. dos, Sant’Anna, M. A. C., & Araujo, L. C. de. (2020). Quality of re-ensiled sorghum silages after prolonged periods of environmental exposure. Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 41(1), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n1p357
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